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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1991-10-04
    Description: Scanning electrochemical microscopy is a scanning probe technique that is based on faradaic current changes as a small electrode is moved across the surface of a sample. The images obtained depend on the sample topography and surface reactivity. The response of the scanning electrochemical microscope is sensitive to the presence of conducting and electroactive species, which makes it useful for imaging heterogeneous surfaces. The principles and instrumentation used to obtain images and surface reaction-kinetic information are discussed, and examples of applications to the study of electrodes, minerals, and biological samples are given.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bard, A J -- Fan, F R -- Pierce, D T -- Unwin, P R -- Wipf, D O -- Zhou, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Oct 4;254(5028):68-74.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17739954" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1992-07-17
    Description: An extremely small, conically shaped Pt microelectrode tip (with a radius of 30 nanometers) and the precise positioning capabilities of the scanning electrochemical microscope were used to penetrate a thin (200 nanometers) polymer film and obtain directly the standard potential and kinetic parameters of an electrode reaction within the film. The thickness of the film was determined while it was immersed in and swollen by an electrolyte solution. The film studied was the perfluorosulfonate Nafion containing Os(bpy)(3)(2+) (bpy, 2,2'-bipyridine) cast on an indium tin oxide surface. The steady-state response at the ultramicroelectrode allowed direct determination of the rate constant for heterogeneous electron transfer K(o) and the diffusion coefficient D without complications caused by transport in the liquid phase, charge exchange at the liquid-polymer interface, and resistive drop.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mirkin, M V -- Fan, F R -- Bard, A J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jul 17;257(5068):364-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17832832" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1992-07-03
    Description: Treatment of anodized or chemically etched silicon ("porous silicon") with dilute nitric acid or persulfate solution results in weak chemiluminescence in the visible region. Concentrated nitric acid reacts violently with porous Si produced by anodization with a bright flash of light. The fact that similar reactions occur with siloxene (Si(6)H(6)O(3)) prepared from CaSi(2) suggests that the visible emission seen with porous Si can be attributed to this substance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McCord, P -- Yau, S L -- Bard, A J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jul 3;257(5066):68-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17800713" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1993-08-13
    Description: An electrooptical memory effect is observed with solid thin films of the photoconductor zinc-octakis(beta-decoxyethyl) porphyrin (ZnODEP) sandwiched between two optically transparent electrodes. Upon irradiation with the simultaneous application of an electric field, electron-hole pairs are generated and separated within the photoconductive layer. These electron-hole pairs become "frozen" within the films when the irradiation is interrupted. These trapped charges can be released by irradiation of the cell, resulting in a transient short-circuit photocurrent. No cross talk between adjacent memory elements separated by approximately 0.2 micrometer (a density of 3 gigabits per square centimeter) was detected. The charge storage system is robust and nonvolatile. The response time for the write-read beam is in the subnanosecond range, and no refreshing is required for long-term retention of trapped charges.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, C Y -- Pan, H L -- Fox, M A -- Bard, A J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Aug 13;261(5123):897-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17783737" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1994-09-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ringwald, M -- Baldock, R -- Bard, J -- Kaufman, M -- Eppig, J T -- Richardson, J E -- Nadeau, J H -- Davidson, D -- MC_U127527203/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Sep 30;265(5181):2033-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8091224" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Computer Communication Networks ; *Databases, Factual ; Embryonic and Fetal Development ; *Gene Expression ; Mice/embryology/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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