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  • GEOPHYSICS  (12)
  • SPACE RADIATION  (3)
  • 2020-2023
  • 1975-1979  (15)
  • 1
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    Prediction of energetic particle disturbances (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: The prediction of fluxes of energetic particles of solar or magnetospheric origin is addressed. Topics include the prediction of the properties of the particle populations generated by magnetospheric storms and substorms, and the prediction of long term variations in the populations of magnetospheric particles.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Solar-Terrest. Predictions Proc., Vol. 2; p 415-432
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Ion cyclotron wave growth calculated from satellite observations of the proton ring current during storm recovery (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 81; May 1
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  • 3
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    The storm and poststorm evolution of energetic /35-560 keV/ radiation belt electron distributions (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Detailed Explorer 45 equatorial observations of the storm and poststorm structure of radiation-belt electrons (35 to 560 keV) for L values between 1.7 and 5.2 are presented. Injection during major storms results in electron pitch-angle distributions and radial profiles that are greatly distorted from their quiet-time equilibrium structure. Following storms, the pitch-angle distributions return to their prestorm shape over a period of several days. This shape is maintained as electron fluxes decay back to the quiet-time levels. The equatorial radial profiles slowly return to their prestorm equilibrium structure over a period of a few weeks and then maintain that structure.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 80; Oct. 1
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  • 4
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    The dominant mode of standing Alfven waves at the synchronous orbit (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Low-frequency oscillations of the earth's magnetic field recorded by a magnetometer on board ATS 1 have been examined for the 6-month interval between January and June 1968. Using evidence from OGO 5 and ATS 5 as well as the data from ATS 1, it is argued that the dominant mode at ATS 1 must be the fundamental rather than the second harmonic of a standing Alfven wave. It is concluded that these transverse oscillations are more accurately associated with magnetically disturbed days than with quiet days. From 14 instances when oscillations of distinctly different periods occurred during the same time interval at ATS 1, it is also concluded that higher harmonics can exist. The period ratio in seven of the 14 cases corresponds to the simultaneous occurrence of the second harmonic with the fundamental, and four other cases could be identified as the simultaneous occurrence of the fourth harmonic with the fundamental.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 80; Sept. 1
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  • 5
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    The quiet time structure of energetic /35-560 keV/ radiation belt electrons (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Detailed Explorer 45 observations of quiet time pitch angle distributions and equatorial radial profiles of energetic radiation belt electrons are presented. The observed pitch angle distributions in the slot region and the outer regions of the plasmasphere are found to agree with the values expected from resonant interactions with the plasmaspheric whistler mode wave band, and Coulomb collisions are found to be the dominant electron loss mechanism in the inner zone. The overall structure of quiet time radial profiles is shown to agree with the equilibrium structure expected to result from a balance between pitch angle scattering losses and radial diffusion from an outer zone source, and this agreement suggests that the dominant quiet time source and loss mechanisms have been correctly identified. Electron fluxes in the inner plasmasphere are found to remain nearly constant during the quiet periods due to their decoupling from magnetic activity variations in the outer plasmasphere.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 80; Mar. 1
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  • 6
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    An alternative analysis of low- and high-altitude observations of ring current ions during a storm recovery phase (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Explorer 45 equatorial observations of ring current ions during a storm recovery phase have shown pitch angle distributions and decay rates inconsistent with proton charge exchange with neutral hydrogen. This inconsistency has led to the suggestion that recovery phase ring current ions at L less than or equal to 4 and energies not greater than 50 keV are dominated by He(+) rather than protons. The absence of He(+) on flux tubes from which H(+) and O(+) were precipitating in ion mass spectrometer measurements made during the same period by the low-altitude polar-orbiting satellite 1971-089A led Sharp et al. to suggest a source of H(+) and O(+) to L = 3 during this period. An alternative explanation, in which the magnetic field lines labeled L = 3 at the earth's surface near local midnight were mapped to about 3.7 earth radii in the equatorial plane during the storm recovery phase and during the period of enhanced activity, is proposed. If the proposed explanation is correct, the observations of Sharp et al. are not incompatible with the conclusion that the recovery phase ions at less than 50 keV were dominated by He(+) for L not greater than 3.7.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 82; June 1
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  • 7
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    Adiabatic evolution of trapped particle pitch angle distributions during a storm main phase (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Equatorial pitch angle distributions of over 200-keV ions obtained near L = 4 by Explorer 45 during a storm main phase show the development of marked minima at 90 deg pitch angle in direct association with a greater-than-a-factor-of-2 reduction in the equatorial magnetic field magnitude. The evolution of these pitch angle distributions can be quantitatively explained as a result of conservation of the first two adiabatic invariants provided the magnitude of the magnetic field decrease was approximately constant along field lines.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 82; June 1
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  • 8
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    Simultaneous observations of the proton ring current and stable auroral red arcs (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Explorer 45 observed the equatorial proton ring current in the plasmapause region and Fritz Peak Observatory observed stable auroral red (SAR) arcs on Dec. 17, 1971 during a geomagnetic storm. An estimate of energy lost from the ring current was obtained by using Explorer 45 observations of pitch angle distribution transitions which are probably due to pitch angle diffusion-driven resonant interactions with ion cyclotron waves. Estimates of the equatorial loss rate yield values greater than the required SAR arc energy input rate, and the location of the peaks in these loss rates agrees with the observed location of the arcs. It is thus concluded that this energy loss is sufficient to sustain the SAR arcs.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 81; Feb. 1
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  • 9
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    Storm-associated variations of equatorially mirroring ring current protons, 1-800 keV, at constant first adiabatic invariant (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Explorer 45 observations of ring current protons mirroring near the equator, 1-800 keV, are presented at constant first adiabatic invariant mu throughout the period of the December 17, 1971, geomagnetic storm. The parameter mu is obtained from simultaneous magnetic field and particle observations. Particle deceleration in response to the storm time magnetic field decrease causes ring current measurements viewed at constant energy to underestimate the storm time increase in proton intensities at energies not exceeding 200 keV. This adiabatic deceleration also accounts for the large flux decreases observed at energies above 200 keV during the storm, in contradiction with previous results (Soraas and Davis, 1968) obtained using a model for the storm time magnetic field.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 81; Jan. 1
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  • 10
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    Trapped particles and waves, and what can be learned from multisatellite experiments (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Calculations concerning the pitch-angle diffusion resulting from resonant wave-particle interactions can lead to definitive predictions of equatorial pitch-angle distributions and rates of particle loss as a function of particle energy and L-value. Thus, given simultaneous high-altitude measurements of pitch-angle distributions and low-altitude measurements of precipitating fluxes as a function of energy and L, the importance of proposed wave-particle interactions can be verified or discarded. Since many wave-particle phenomena occur over large spatial and temporal scales, exact simultaneity in longitude and time is not necessary. Simultaneous low and high altitude (preferably nearly equatorial) particle measurements could thus greatly increase our understanding of trapped particles and their effects on the ionosphere. Furthermore, given a verified pitch-angle diffusion mechanism and simultaneous low- and high-altitude measurements, accurate lowto high-altitude mappings of field lines and magnetospheric boundaries (such as the plasmapause) could be obtained.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: The scientific satellite programme during the International Magnetospheric Study; Jun 10, 1975 - Jun 13, 1975; Vienna; Austria
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