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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nerve fibers immunoreactive for substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide in the cervical spinal ventral roots of the mouse (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 273-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Substance P ; Calcitonin gene ; related peptide ; Cervical spinal nerve ; Immunohistochemistry ; Primary afferents ; Mouse (ICR)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We demonstrate the existence of nerve fibers possessing substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) immunoreactivity in the mouse cervical ventral roots. The distribution of the SP and CGRP fibers was similar, but CGRP fibers were generally more numerous. Both types entered the ventral pia mater or formed hairpin loops, but they did not enter the spinal cord directly through these roots. SP and CGRP fibers in the ventral roots were thin and had many varicosities. We suggest that these SP and CGRP fibers are involved not only in a sensory mechanism, but also in other functions, via the release of SP and CGRP from varicosities in the ventral roots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00327774
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phylogenetic study of serotonin-immunoreactive structures in the pancreas of various vertebrates (1991)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 263 (1991), S. 237-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Serotonin ; Pancreas ; Phylogenic study ; Immunohistochemistry ; Teleosts ; Chicken ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution pattern of serotonin (5HT) in the pancreas was studied immunohistochemically by using a 5HT monoclonal antibody in various vertebrates including the eel, bullfrog, South African clawed toad, turtle, chicken, mouse, rat, guinea-pig, cat, dog and human. In all species examined, except the bullfrog, 5HT-like immunoreactivity was observed in nerve fibers, in endocrine cells, or in both. Positive nerve fibers were found in the eel, turtle, mouse, rat and guinea-pig. These fibers ran mainly along the blood vessels and partly through the gap between the exocrine glands. In the eel and guinea-pig, positive fibers invaded the pancreatic islet. Occasionally, these positive fibers were found adjacent to the surface of both exocrine and endocrine cells, suggesting a regulatory role of 5HT in pancreatic function. 5HT-positive endocrine cells were observed in the pancreas of all species except for the bullfrog and rat. In the eel and in mammals such as the mouse, guinea-pig, cat, dog and human, 5HT-positive cells were mainly observed within the pancreatic islet. In the South African clawed toad, turtle and chicken, the positive cells were mainly in the exocrine region. The present study indicates that the distribution patterns of 5HT in the pancreas varies considerably among different species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318765
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glucagon-related peptides in the rat hypothalamus (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 246 (1986), S. 71-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Glucagon-related peptides ; Rat hypothalamus ; Radioimmunochemistry ; Immunohistochemistry ; Food deprivation ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunohistochemically, nerve fibers and terminals reacting with anti-N-terminal-specific but not with anti-C-terminal-specific glucagon antiserum were observed in the following rat hypothalamic regions: paraventricular nucleus, supraoptic nucleus, anterior hypothalamus, arcuate nucleus, ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus and median eminence. Few fibers and terminals were demonstrated in the lateral hypothalamic area and dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus. Radioimmunoassay data indicated that the concentration of gut glucagon-like immunoreactivity was higher in the ventromedial nucleus than in the lateral hypothalamic area. In food-deprived conditions, this concentration increased in both these parts. This was also verified in immunostained preparations in which a marked enhancement of gut glucagon-like immunoreactivity-containing fibers and terminals was observed in many hypothalamic regions. Several immunoreactive cell bodies were found in the ventromedial and arcuate nuclei of starved rats. Both biochemical and morphological data suggest that glucagon-related peptides may act as neurotransmitters or neuromodulators in the hypothalamus and may be involved in the central regulatory mechanism related to feeding behavior and energy metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219001
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  • 4
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    Endothelin: a novel peptide in the posterior pituitary system (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-01-26
    Description: Endothelin (ET), originally characterized as a 21-residue vasoconstrictor peptide from endothelial cells, is present in the porcine spinal cord and may act as a neuropeptide. Endothelin-like immunoreactivity has now been demonstrated by immunohistochemistry in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclear neurons and their terminals in the posterior pituitary of the pig and the rat. The presence of ET in the porcine hypothalamus was confirmed by reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay. Moreover, in situ hybridization demonstrated ET messenger RNA in porcine paraventricular nuclear neurons. Endothelin-like immunoreactive products in the posterior pituitary of the rat were depleted by water deprivation, suggesting a release of ET under physiological conditions. These findings indicate that ET is synthesized in the posterior pituitary system and may be involved in neurosecretory functions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yoshizawa, T -- Shinmi, O -- Giaid, A -- Yanagisawa, M -- Gibson, S J -- Kimura, S -- Uchiyama, Y -- Polak, J M -- Masaki, T -- Kanazawa, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jan 26;247(4941):462-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, University of Tsukuba, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2405487" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Endothelins ; Endothelium, Vascular ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Neurons/analysis ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/analysis ; Peptides/*analysis/genetics/metabolism ; Pituitary Gland/*analysis/metabolism ; RNA Probes ; RNA, Messenger/analysis ; Radioimmunoassay ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Supraoptic Nucleus/analysis ; Swine ; Tissue Distribution ; Water Deprivation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Perivascular microglial cells of the CNS are bone marrow-derived and present antigen in vivo (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-01-15
    Description: A crucial question in the study of immunological reactions in the central nervous system (CNS) concerns the identity of the parenchymal cells that function as the antigen-presenting cells in that organ. Rat bone marrow chimeras and encephalitogenic, major histocompatability--restricted T-helper lymphocytes were used to show that a subset of endogenous CNS cells, commonly termed "perivascular microglial cells," is bone marrow-derived. In addition, these perivascular cells are fully competent to present antigen to lymphocytes in an appropriately restricted manner. These findings are important for bone marrow transplantation and for neuroimmunological diseases such as multiple sclerosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hickey, W F -- Kimura, H -- KO7-NS0087/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jan 15;239(4837):290-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6079.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3276004" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigen-Presenting Cells/*immunology ; Astrocytes/immunology ; Bone Marrow/*immunology ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Central Nervous System/blood supply/*immunology/pathology ; Chimera ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology/pathology ; Endothelium/immunology ; Graft vs Host Disease/immunology ; Histocompatibility Antigens/analysis/immunology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Multiple Sclerosis/immunology/pathology ; Neuroglia/*immunology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Lew ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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