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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1986-12-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Raupp, M J -- Barbosa, P -- Leonhardt, B A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Dec 19;234(4783):1588-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17816509" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1986-06-13
    Description: Beetles secrete an array of chemicals generally believed to mitigate attack by predators. Methylcyclopentanoid monoterpenes secreted by larvae of the willow leaf beetle, Plagiodera versicolora, deter feeding by conspecific adults. Furthermore, the secretion elicits a strong repugnancy response in larvae of another willow herbivore, Nymphalis antiopa. Leaves bearing beetle larvae are less likely than leaves not bearing beetles to be frequented and consumed by Nymphalis larvae. Predator defense may not be the sole function of glandular secretions produced by herbivorous insects; secretions may also mediate interactions among herbivores that use a common resource.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Raupp, M J -- Milan, F R -- Barbosa, P -- Leonhardt, B A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jun 13;232(4756):1408-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17828917" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 46 (1988), S. 227-232 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: tri-trophic level interactions ; nicotine ; alkaloid ; Hyposoter annulipes ; Hymenoptera ; Ichneumonidae ; fall armyworm ; Spodoptera frugiperda ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des quantités croissantes de nicotine dans l'alimentation ont prolongé la durée du développement des chenilles saines, bien que l'effet ait chuté aux concentrations les plus élevées. Le sexe de la noctuelle n'a pas eu d'effet sur la durée du développement ou l'action de la nicotine. L'influence de la nicotine sur le poids des chrysalides est inhabituel, en ce sens que les chrysalides les plus lourdes ont été obtenues aux concentrations moyennes. Des hypothèses sont proposés sur l'origine de ce phénomène. La mortalité et la durée de développement de H. annulipes ont augmenté et le poids des adultes a diminué quand la concentration de l'aliment de l'hôte en nicotine s'est élevée. L'effet différente de la nicotine sur des générations successives a pu provenir de modifications de la toxicité de la nicotine en fonction de changements dans la qualité de l'aliment. Quoi qu'il en soit, l'augmentation de la concentration de la nicotine dans l'alimentation de l'hôte a eu un effet négatif cohérent sur la valeur adaptative de H. annulipes.
    Notes: Abstract Experiments were conducted to determine the influence of nicotine (at a range of concentrations) in the food of an herbivorous host on the development, size and survival of its parasitoid. Fall armyworms, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were reared on diets of 0, 0.025, 0.050 and 0.075% nicotine and exposed to parasitism by Hyposoter annulipes (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). As nicotine concentration increased parasitoid mortality and development time increased and adult weight decreased. Development time, pupal weight and survival were recorded for unparasitized armyworms. Unparasitized fall armyworms showed lengthened development and higher mortality but pupal weights were greatest at intermediate nicotine concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Host-parasitoid interactions ; Persistence ; Spatial heterogeneity ; Negative binomial model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Simulation models have recently been used to suggest that spatial heterogeneity, acting on small spatial scales within local populations, may allow parasitoids and other natural enemies to “regulate” host or prey populations in ways that would not be detected by conventional (k-factor) analyses of life table data. However, additional study of these models suggests that local extinction may be a frequent event in the simulated interactions. The “spreading of risk” concept appears more applicable to the simulated populations than a classical view emphasizing tight regulation around stable equilibrium points. The spreading of risk viewpoint also appears to shed additional light on questions raised in the recent debate between Dempster (1983); Hassel (1985); Dempster and Pollard (1986), concerning the modeling of spatial heterogeneity and “regulation” in temperate-zone insect populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Plant allelochemical ; parasitoids ; three trophic level interactions ; nicotine ; Manduca sexta ; Lepidoptera ; Sphingidae ; Spodoptera frugiperda ; Noctuidae ; Cotesia congregata ; Hymenoptera ; Braconidae ; Hyposoter annulipes ; Ichneumonidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Parasitoids developing within tobacco hornworms or fall army-worms exhibit significant differences in development and survival depending on whether their hosts fed on nicotine-free or nicotine-containing diets. The effects of nicotine were more severe on the relatively less adapted parasitoid,H. annulipes than the specialist parasitoid,Cotesia congregata. Labeled alkaloid originally placed in herbivore diet was incorporated in several parasitoid tissues. These results suggest that interactions between plant allelochemicals and parasitoids should be considered in the development of theory on insect herbivory and plant defense.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Plant allelochemical ; parasitoid ; three trophic level interaction ; antibiosis ; nicotine ; tobacco ; Manduca sexta ; Lepidoptera ; Sphingidae ; Cotesia congregata ; Hymenoptera ; Braconidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The significance of nicotine in the three trophic level interaction involving tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), the tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta), and the parasitoidCotesia congregata was investigated in field plots of two varieties of tobacco which had about a 10-fold difference in their nicotine content. WhileM. sexta mortality, rates of parasitism byC. congregata, and the total number ofC. congregata larvae produced per host were similar on each of the two varieties, the number of parasitoids reaching adult-hood on the low nicotine treatment was nearly twice that on the high nicotine treatment. This difference was due to the significantly greater proportion of parasitoid larvae which failed to emerge from the host or that died prior to pupation after emerging from hosts which fed on the high nicotine variety. A greater proportion of larvae from hosts which fed on the low nicotine tobacco died as pupae. No treatment differences occurred for either sex of the parasitoid in individual dry weight, longevity, or pupal development time, except that female pupal duration was prolonged in the high nicotine treatment. These results support the suggestion that plant allelochemicals, which may function to provide plant resistance against pest herbivores, can be detrimental to natural enemies of the pest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1987-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0029-8549
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1939
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1989-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0022-0477
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2745
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley on behalf of British Ecological Society.
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: The most frequent crystallographic preferred orientations developed during the progressive phase transformation of magnetite-hematite-goethite are described and analyzed in two natural samples of banded iron formations from Carajás Mineral Province. Microtextures of martitized grains containing the three phases and the microplaty matrix were analyzed in a scanning electron microscope equipped with a detector for electron backscatter diffraction. For identifying the correlation between magnetite, hematite and goethite lattice and topotaxity during transformation, multiple orientation relationships between the three phases were tested and verified using three-dimensional misorientation analysis. The results show that basal planes of goethite coincide with basal planes of hematite, which coincide with octahedral planes of magnetite. This indicates that transformation between the three minerals happens topotactically, and the oxygen lattice framework is preserved in all members of the reaction as a form of crystallographic memory. As a result of progressive and cyclical changes in oxidation/reduction conditions, an assemblage of high-order orientation relationships is observed and assigned to a complex process of transformation twinning in-between phase transformation of magnetite, hematite and goethite. In the N4WS iron ore deposit, iron oxides/hydroxides from martitized grains work as susceptible markers of environmental changes still in solid state during the diagenetic process.
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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