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  • 1
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    On the validation of K-index values at Italian geomagnetic observatories (2020)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-04-03
    Description: The local K index and the consequent global Kp index are well-established 3 h range indices used to characterize geomagnetic activity. The K index is one of the parameters that INTERMAGNET observatories can provide, and it has been widely used for several decades, although many other activity indices have been proposed in the meanwhile. The method for determining the K values has to be the same for all observatories. The INTERMAGNET consortium recommends the use of one of the four methods endorsed by the International Service of Geomagnetic Indices (ISGI) in close cooperation and agreement with the ad hoc working group of the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA). INTERMAGNET provides the software code KASM, designed for an automatic calculation of the K index according to the adaptive smoothed method. K values should be independent of the local dynamic response, and therefore for their determination each observatory has its own specific scale regulated by the L9 lower limit, which represents the main input parameter for KASM. The determination of an appropriate L9 value for any geomagnetic observatory is then fundamental. In this work we statistically analyze the K values estimated by means of KASM code for the Italian geomagnetic observatories of Duronia (corrected geomagnetic latitude λ∼36∘ N) and Lampedusa (λ∼28∘ N) by comparing them with the German observatories of Wingst and Niemegk. Our comparative analysis is finalized to establish the best estimation of the L9 lower limit for these two stations. A comparison of L9 lower limits found for the Italian observatories with results from a previous empirical method was also applied and used to verify the consistency and reliability of our outcomes.
    Print ISSN: 2193-0856
    Electronic ISSN: 2193-0864
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 2
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    Geomagnetic Activity at Lampedusa Island: Characterization and Comparison with the Other Italian Observatories, Also in Response to Space Weather Events (2021)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-08-06
    Description: Regular automatic recordings of the time series of the magnetic field, together with routine manual absolute measurements for establishing dynamic baselines at Lampedusa Island—south of Sicily—Italy (geographic coordinates 35°31′N; 12°32′E, altitude 33 m a.s.l.), show a signature of very low electromagnetic noise. The observatory (provisional IAGA code: LMP) lays inside a restricted and remote wildlife reserve, far away from the built-up and active areas of the island, which at present is the southernmost location of the European territory for such observations. The availability of high-quality data from such site, whose survey started in 2005, is valuable for filling the spatial gap due to the lack of observatories in the whole south Mediterranean and North African sectors. We compare observations at Lampedusa, in both time and frequency domains, with those at the other Italian observatories (Castello Tesino and Duronia-L’Aquila), operating since the 1960s of last century, allowing us to report even the secular variation. Using data recorded in the last few years, we investigate higher frequency variations (from diurnal to Pc3-4 pulsations) in order to magnetically characterize the Italian territory and the local response to external forcing. In particular, we present a characterization in terms of diurnal variation and its seasonal dependence for the three observatories. This latter feature is in good agreement with a geomagnetic Sq-model, leading us to speculate about the position of the north Sq-current system vortex and its seasonal displacement with respect to the geographic positions of the observatories. We also study the geomagnetic individual response to intense space weather events by performing Superposed Epoch Analysis (SEA), with an ad-hoc significance test. Magnetic responses in the Ultra Low Frequency range (ULF) from spectral, local Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) analyses under different local time, and polarization rates are computed. These latter studies lead us to search for possible signatures of magnetic field line resonances during intense space weather events, using cross-phase multi-observatory analysis, revealing the promising detection capability of such technique even at low latitudes. The geomagnetic observatories prove to be important points of observation for space weather events occurring at different spatial and time scales, originating in both upstream and ionospheric regions, here analyzed by several well-established methodologies and techniques. The quiet environmental site of LMP, providing high-quality geomagnetic data, allows us such investigations even at inner Earth’s magnetospheric shell.
    Electronic ISSN: 2072-4292
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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  • 3
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    La formazione del Personale delle Sale Operative INGV (2021)
    Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-20
    Description: La continua attività di formazione del personale a tempo indeterminato e determinato coinvolto nelle attività di sorveglianza H24 all’Osservatorio Etneo (OE), all’Osservatorio Nazionale Terremoti (ONT) e all’Osservatorio Vesuviano (OV), costituisce uno degli obiettivi istituzionali dell’Ente. Per questa ragione, le attività formative previste devono essere necessariamente coerenti sia con gli obiettivi istituzionali rappresentati dal Piano Triennale delle Attività, sia con le finalità concordate nell’Accordo Quadro con il Dipartimento della Protezione Civile (DPC). L’attività formativa nell’ambito dei servizi di sorveglianza riveste, dunque, una specifica rilevanza strategica in continua evoluzione, anche alla luce dell’aggiornamento delle procedure e dello sviluppo tecnologico in atto nelle Sale Operative dell’OE, dell’ONT e dell’OV. Nell’ambito del progetto “S.O.I.R. monitoraggio futuro”, sono stati progettati e realizzati dei corsi di formazione e aggiornamento per il personale operante nelle tre Sale Operative con l’obiettivo principale di i) consolidare il livello delle conoscenze di base; ii) migliorare l’interazione tra le Sale; iii) standardizzare e ottimizzare le procedure e iv) approfondire la conoscenza dei nuovi parametri che, nell’ambito del presente progetto, saranno introdotti nelle Sale Operative (geomagnetici, ionosferici, da osservatori sottomarini, geochimici, ecc.).
    Description: Published
    Description: 145-149
    Description: 1TM. Formazione
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    The location of the Earth's magnetic poles from circum‐terrestrial observations (2021)
    Wiley Agu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-23
    Description: The magnetic poles or dip poles are the points on the Earth's surface and circum‐terrestrial area where the magnetic field is vertical, so the horizontal component vanishes. They are not coincident with geomagnetic poles, which are the points where the dipole axis, obtained by analytic models, intersects the Earth's surface, and their instrumental sampling determination from ad hoc ground surveys is difficult due to the harsh environmental conditions and remoteness of the areas where they are located. In this work, we use magnetic field measurements from ESA's Swarm satellites covering 5 years (2015‐2019), and determine the position of the magnetic poles by modelling the yearly average horizontal magnetic field component through analytic 2D Taylor polynomial fit and finding the locations where this component is minimum. The yearly dip poles positions at average satellites geocentric altitudes are also projected at ground level based on WGS84 geodetic reference system. Reliability of our method is evaluated by an optimized Monte Carlo test applied to combined IGRF model and Swarm data. The availability of several years of data allows us to investigate the long term variation and dynamics of the magnetic poles, also in comparison with the results provided by IGRF model (both IGRF12 and IGRF13). Our results agree with the model, in better accordance in the north hemisphere with IGRF13, indicating that both magnetic poles move in the north‐west direction, with a speed of ∼37‐72 km/y (lower in year 2016) for the north dip pole and of ∼5‐9 km/y for the south one.
    Description: Published
    Description: e2020JA028513
    Description: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Magnetic poles location ; Swarm satellites ; Magnetic poles drift ; Magnetic anomalies ; Antarctic and Arctic polar regions ; Monte Carlo test ; 04.05. Geomagnetism ; 05.01. Computational geophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
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    “A view from geomagnetic observation points along the 80°S parallel in Antarctica” (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-02
    Description: Contributions to the knowledge of the Earth’s magnetism from polar regions is extremely important to understand themagnetospheric dynamics because local field lines reach extreme magnetospheric regions where the interactions with the solar wind occurs.The Earth’s magnetic field shows temporal variations which go from seconds to hundreds of thousands of years.We study low frequency fluctuations(approximately in the Pc5 range, ~1-7 mHz). INGV has a consolidatedexperience inAntarctic research activitiesand in management of permanent geomagnetic observatories as Mario Zucchelli (MZS, at Terra Nova Bay)and Concordia (DMC, at DomeC) stations, as well as temporary installations as Talos Dome (TLD),installed during 2007-2008 Antarctic campaign and working for a few months.The availability of simultaneous measurements from MZS, TLD andSBA (Scott Base), allows to make an interesting comparison in that the three stations are located approximately at the same geomagnetic latitude (~ 80°S), with approximately 2 hours total displacement in magnetic local time. This location is particularly useful to study the signal propagation in the azimuthal direction.We review the results obtained so far from the analysis of diurnal variation, coherence, power and propagation direction of Pc5 pulsations observed along the 80°S geomagnetic parallel, underlying the importance of such observational point, in anticipation of the future installation of a new geomagnetic station at TLD.
    Description: Published
    Description: Davos
    Description: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Keywords: geomagnetism
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 6
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    On the validation of K index values at Italian geomagnetic observatories (2020)
    EGU - Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-09-07
    Description: Local K index and the consequent global Kp index are well established three-hour range indices used to characterize the geomagnetic activity. K index is one of the parameters which INTERMAGNET observatories can provide and it’s widely used since several decades, although many other activity indices have been proposed in the meanwhile. The method for determining the K values has to be the same for all observatories. INTERMAGNET consortium recommends the use of one of the 4 methods endorsed by the International Service of Geomagnetic Indices ( ISGI) in close cooperation and agreement with the ad-hoc working group of International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA). INTERMAGNET provides the software code KASM, designed for an automatic calculation of K index according to the Adaptive Smoothed method. K values should be independent on the local dynamic response, therefore for their determination each observatory has its own specific scale regulated by the L9 lower limit, which represents the main input parameter for KASM. The determination of an appropriate L9 value for any geomagnetic observatory is then fundamental. In this work we statistically analyze the K values estimated by means of KASM code for the Italian geomagnetic observatories of Duronia (corrected geomagnetic latitude λ~36° N) and Lampedusa (λ~28° N) comparing them with the German observatories of Wingst and Niemegk. Our comparative analysis is finalized to establish the best estimation of the L9 lower limit for these two stations. A comparison of L9 lower limits found for the Italian observatories with results from a previous empirical method was also applied and used to verify the consistency and reliability of our outcomes.
    Description: Published
    Description: 105–115
    Description: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 04.05. Geomagnetism
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 7
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    InSEA Project: Initiatives in Supporting the consolidation and enhancement of the EMSO infrastructure and related Activities (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-04-06
    Description: The observation of the phenomena occurring on our planet was in the past based mainly on ground monitoring with both temporal and spatial approaches. On the other hand, in the part covered by the oceans until a few years ago the monitoring was carried out through discrete measurement campaigns in time and space with the disadvantage of not having information on the variability of oceanic processes. Only more recently, since the 90s of the last century, technology has allowed the installation of multidisciplinary systems on the seabed for long periods (years), even at great depths (thousands of meters). From the circumscribed campaigns in space and time, we have therefore moved on to the installation of observatories on the seabed, to record in a continuous way the physical and chemical parameters, in order to know the state of the oceans and of the whole planet. This produces two advantages: A spatial improvement of the observations, because they extend from land to the 1. previously less known and more extensive part of the planet, i.e. the oceans that cover seventenths of the Earth’s surface; A scientific improvement, because the oceans represent a fundamental element in the 2. processes at the base of the Earth’s climate, whose knowledge on large time scales makes it possible to understand the future evolution of these processes [e.g. Favali et al., 2015].
    Description: Published
    Description: Rome
    Description: 6IT. Osservatori non satellitari
    Keywords: Marine Infrastructure ; Seafloor Observatory ; Ocean Bottom Seismometer ; Multidisciplinary Seafloor Observation Station ; 05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 8
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    The longitudinal polar cusp displacement from geomagnetic measurements in Antarctica (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-01-30
    Description: We used ULF geomagnetic field measurements in the Pc5 frequency range (1.7−7 mHz) at two Antarctic stations to statistically investigate the longitudinal location of the polar cusp. The two stations are located at the same geomagnetic latitude, ~80° S (just poleward of the cusp), and are separated by one hour in magnetic local time. Since at each station the Pc5 power maximizes when the station approaches the cusp, the comparison between their Pc5 power allows to estimate the longitudinal position of the cusp and to examine its movements. We found that there is a displacement of the cusp depending on interplanetary conditions; in particular, the cusp shifts to later hours for negative values of the interplanetary magnetic field and solar wind velocity east−west components (By and Vy), while moves to earlier hours for positive values of Vy. Conversely, no dependence of the cusp longitudinal position on positive By values nor on the interplanetary magnetic field north−south component (Bz) emerges.
    Description: Published
    Description: Gm 446
    Description: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: magnetosphere ; polar cusp ; 01.03. Magnetosphere
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 9
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    Geomagnetic Activity at Lampedusa Island: Characterization and Comparison with the Other Italian Observatories, Also in Response to Space Weather Events (2021)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-08-30
    Description: Regular automatic recordings of the time series of the magnetic field, together with routine manual absolute measurements for establishing dynamic baselines at Lampedusa Island—south of Sicily—Italy (geographic coordinates 35°31′N; 12°32′E, altitude 33 m a.s.l.), show a signature of very low electromagnetic noise. The observatory (provisional IAGA code: LMP) lays inside a restricted and remote wildlife reserve, far away from the built-up and active areas of the island, which at present is the southernmost location of the European territory for such observations. The availability of high-quality data from such site, whose survey started in 2005, is valuable for filling the spatial gap due to the lack of observatories in the whole south Mediterranean and North African sectors. We compare observations at Lampedusa, in both time and frequency domains, with those at the other Italian observatories (Castello Tesino and Duronia-L’Aquila), operating since the 1960s of last century, allowing us to report even the secular variation. Using data recorded in the last few years, we investigate higher frequency variations (from diurnal to Pc3-4 pulsations) in order to magnetically characterize the Italian territory and the local response to external forcing. In particular, we present a characterization in terms of diurnal variation and its seasonal dependence for the three observatories. This latter feature is in good agreement with a geomagnetic Sq-model, leading us to speculate about the position of the north Sq-current system vortex and its seasonal displacement with respect to the geographic positions of the observatories. We also study the geomagnetic individual response to intense space weather events by performing Superposed Epoch Analysis (SEA), with an ad-hoc significance test. Magnetic responses in the Ultra Low Frequency range (ULF) from spectral, local Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) analyses under different local time, and polarization rates are computed. These latter studies lead us to search for possible signatures of magnetic field line resonances during intense space weather events, using cross-phase multi-observatory analysis, revealing the promising detection capability of such technique even at low latitudes. The geomagnetic observatories prove to be important points of observation for space weather events occurring at different spatial and time scales, originating in both upstream and ionospheric regions, here analyzed by several well-established methodologies and techniques. The quiet environmental site of LMP, providing high-quality geomagnetic data, allows us such investigations even at inner Earth’s magnetospheric shell.
    Description: This work is supported by INGV-MUR Project Pianeta Dinamico—The Working Earth (CUP D53J19000170001), theme 3 SERENA, https://progetti.ingv.it/it/pianeta-dinamico, accessed on 4 August 2021.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3111
    Description: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Secular variation ; Space Weather ; Field Line Resonance ; ULF waves ; Sun-Earth interaction ; 04.05. Geomagnetism ; 01.03. Magnetosphere
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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