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  • Oxford University Press  (290)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • 2020-2024  (1)
  • 2015-2019  (218)
  • 2010-2014  (211)
  • 1985-1989  (81)
  • 1945-1949  (1)
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxygen doping in close-spaced-sublimed CdTe thin films for photovoltaic cells (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 59 (1986), S. 3607-3609 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Efficient CdTe/CdS thin film solar cells have been the recent focus, in which the CdTe layers were reported by close-spaced sublimation, and oxygen was used to control the p-type conductivity of the deposited films. Both the fundamental gap and the impurity level were determined by the wavelength modulation reflectance spectroscopy, which demonstrates that while oxygen atoms have an ionization energy of about 0.1 eV, they do not behave as a simple shallow acceptor. This finding is supported by the electrical characterization. The oxygen concentration incorporated in the CdTe thin films were found to be in the range of 1019–1020 cm−3 by the IR measurements, while a carrier concentration between 1010 and 1012 cm−3 was obtained by Hall measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.336792
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
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    Fluorescence spectroscopy of UV-MALDI matrices and implications of ionization mechanisms (2014)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-25
    Description: Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) has been widely used in the mass analysis of biomolecules; however, there are a lot of debates about the ionization mechanisms. Previous studies have indicated that S 1 -S 1 annihilation might be a key process in the generation of primary ions. This study investigates S 1 -S 1 annihilation by examining the time-resolved fluorescence spectra of 12 matrices. No S 1 -S 1 annihilation was observed in six of these matrices (3-hydroxy-picolinic acid, 6-aza-2-thiothymine, 2,4-dihydroxy-acetophenone, 2,6-dihydroxy-acetophenone, 2,4,6-trihydroxy-acetophenone, and ferulic acid). We observed two matrix molecules reacting in an electronically excited state (S 1 ) in five of these matrices (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid, 2,5-dihydroxy-acetophenone, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid, and 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid), and S 1 -S 1 annihilation was a possible reaction. Among these five matrices, no S 1 -S 1 annihilation was observed for 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid in typical peak power region of nanosecond laser pulses in MALDI, but a very small value of reaction rate constant was observed only in the high peak power region. The excited-state lifetime of sinapinic acid was too short to determine whether the molecules reacted in an electronically excited state. No correlation was observed between the ion generation efficiency of MALDI and S 1 -S 1 annihilation. The results indicate that the proposal of S 1 -S 1 annihilation is unnecessary in MALDI and energy pooling model for MALDI ionization mechanism has to be modified.
    Print ISSN: 0021-9606
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7690
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 3
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    Fluorescence spectroscopy of UV-MALDI matrices and implications of ionization mechanisms (2014)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-25
    Description: Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) has been widely used in the mass analysis of biomolecules; however, there are a lot of debates about the ionization mechanisms. Previous studies have indicated that S 1 -S 1 annihilation might be a key process in the generation of primary ions. This study investigates S 1 -S 1 annihilation by examining the time-resolved fluorescence spectra of 12 matrices. No S 1 -S 1 annihilation was observed in six of these matrices (3-hydroxy-picolinic acid, 6-aza-2-thiothymine, 2,4-dihydroxy-acetophenone, 2,6-dihydroxy-acetophenone, 2,4,6-trihydroxy-acetophenone, and ferulic acid). We observed two matrix molecules reacting in an electronically excited state (S 1 ) in five of these matrices (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid, 2,5-dihydroxy-acetophenone, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid, and 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid), and S 1 -S 1 annihilation was a possible reaction. Among these five matrices, no S 1 -S 1 annihilation was observed for 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid in typical peak power region of nanosecond laser pulses in MALDI, but a very small value of reaction rate constant was observed only in the high peak power region. The excited-state lifetime of sinapinic acid was too short to determine whether the molecules reacted in an electronically excited state. No correlation was observed between the ion generation efficiency of MALDI and S 1 -S 1 annihilation. The results indicate that the proposal of S 1 -S 1 annihilation is unnecessary in MALDI and energy pooling model for MALDI ionization mechanism has to be modified.
    Electronic ISSN: 1931-9223
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 4
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    Edge waves and resonances in two-dimensional phononic crystal plates (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-07
    Description: We present a numerical study on phononic band gaps and resonances occurring at the edge of a semi-infinite two-dimensional (2D) phononic crystal plate. The edge supports localized edge waves coupling to evanescent phononic plate modes that decay exponentially into the semi-infinite phononic crystal plate. The band-gap range and the number of edge-wave eigenmodes can be tailored by tuning the distance between the edge and the semi-infinite 2D phononic lattice. As a result, a phononic band gap for simultaneous edge waves and plate waves is created, and phononic cavities beside the edge can be built to support high-frequency edge resonances. We design an L3 edge cavity and analyze its resonance characteristics. Based on the band gap, high quality factor and strong confinement of resonant edge modes are achieved. The results enable enhanced control over acoustic energy flow in phononic crystal plates, which can be used in designing micro and nanoscale resonant devices and coupling of edge resonances to other types of phononic or photonic crystal cavities.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 5
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    High-speed modulation from the fast mode extraction of a photonic crystal light-emitting diode (2016)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-07
    Description: Using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for visible light communication has become an alternative choice of radio source due to channel crowding of the radio-frequency (RF) signal. The modulation bandwidth of LEDs is usually limited by the spontaneous carrier lifetime in multiple quantum wells. Here, sub-GHz modulation of GaN-based LED employing photonic crystal (PhC) nanostructure is demonstrated. The guided photonic modes of the LEDs are modulated by the RF signal. Both carrier lifetime of lower- and higher-order modes are studied in time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) at room temperature. The f - 3 dB - J curve of the PhC LED exhibits a higher bandwidth than the typical LED structure. At 11.41 kA/cm 2 , the optical −3-dB bandwidth ( f - 3 dB ) up to 234 MHz of the PhC LED (PhCLED) is achieved. Our studies on TRPL at different wavelengths and frequency response at different injection current densities conclude that the higher operation speed is attributed to faster radiative carrier recombination of extracted guided modes from the PhC nanostructure.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 6
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    miRTarBase 2016: updates to the experimentally validated miRNA-target interactions database (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-07
    Description: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs of approximately 22 nucleotides, which negatively regulate the gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. This study describes an update of the miRTarBase ( http://miRTarBase.mbc.nctu.edu.tw/ ) that provides information about experimentally validated miRNA-target interactions (MTIs). The latest update of the miRTarBase expanded it to identify systematically Argonaute-miRNA-RNA interactions from 138 crosslinking and immunoprecipitation sequencing (CLIP-seq) data sets that were generated by 21 independent studies. The database contains 4966 articles, 7439 strongly validated MTIs (using reporter assays or western blots) and 348 007 MTIs from CLIP-seq. The number of MTIs in the miRTarBase has increased around 7-fold since the 2014 miRTarBase update. The miRNA and gene expression profiles from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) are integrated to provide an effective overview of this exponential growth in the miRNA experimental data. These improvements make the miRTarBase one of the more comprehensively annotated, experimentally validated miRNA-target interactions databases and motivate additional miRNA research efforts.
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 7
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    Size-tunable strain engineering in Ge nanocrystals embedded within SiO2 and Si3N4 (2014)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-01
    Description: We report a unique ability to control the sign and size of the stress within Ge nanocrystals or nanodots fabricated using a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor-compatible process within SiO 2 and Si 3 N 4 layers. Very large (as much as 4.5%), size-dependent compressive and tensile strains can be generated depending on whether the dot is embedded within either a Si 3 N 4 or a SiO 2 layer. Raman measurements reveal significant anharmonicity for smaller Ge dots and possible distortions of the diamond cubic lattice as evidenced by the measured Grünesien parameters and confirmed by their transmission electron diffraction patterns. Two completely different mechanisms are proposed to explain the formation of the tensile and compressive strain states, respectively.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 8
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    Cost-effective and highly sensitive cholesterol microsensors with fast response based on the enzyme-induced conductivity change of polyaniline (2014)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-19
    Description: In this study, a cost-effective and highly sensitive cholesterol microsensor, which is consisted of cholesterol oxidase (ChOx), horseradish peroxidase (HRP), and polyaniline (PANI), was developed based on the enzyme-induced conductivity change of PANI with fast response. Hydrogen peroxide is produced via the reaction between cholesterol and ChOx, which was immobilized in a dialysis membrane. The produced hydrogen peroxide can oxidize HRP, which can be reduced by oxidizing PANI, thus resulting in decreased conductivity of the polyaniline thin film. The reduced HRP can be oxidized again by hydrogen peroxide and the cycle of the oxidation/reduction continues until all hydrogen peroxide are reacted, leading to the high sensitivity of the sensor due to the signal contributed from all hydrogen peroxide molecules. Cholesterol was detected near the physiological concentrations ranging from 100 mg/dl to 400 mg/dl with the cholesterol microsensors. The results show linear relation between cholesterol concentration and the conductivity change of the PANI. The microsensor showed no response to cholesterol when the PANI was standalone without cholesterol oxidase immobilized, indicating that the enzymatic reaction is required for cholesterol detection. The simple process of the sensor fabrication allows the sensor to be cost-effective and disposable usage. This electronic cholesterol microsensor is promising for point-of-care health monitoring in cholesterol level with low cost and fast response.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 9
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    Imaging and characterization of piezoelectric potential in a single bent ZnO microwire (2014)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-26
    Description: We achieved direct visualization of the piezoelectric potentials in a single bent ZnO microwire (MW) using focused synchrotron radiation (soft x-ray) scanning photoelectron spectro-microscopy. Using radial-line scan across the bent section of ZnO MW, the characteristic core-level shifts were directly related to the spatial distribution of piezoelectric potentials perpendicular to the ZnO polar direction. Using piezoelectric modeling in ZnO, we delineated the band structure distortion and carrier concentration change from tensile to compressed sides by combining the spatial resolved cathodoluminescence characteristics in an individual microwire. This spectro-microscopic technique allows imaging and identification of the electric-mechanical couplings in piezoelectric micro-/nano-wire systems.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 10
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    Recombination dynamics of a localized exciton bound at basal stacking faults within the m-plane ZnO film (2014)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-08
    Description: We investigated the carrier dynamics near basal stacking faults (BSFs) in m -plane ZnO epitaxial film. The behaviors of the type-II quantum wells related to the BSFs are verified through time-resolved and time-integrated photoluminescence. The decay time of the emission of BSFs is observed to have a higher power law value and longer decay time than the emission of the donor-bound excitons. The spectral-dependent decay times reveal a phenomenon of carriers migrating among band tail states, which are related to the spatial distribution of the type-II quantum wells formed by the BSFs. A high density of excited carriers leads to a band bending effect, which in turn causes a blue-shift of the emission peak of BSFs with a broadened distribution of band tail states.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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