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  • 1
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    The mechanisms of North Atlantic CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 uptake in a large Earth System Model ensemble (2015)
    In:  EPIC3Biogeosciences, 12(14), pp. 4497-4508, ISSN: 1726-4189
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-07
    Description: The oceans currently take up around a quarter of the carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted by human activity. While stored in the ocean, this CO2 is not influencing Earth's radiation budget; the ocean CO2 sink therefore plays an important role in mitigating global warming. CO2 uptake by the oceans is heterogeneous, with the subpolar North Atlantic being the strongest CO2 sink region. Observations over the last 2 decades have indicated that CO2 uptake by the subpolar North Atlantic sink can vary rapidly. Given the importance of this sink and its apparent variability, it is critical that we understand the mechanisms behind its operation. Here we explore the combined natural and anthropogenic subpolar North Atlantic CO2 uptake across a large ensemble of Earth System Model simulations, and find that models show a peak in sink strength around the middle of the century after which CO2 uptake begins to decline. We identify different drivers of change on interannual and multidecadal timescales. Short-term variability appears to be driven by fluctuations in regional seawater temperature and alkalinity, whereas the longer-term evolution throughout the coming century is largely occurring through a counterintuitive response to rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations. At high atmospheric CO2 concentrations the contrasting Revelle factors between the low latitude water and the subpolar gyre, combined with the transport of surface waters from the low latitudes to the subpolar gyre, means that the subpolar CO2 uptake capacity is largely satisfied from its southern boundary rather than through air–sea CO2 flux. Our findings indicate that: (i) we can explain the mechanisms of subpolar North Atlantic CO2 uptake variability across a broad range of Earth System Models; (ii) a focus on understanding the mechanisms behind contemporary variability may not directly tell us about how the sink will change in the future; (iii) to identify long-term change in the North Atlantic CO2 sink we should focus observational resources on monitoring lower latitude as well as the subpolar seawater CO2; (iv) recent observations of a weakening subpolar North Atlantic CO2 sink may suggest that the sink strength has peaked and is in long-term decline.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    New insights into the use of stable water isotopes at the northern Antarctic Peninsula as a tool for regional climate studies (2018)
    COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
    In:  EPIC3Cryosphere, COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH, 12, pp. 1069-1090, ISSN: 1994-0416
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-09-11
    Description: The Antarctic Peninsula is one of the most challenging regions of Antarctica from a climatological perspective, owing to the recent atmospheric and oceanic warming. The steep topography and a lack of long–term and in situ meteorological observations complicate extrapolation of existing climate models to the sub-regional scale. Here, we present new evidence from the northern Antarctic Peninsula to demonstrate how stable water isotopes of firn cores and recent precipitation samples can reveal climatic processes related to nearby oceanic and atmospheric conditions. A noticeable effect of the sea ice cover on local temperatures and atmospheric modes, in particular the Southern Annular Mode (SAM), is demonstrated. In years with large sea ice extension in winter (negative SAM anomaly), an inversion layer in the lower troposphere develops at the coastal zone. Therefore, an isotope–temperature relationship valid for all seasons cannot be concluded. The d–T. relationship rather depends on seasonal variability of oceanic conditions. Transitional seasons (autumn and spring) are both stable seasons with an isotope–temperature gradient of +0.69‰ °C-1. The firn stable isotope composition reveals that the near–surface temperature at the most northern portion of the Antarctic Peninsula shows a decreasing trend (-0.33°C y-1) between 2008 and 2014. Moreover, the deuterium excess (dexcess) has been demonstrated to be a reliable indicator of seasonal oceanic conditions, and therefore suitable to improve a firn age model based on seasonal dexcess variability. The annual accumulation rate in this region is highly variable, ranging between 1060 kg m-2 y-1 and 2470 kg m-2 y-1 from 2008 to 2014. The combination of isotopic and meteorological data is a key for reconstructing climatic conditions with a high temporal resolution in polar regions where no direct observations exist.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proton and carbon-13 NMR investigation of xanthan gum (1983)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 16 (1983), S. 816-819 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00239a018
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of intramolecular vibrational-energy redistribution (IVR). IV. Excess energy dependence, t-stilbene (1985)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 82 (1985), S. 3003-3010 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The results of picosecond time-resolved measurements of intramolecular vibrational-energy redistribution (IVR) in jet-cooled t-stilbene are presented. The results show that the changes in the nature of IVR that were found to occur with increasing energy in anthracene also occur in t-stilbene. In particular, at intermediate energies a number of different excitations give rise to phase-shifted quantum beats in fluorescence decays, indicating restricted IVR in the molecule. At higher energies decay behavior characteristic of dissipative IVR is observed. These results are compared with those of anthracene and are discussed in terms of molecular symmetry and vibrational density of states. The results suggest the generality of the conclusions about large molecule IVR that have been stated in the other papers of this series.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.448249
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stieltjes series and soliton interaction (1982)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 1 (1982), S. 311-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract TheKdV andMkdV multisoliton solutions are found to be generated by rational Stieltjes functions of the non-linearity parameter, each pole of which can be associated with a soliton. The well-known asymptotic emergence of the separate solitons follows at once from the motion of the poles. Successive (n-1/n) Padé approximants to theN-soliton series are considered to show how the solitons are reconstructed from an increasing number of perturbation terms (n ≤N). Their asymptotic behaviour is particularly striking: as time increases the behaviour of then th approximation becomes that of an actualn-soliton solution, constituted by then leading solitons. Furthermore, it turns out that each such Padé approximation satisfies a conservation law: the mass of the approximated solution, equal to that of then solitons included, is conserved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599015
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gel permeation chromatography of the xanthan gum using a light scattering detector (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 7 (1982), S. 185-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary This work gives the first gel permeation chromatogramms obtained on native xanthan using a refractometric and a light scattering detectors. Results of molecular weights distribution analysis give a polydispersity 1.2 for the native polymer and 1.7 for enzymic partially degraded polymer. The experimental conditions and chromatogramms interpretation are briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255313
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pade approximants and closed form solutions of the KdV and MKdV equations (1980)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 5 (1980), S. 147-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The closed form solutions of the Kortewegde Vries (KdV) and modified MKdV equations which are obtainable by inverse scattering or Hirota's method are found to be Pade approximants to the formal series which results from iterating particular solutions of the linearized equation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01576195
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solitons and poles in the nonlinearity parameter (1981)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 10 (1981), S. 357-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The KdVN-soliton solutions are analysed in terms of the perturbation parameter λ which governs the nonlinearity. They are generated by rational Stieltjes functionsQ (N) (λ), each pole of which can be associated with a soliton. The asymptotic emergence of the separate solitons follows at once from the motion of the poles along the negative real λ-axis. Successive diagonal Padé approximants ofQ (N) (λ) are considered. They provide a class of approximate solutions with a striking semisoliton like behaviour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01546208
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  • 9
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    Proton and carbon-13 NMR investigation of xanthan gum (1983)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0024-9297
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5835
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Published by American Chemical Society
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  • 10
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    Quasiparticle recombination in hotspots in superconducting current-carrying nanowires (2015)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-08
    Description: Author(s): A. G. Kozorezov, C. Lambert, F. Marsili, M. J. Stevens, V. B. Verma, J. A. Stern, R. Horansky, S. Dyer, S. Duff, D. P. Pappas, A. Lita, M. D. Shaw, R. P. Mirin, and Sae Woo Nam We describe a kinetic model of recombination of nonequilibrium quasiparticles generated by single photon absorption in superconducting current-carrying nanowires. The model is developed to interpret two-photon detection experiments in which a single photon does not possess sufficient energy for brea… [Phys. Rev. B 92, 064504] Published Thu Aug 06, 2015
    Keywords: Superfluidity and superconductivity
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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