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  • pharmacokinetics  (31)
  • temperature  (31)
  • Springer  (62)
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists
  • Frontiers Media SA
  • Institute of Physics
  • Wiley
  • 2020-2024
  • 2010-2014
  • 1995-1999  (62)
  • 1920-1924
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of 5-aminosalicylic acid from controlled-release capsules in man (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 48 (1995), S. 273-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Mesalamine ; 5-aminosalicylic acid ; controlled release capsules ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract One gram single dose of Pentasa controlled-release capsules was administered to 24 healthy volunteers under fasting condition. Mean plasma 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and acetyl 5-ASA concentrations peaked at 0.53 μg · ml−1 and 1.33 μg · ml−1 from 3 to 4 hours following dosing, respectively. The half-lives of both compounds could not be determined as absorption of 5-ASA was continuous throughout the gastrointestinal tract. An average of 29.4% (CV: 27%) of the dose was excreted in the urine primarily as acetyl 5-ASA. Up to 91.1% of the dose was released from the capsules. Forty percent of the dose (CV: 40%) was eliminated in the feces, with 8.9% of the dose remained as formulation bounded 5-ASA, indicating that controlled-release capsules continue to release drug throughout the GI tract. 5-ASA contributed 46.7% of the salicylates eliminated in the feces and acetyl 5-ASA accounted for the balance. Controlled-release capsules produced three times more total salicylates and 10 times more total and free 5-ASA in the feces than did 5-ASA suspension. Thus, while lower systemic levels of salicylates were absorbed, greater therapeutic quantities of 5-ASA were available in the bowel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00198311
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationships between soluble sugar concentrations in roots and ecosystem stress for first year sugar maple seedlings (1996)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 88 (1996), S. 1-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: Acidic deposition ; vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae ; seedling nutrition ; temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Accumulation of reducing sugars (i.e., glucose and fructose) in plant roots has been consistently correlated with forest dieback and decline and, therefore, has potential as a biological indicator of ecosystem stress. In this study, the relationships between acidic deposition and “natural” (temperature, mycorrhizae, and nutrition) factors with first-year sugar maple seedling root sugar concentrations and growth were assessed in two sugar maple dominated forests in Michigan. Seedlings at the southern site (Wellston) had greater root growth, phosphorus, total sugar, and sucrose concentrations in roots, but lower reducing sugar concentration in roots. In addition, percent root length colonized by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was less than that found for seedlings growing at the northern site (Alberta). Throughfall deposition of nitrate, sulfate, and hydrogen ions was not significantly correlated with seedling total or reducing sugar concentration. Total sugar concentration in seedling roots was positively correlated with air and soil temperatures at the southern site, but not at the northern site. Seedling tissue phosphorus concentration was correlated with total sugars at both sites, with sucrose at the southern site, and reducing sugars at the northern site. Mycorrhizal colonization rates at the Alberta site were positively correlated with reducing sugar concentration in seedling roots and negatively correlated with sucrose concentration. The results suggest that differences in seedling root sugar concentrations in these two forests are related to seedling root growth and are most likely due to ecological variables, such as available soil phosphorus, temperature, and growing season length through some complex interaction with mycorrhizae rather than acidic deposition stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00157410
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetic and phase I studies of brequinar (DUP 785; NSC 368390) in combination with cisplatin in patients with advanced malignancies (1998)
    Springer
    Investigational new drugs 16 (1998), S. 19-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0646
    Keywords: phase I ; brequinar ; DUP 785 ; cisplatin ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Brequinar (DUP 785; NSC 368390) is a quinoline carboxylic acid derivative that inhibits pyrimidine synthesis at the level of dihydro-orotate dehydrogenase and revealed synergy with cisplatin in preclinical models. In this study investigating the pharmacokinetic and toxicity of brequinar in combination with cisplatin, patients were initially treated with weekly brequinar, in combination with an every-three-week administration of cisplatin. Due to toxicity, the schedule was modified to a 28-day cycle with brequinar given on days 1, 8, 15, and cisplatin on day 1. A total of 24 patients (16 male, 8 female; median age 57; median performance status 1) received 69 courses of therapy. Six dose levels were explored, with cisplatin/ brequinar doses, respectively, of 50/500, 50/650, 50/860, 60/860, 75/650, and 75/860 mg/m2. The serum concentration versus time curves for brequinar were biphasic. A comparison of the pharmacokinetic results after the first and third doses of brequinar indicate that the presence of 50, 60, and 75 mg/m2cisplatin did not change the protein binding and the pharmacokinetics of brequinar in any of the three brequinar-dose groups. Total cisplatin plasma pharmacokinetic followed a triphasic-shape curve and unbound cisplatin decayed at a very rapid rate. Since pharmacokinetic parameters for total cisplatin in this study were similar to those reported in the literature, the presence of brequinar is unlikely to alter the pharmacokinetics of cisplatin. Main dose-limiting toxicities included myelosuppression (including neutropenia and thrombocytopenia) and mucositis. Cisplatin/brequinar doses of 50/500, 50/650, 50/860, 60/860, 75/650, and 75/860 mg/m2, were associated with dose limiting toxicity in 0/3, 1/3, 1/3, 1/3, 2/4, 2/5, and 4/6 patients, respectively. This study shows that co-administration of brequinar and cisplatin does not affect the pharmacokinetic properties of either drug and that the MTDs of cisplatin/brequinar combinations are 60/860 mg/m2 or 75/650 mg/m2. From this study, we conclude that full dose of 75 mg/m2 cisplatin (day 1) can be administered with 650 mg/m2 brequinar (days 1, 8 and 15) without significant modifications of individual drug pharmacokinetic parameters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1016066529642
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transcript accumulation and utilization of alternate and non-consensus splice sites in rice granule-bound starch synthase are temperature-sensitive and controlled by a single-nucleotide polymorphism (1999)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 40 (1999), S. 719-727 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: amylose ; splicing ; starch synthase ; temperature ; waxy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS), a product of the waxy gene in rice (Oryza sativa L.), is necessary for the synthesis of amylose in the endosperm. In an extended pedigree of 89 rice cultivars, we have previously shown that all cultivars with more than 18% amylose had the sequence AGGTATA at the leader intron 5′ splice site, while all cultivars with a lower proportion of amylose had the sequence AGTTATA. This single-nucleotide polymorphism reduces the efficiency of GBSS pre-mRNA processing. It also results in alternate splicing at multiple sites, some of which have non-consensus sequences. Here we demonstrate that this same G-to-T polymorphism is also associated with differential sensitivity to temperature during the period of grain development. Cultivars with the sequence AGTTATA have a substantial increase in accumulation of mature GBSS transcripts at 18 °C compared to 25 or 32 °C. The selection of leader intron 5′ splice sites is also affected by temperature in these cultivars. A 5′ splice site −93 upstream from that used in high-amylose varieties predominates at 18 °C. At higher temperatures there is increased utilization of a 5′ splice site at −1 and a non-consensus site at +1. Potential implications of differential 5′ splice site selection and associated differences in 3′ splice site selection on transcript stability and translational efficiency are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006298608408
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-reciprocal cross-incompatibility in Trichogramma deion (1996)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 80 (1996), S. 481-489 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: reproductive compatibility ; hybrid inviability ; temperature ; Trichogramma ; biological control ; Hymenoptera ; Trichogrammatidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In non-reciprocal cross-incompatibility (NRCI), the crossing of a female of a strain A with a male of a strain B results in hybrid offspring, whereas the reciprocal cross produces few or no hybrids. Only females are of hybrid origin in Hymenoptera because they arise from fertilized eggs; males arise from unfertilized (haploid) eggs. Crosses between many strains of Trichogramma deion showed some degree of NRCI. Crosses between a T. deion culture collected in Seven Pines, California (SVP) with one from Marysville, California (MRY) showed an extreme form of NRCI in which practically no female offspring was produced when MRY females were crossed with SVP males. The reciprocal cross produced a close to normal proportion of female and male offspring. Detailed studied of this cross indicated that 1) the female offspring produced in the compatible interstrain cross were not the result of parthenogenesis but were true hybrids, 2) the incompatible interstrain cross did not produce female offspring because fertilized eggs died during development, 3) the death of these eggs could not be prevented by either antibiotic or temperature treatment, 4) cytoplasmically inherited factors causing NRCI could be discounted because backcrossed females with the genome of MRY and the cytoplasm of SVP, exhibit the NRCI relationship characteristic of their genome. Therefore the NRCI between these strains appears to be caused by a modification coded for by the nuclear genes of MRY that results in incompatibility when SVP sperm fertilizes MRY eggs. In addition the level of incompatibility in crosses between the SVP females and MRY males is temperature sensitive, the higher the rearing temperature the lower the level of compatibility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00343472
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Different responses to temperature in three closely-related sympatric cereal aphids (1998)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 86 (1998), S. 49-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: aphids ; Sitobion ; population ; chromosomal race ; mean relative growth rate ; temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Chromosomal races of the aphid Sitobion miscanthi (Takahashi), and a closely-related species S. near fragariae (Aphididae: Macrosiphini) show seasonal differences in abundance in eastern Australia. We tested whether this was related to differences in temperature response, using controlled laboratory conditions. Intrinsic rate of increase, rm, mean relative growth rate (MRGR), and longevity were compared at different temperatures, and rates of increase were compared outdoors under ambient conditions. Using laboratory data, we simulated population growth, for comparison with outdoor populations. There were significant differences in responses to temperature regimes both in the laboratory and outdoors. Outdoor populations fell well short of predicted sizes. S. miscanthi (2n=18) showed evidence of adaptation to warmer conditions. In contrast, S. nr fragariae showed consistent evidence for adaptation to cooler conditions, and S. miscanthi 2n=17 was approximately intermediate. These data indicate that temperature responses are important in the ecology, evolution and pest status of S. miscanthi clones and S. nr fragariae in Australia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003102927699
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetometric Method of Investigating Fire Sites (1997)
    Springer
    Fire technology 33 (1997), S. 195-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Keywords: point of fire origin ; fire ; temperature ; plaster ; concrete ; thermal ; damage ; biotite ; magnetization ; susceptibility ; N-rays ; P-rays ; X-rays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract Magnetic susceptibility (MS) measurements were taken to determine fire exposure patterns on noncombustible structural members and compartment boundaries. These measurements led on-site fire investigators to the cause of combustion and the point of fire origin. Thermal damage to walls and to ceilings was estimated quantitatively by measuring MS and two-valent Fe ion concentration in building materials such as concrete and plaster. It was shown that these effects are preconditioned by thermochemical transformations in the mineral biotite, which is present as a component of common building materials. For the first time, the effect of a substantial and irreversible increase in biotite magnetization exposed to powerful flows of N- and P-rays was found. It is hoped that the presence of this “magnetic trace” of radiation in building materials will allow investigators to use the magnetometric method at nuclear power plant catastrophes such as that in Chernobyl. It was also shown that the influence of N- and P-rays on biotite's magnetic properties greatly differs from the thermal influence on biotite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015363605037
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reproduction of Diaeretiella rapae on Russian wheat aphid hosts at different temperatures (1997)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 82 (1997), S. 159-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Diaeretiella rapae ; reproduction ; life-tables ; temperature ; Diuraphis noxia ; biological control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Diaeretiella rapae (M'Intosh), a polyphagous and cosmopolitan parasite of aphids, was imported from China to the USA for biological control of Diuraphis noxia (Mordwilko), a pest of small grains. We studied several aspects of its biology on D. noxia hosts in the laboratory at 3 constant temperatures, 10.0, 21.1, and 26.7 °C. Females lived significantly longer than males at all 3 temperatures, and longevity was greatest at 10 °C, followed by 21.1 and 26.7 °C. Fecundity (= number of mummies) did not differ significantly among the 3 temperatures studied. The ovarian egg-load was 129.1 ± 9.3, and was significantly affected by the size of adult females. A pre-oviposition period ± 0.26 days) was detected at 10 °C, but not at the other temperatures. Pre-imaginal survivorship was similar among temperatures, while R o and T c decreased with temperature, and r m increased with temperature. The offspring sex ratio (proportion females) was lowest at 26.7 °C, and similar between 10.0 and 21.1 °C. In addition, the offspring sex ratio significantly declined with the age of the female parent. The suitability of D. rapae for colonization against D. noxia in North America is discussed in relation to its responses to temperature and the climate of its home range.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002929500786
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrochemical synthesis of cupric oxide powder Part II: Process conditions (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 29 (1999), S. 81-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: cupric oxide ; powder ; current density ; temperature ; sodium sulfate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Electrosynthesis of cupric oxide powder was carried out on a laboratory scale in an electrochemical cell under various experimental conditions. The electrolysis was appraised in terms of the particle size of the cupric oxide product and the anodic dissolution of the copper electrode. Using a previously determined pH value of 7.50, the other optimum electrolysis operating conditions established were a current density of 4000Am−2, temperature of 353K, and Na2SO4 concentration of 0.5m. The optimum values of current efficiency, cell voltage and specific energy consumption for the electrochemical synthesis of cupric oxide powder were determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003464914657
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fungi associated with post-harvest rot of black plum (Vitex doniana) in Nigeria (1996)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 136 (1996), S. 109-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Fungi ; post-harvest rot ; relative humidity ; temperature ; Vitex doniana
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The fungi associated with rot of Vitex doniana fruits (blackplum) were isolated and identified. Aspergillus niger, Botryodiplodia theobromae, Candida spp. Penicillium chrysogenum, Rhizopus stolonifer, Fusarium pallidoroseum F. oxysporum and Mucor mucedo were the primary rot causing fungi in contrast to Cladosporium herbarum and Mucor circinelloides which were just present as secondary colonizers. The rot fungi penetrated mainly through wounds and bruises on the surface of fruits. Mature green fruits were less susceptible to infection than half ripe and fully ripened red fruits. Optimum rot by pathogenic isolates occurred at 25–30 °C and relative humidity 72.5–100%. The results of investigation of influence of storage temperatures and relative humidity on the quality of uninoculated healthy fruits are presented and discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00437504
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