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  • 1
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    Past penguin colony responses to explosive volcanism on the Antarctic Peninsula (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-25
    Description: Changes in penguin populations on the Antarctic Peninsula have been linked to several environmental factors, but the potentially devastating impact of volcanic activity has not been considered. Here we use detailed biogeochemical analyses to track past penguin colony change over the last 8,500 years on Ardley Island, home to one of the Antarctic Peninsula’s largest breeding populations of gentoo penguins. The first sustained penguin colony was established on Ardley Island c. 6,700 years ago, pre-dating sub-fossil evidence of Peninsula- wide occupation by c. 1,000 years. The colony experienced five population maxima during the Holocene. Overall, we find no consistent relationships with local-regional atmospheric and ocean temperatures or sea-ice conditions, although the colony population maximum, c. 4,000–3,000 years ago, corresponds with regionally elevated temperatures. Instead, at least three of the five phases of penguin colony expansion were abruptly ended by large eruptions from the Deception Island volcano, resulting in near-complete local extinction of the colony, with, on average, 400–800 years required for sustainable recovery.
    Description: https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fncomms14914/MediaObjects/41467_2017_BFncomms14914_MOESM3080_ESM.xlsx
    Description: https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fncomms14914/MediaObjects/41467_2017_BFncomms14914_MOESM3081_ESM.xlsx
    Description: https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fncomms14914/MediaObjects/41467_2017_BFncomms14914_MOESM3082_ESM.xlsx
    Description: https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fncomms14914/MediaObjects/41467_2017_BFncomms14914_MOESM3083_ESM.xlsx
    Description: https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fncomms14914/MediaObjects/41467_2017_BFncomms14914_MOESM3084_ESM.xlsx
    Description: https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fncomms14914/MediaObjects/41467_2017_BFncomms14914_MOESM3085_ESM.xlsx
    Description: https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fncomms14914/MediaObjects/41467_2017_BFncomms14914_MOESM3086_ESM.xlsx
    Description: research
    Keywords: Biogeochemistry ; western Antarctic Peninsula ; Penguin population dynamics ; Environmental impact ; Palaeoclimate ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: English
    Type: map
    Format: 16
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 2
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    Formation Evaluation 1: Log Evaluation (1990)
    American Association of Petroleum Geologists
    In:  Tulsa, American Association of Petroleum Geologists, vol. 27, no. 16, pp. 15-17, (ISBN: 3-7643-7044-0)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990
    Keywords: Borehole geophys. ; Applied geophysics ; Data analysis / ~ processing
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 3
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    Virtual environment display for a 3D audio room simulation (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The development of a virtual environment simulation system integrating a 3D acoustic audio model with an immersive 3D visual scene is discussed. The system complements the acoustic model and is specified to: allow the listener to freely move about the space, a room of manipulable size, shape, and audio character, while interactively relocating the sound sources; reinforce the listener's feeling of telepresence in the acoustical environment with visual and proprioceptive sensations; enhance the audio with the graphic and interactive components, rather than overwhelm or reduce it; and serve as a research testbed and technology transfer demonstration. The hardware/software design of two demonstration systems, one installed and one portable, are discussed through the development of four iterative configurations.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: In: Stereoscopic displays and applications III; Proceedings of the Meeting, San Jose, CA, Feb. 12, 13, 1992 (A93-53119 23-54); p. 256-267.
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Reflectance of snow as measured in situ and from space in sub-arctic areas in Canada and Alaska (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: An effort is made to measure snow reflectance under different snow and surface conditions, as well as to improve current capabilities for measuring snow reflectance over large regions of space, on the basis of visible and near-IR measurements of clean and dirty snow near Yellowknife, Canada, using both a portable spectrometer and the Landsat TM. Similar measurements were acquired over snow-covered glaciers in Alaska. Visible reflectance of the dirty snow was 30 percent lower than for cleaner snow; the shapes of the reflectance curves were also flatter for the dirty snow. The shape of the reflectance curves and the anisotropic reflectance properties are more useful in differentiating snow type and moisture type than actual reflectances.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (ISSN 0196-2892); 30; 3, Ma
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Non-parallel effects in the instability of Long's vortex (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Asymptotic results obtained by Foster and Smith (1989) for inviscid instability modes of the Type-II Long's vortex is extended to account for the effects of finite Reynolds number. It is shown that the nonparallelism of the flow is more important than the viscous terms in determining the finite-Re behavior due to the radial velocity scales with Re exp -1 M. A critical layer of the three-layer structrue of the parallel-flow instability modes is considerably modified by radial velocity. It is found that for azimuthal wavenumber n greater than 1, the nonparallelism stabilizes the unstable inertial modes, leading to determination of neutral curves. For n less than -1, the nonparallel effects always destabilize the vortex to these helical modes.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Journal of Fluid Mechanics (ISSN 0022-1120); p. 289-306.
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Passive microwave remote and in situ measurements of Arctic and subarctic snow covers in Alaska (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Airborne and satellite passive microwave measurements acquired simultaneously with ground measurements of depth, density, and stratigraphy of the snow in central and northern Alaska between March 11 and 19, 1988, are reported. A good correspondence in brightness temperature (TB) trends between the aircraft and satellite data was found. An expected inverse correlation between depth hoar thickness and TB was not found to be strong. A persistent TB minimum in both the aircraft and the satellite data was detected along the northern foothills of the Brooks Range. In an area located at about 68 deg 60 min N, 149 deg 20 min W, the TB as recorded from the aircraft microwave sensor dropped by 55 K. Satellite microwave measurements showed a TB decrease of up to 45 K at approximately the same location. An examination of microwave satellite data from 1978 to 1987 revealed that similar low late-winter values were found in approximately the same locations as those observed in March 1988.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Remote Sensing of Environment (ISSN 0034-4257); 38; 161-172
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Ideal efficiency of propellers - Theodorsen revisited (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Theodorsen's 1948 analog evaluation of the parameters governing the ideal (friction-free) efficiency of propellers is updated and extended by computer. The results are presented both in his format and in a much more convenient one by Kramer that avoids iteration: curves of power coefficient at constant ideal efficiency are plotted vs propeller advance coefficient. The curves for a wide range of blade numbers are collapsed into just three sets (with some approximation) by use of multiple, shifted (and distorted) abscissae scales. Along with an overview of Theodorsen's theory, analytic asymptotic results at low and high advance coefficients are given. At the low end, the disagreement with actuator disk theory is given support and physical interpretation. At the high end, exact agreement is found with the thrust of a slender twisted delta propeller.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Aircraft (ISSN 0021-8669); 27; 810-819
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Stratospheric ClONO2, HCl, and HF concentration profiles derived from Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy experiment Spacelab 3 observations - An update (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Results are presented on a reanalysis and reinterpretation of solar IR absorption spectra obtained during April-May 1985 observations by the Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy instrument aboard Spacelab 3. Results yield updated volume mixing ratio profiles of ClONO2, HCl, and HF. It is shown that the updated HCl and HF results reflect changes below 30 km due to the use of smaller pressure-broadened half-widths, and that the changes in updated ClONO2 profiles are a consequence of adopting improved sets of line parameters. The new ClONO2 have an accuracy of + or - 20 percent.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 95; 20519-20
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Satellite sensor estimates of Northern Hemisphere snow volume (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: In the Northern Hemisphere the mean monthly snow-covered area ranges from about 7 percent of the land area in summer to over 40 percent in winter, thus making snow one of the most rapidly varying natural surface features. The mean monthly snow volume ranges from about 1.5 x 10 to the 16th g in summer to about 3.0 x 10 to the 18th g in winter. Currently several algorithms utilizing passive microwave brightness temperatures are available to estimate snow cover and depth. The algorithm presented here uses the difference between the 37-GHz channel and the 18-GHz channel of the SMMR on the Nimbus-7 satellite to derive estimates of snow volume. Even though satellite sensor snow records are currently too short to reveal trends, continued monitoring over about the next 10 years should make it possible to establish whether incipient or current trends are significant in the context of global climate change.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: International Journal of Remote Sensing (ISSN 0143-1161); 11; 167-171
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    Development of high-angle-of-attack nose-down pitch control margin design guidelines for combat aircraft (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: A broad research program to identify maneuvering requirements for advanced fighters and the corresponding design criteria to aid in making critical design tradeoffs is being conducted under the NASA High-Angle-of-Attack Technology Program (HATP). As part of this activity, NASA and the U.S. Navy are conducting cooperative research to develop high-angle-of-attack control margin requirements. This paper will summarize the status of this program. Following some background information, the simulation study conducted to develop a set of preliminary guidelines for nose-down pitch control is reviewed, and the results of some very limited flight tests are described.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT STABILITY AND CONTROL
    Type: NASA LaRC Workshop on Guidance, Navigation, Controls, and Dynamics for Atmospheric Flight, 1993; p 293-322
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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