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  • 1
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    First report of penguins nesting on Isla Floreana (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/6816 | 704 | 2011-09-29 13:05:31 | 6816 | Fundacion Charles Darwin Foundation
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: Penguin Fund (Japan)
    Description: Latin American Institute, University of New Mexico
    Description: Galapagos National Park Service
    Keywords: Biology ; Conservation ; Galapagos penguin ; Spheniscus mendiculus ; census ; nesting ; Isla Floreana ; Galápagos
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 30-32
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  • 2
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    Environmental characterization of seasonal trends and foraging habitat of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in northern Gulf of Mexico bays (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8769 | 403 | 2014-01-02 19:15:32 | 8769 | United States National Marine Fisheries Service
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: A description of the foraging habitat of a cetacean species is critical for conservation and effective management. We used a fine-scale microhabitat approach to examine patterns in bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) foraging distribution in relation to dissolved oxygen, turbidity,salinity, water depth, water temperature, and distance from shore measurements in a highly turbid estuary on the northern Gulf of Mexico. In general, environmental variation in the Barataria Basin marine environmentcomprises three primary axes of variability (i.e., factors: temperature and dissolved oxygen, salinity and turbidity, and distance and depth) that represent seasonal, spatial-seasonal, and spatial scales, respectively. Foraging sites were differentiated from nonforaging sites by significantdifferences among group size, temperature, turbidity, and season. Habitat selection analysis on individual variables indicated that foraging was more frequently observed in waters 4–6 m deep, 200–500 m from shore, and at salinity values of around 20 psu. This fine-scale and multivariateapproach represents a useful method of exploring the complexity, gradation, and detail of the relationshipsbetween environmental variables and the foraging distribution patterns of bottlenose dolphin.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 79-86
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  • 3
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    Effects of trawling for ocean shrimp (Pandalus jordani) on macroinvertebrate abundance and diversity at four sites near Nehalem Bank, Oregon (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8764 | 403 | 2012-06-11 18:31:47 | 8764 | United States National Marine Fisheries Service
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-26
    Description: Surveys with a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) at four mudhabitat sites with different histories of ocean shrimp (Pandalus jordani) trawling showed measurable effects oftrawling on macroinvertebrate abundance and diversity. Densities of the sea whip (Halipteris spp., P〈0.01), the flat mud star (Luidia foliolata, P〈 0.001), unidentified Asteroidea (P〈0.05), and squat lobsters (unidentifiedGalathoidea, P〈0.001) were lower at heavily trawled (HT) sites, as was invertebrate diversity based on theShannon-Wiener index. Sea cucumbers (unidentified Holothuroidea) and unidentified corals (Hydrocoralia)were observed at lightly trawled (LT) sites but not at HT sites. Hagfish (Eptatretus spp.) burrows were the dominant structural feature of the sediment surface at all sites andwere more abundant at the HT sites (P〈0.05), a result potentially related to effects from fishery discards. Substantial heterogeneity was found between the northern and southern site pairs, indicating high site-to-sitevariability in macroinvertebrate densities in these deep (146–156 m) mud habitats. Two of the study sites wereclosed to trawling in June 2006. The data from this study can be used in combination with future surveys to measure recovery rates of deep, mud, seaf loor habitats from the effects of trawling, thus providing a critical piece of information for ecosystem-based management.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
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    Format: 30-38
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  • 4
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    Diets of and trophic relationships among dominant marine nekton within the northern California Current ecosystem (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8869 | 403 | 2014-01-02 19:23:06 | 8869 | United States National Marine Fisheries Service
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: In this study we analyzed the diets of 26 nekton species collected from two years (2000 and 2002) off Oregon and northern California to describe dominant nekton trophicgroups of the northern California Current (NCC) pelagic ecosystem. We also examined interannual variation in thediets of three nekton species. Cluster analysis of predator diets resulted in nekton trophic groups based on theconsumption of copepods, euphausiids, brachyuran larvae, larval juvenile fishes, and adult nekton. However, many fish within trophic groups consumed prey from multipletrophic levels—euphausiids being the most widely consumed. Comparison of diets between years showed that mostvariation occurred with changes in the contribution of euphausiids and brachyuran larvae to nekton diets. The importance of euphausiids and other crustacean prey to nekton indicates that omnivory is an important characteristic of the NCC food web; however it may change during periods of lower or higher upwelling and ecosystem production.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 548-559
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  • 5
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    NMFS / Interagency Working Group Evaluation of CITES Criteria and Guidelines. (2021)
    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service | Silver Spring, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8954 | 403 | 2012-07-02 15:05:17 | 8954 | United States National Marine Fisheries Service
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-29
    Description: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: At present, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) criteria used to assess whether a population qualifies for inclusion in the CITES Appendices relate to (A) size of the population, (B) area of distribution of the population, and (C) declines in the size of the population. Numeric guidelines are provided as indicators of a small population (less than 5,000 individuals), a small subpopulation (less than 500 individuals), a restricted area of distribution for a population (less than 10,000 km2), a restricted area of distribution for a subpopula-tion (less than 500 km2), a high rate of decline (a decrease of 50% or more in total within 5 years or two generations whichever is longer or, for a small wild population, a decline of 20% or more in total within ten years or three generations whichever is longer), large fluctuations (population size or area of distribution varies widely, rapidly and frequently, with a variation greater than one order of magnitude), and a short-term fluctuation (one of two years or less).The Working Group discussed several broad issues of relevance to the CITES criteria and guidelines. These included the importance of the historical extent of decline versus the recent rate of decline; the utility and validity of incorporating relative population productivity into decline criteria; the utility of absolute numbers for defining small populations or small areas; the appropriateness of generation times as time frames for examining declines; the importance of the magnitude and frequency of fluctuations as factors affecting risk of extinction; and the overall utility of numeric thresh-olds or guidelines.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 70
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  • 6
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    Caribbean corals in crisis: record thermal stress, bleaching, and mortality in 2005 (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/11305 | 9 | 2020-10-12 13:47:59 | 11305 | Central Caribbean Marine Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-01
    Description: Background:The rising temperature of the world’s oceans has become a major threat to coral reefs globally as the severityand frequency of mass coral bleaching and mortality events increase. In 2005, high ocean temperatures in the tropicalAtlantic and Caribbean resulted in the most severe bleaching event ever recorded in the basin.Methodology/Principal Findings:Satellite-based tools provided warnings for coral reef managers and scientists, guiding both the timing and location of researchers’ field observations as anomalously warm conditions developed and spread across the greater Caribbean region from June to October 2005. Field surveys of bleaching and mortality exceeded prior efforts in detail and extent, and provided a new standard for documenting the effects of bleaching and for testing nowcast and forecast products. Collaborators from 22 countries undertook the most comprehensive documentation of basin-scale bleaching to date and found that over 80% of corals bleached and over 40% died at many sites. The most severe bleaching coincided with waters nearest a western Atlantic warm pool that was centered off the northern end of the Lesser Antilles.Conclusions/Significance:Thermal stress during the 2005 event exceeded any observed from the Caribbean in the prior 20 years, and regionally-averaged temperatures were the warmest in over 150 years. Comparison of satellite data against field surveys demonstrated a significant predictive relationship between accumulated heat stress (measured using NOAA CoralReef Watch’s Degree Heating Weeks) and bleaching intensity. This severe, widespread bleaching and mortality willundoubtedly have long-term consequences for reef ecosystems and suggests a troubled future for tropical marine ecosystems under a warming climate
    Description: NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program
    Description: Article Nr: e13969
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Environment ; Fisheries ; Caribbean Sea ; coral reefs ; bleaching ; climate change ; temperature effects ; CCMI
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 1-9
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  • 7
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    Juvenile salmonid distribution, growth, condition, origin, and environmental and species associations in the Northern California Current (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/15029 | 403 | 2014-06-01 19:05:23 | 15029 | United States National Marine Fisheries Service
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-01
    Description: Information is summarized on juvenile salmonid distribution, size, condition, growth, stock origin, andspecies and environmental associations from June and August 2000 GLOBEC cruises with particular emphasis on differences related to the regions north and south of Cape Blanco off Southern Oregon. Juvenile salmon were more abundant during the August cruise as compared to the June cruise and weremainly distributed northward from Cape Blanco. There were distinct differences in distribution patterns betweensalmon species: chinook salmon were found close inshore in cooler water all along the coast and coho salmon wererarely found south of Cape Blanco. Distance offshore and temperature were the dominant explanatory variables related to coho and chinook salmon distribution. The nekton assemblages differed significantly between cruises. The June cruise was dominated by juvenile rockfishes, rex sole, and sablefish, which were almost completely absent in August. The forage fish community during June comprised Pacific herring and whitebait smelt north of Cape Blanco and surf smelt south of Cape Blanco. The fish community in August was dominated by Pacific sardines and highly migratory pelagic species. Estimated growth rates of juvenile coho salmon were higher in the GLOBEC study area than in areas farther north. An unusually high percentage of coho salmon in the study area were precocious males. Significant differences in growth and condition of juvenile coho salmon indicated different oceanographic environments north and south of Cape Blanco. The condition index was higher in juvenile coho salmon to the north but no significant differences were found for yearling chinook salmon. Genetic mixed stock analysis indicated that during June, most of the Chinook salmon in our sample originated from rivers along the central coast of Oregon. In August, chinook salmon sampled south of Cape Blanco were largely from southern Oregon and northern California; whereas most chinook salmon north of Cape Blanco were from the Central Valley in California.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 24-46
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  • 8
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    Unnatural selection in Galapagos : the role of disease in Darwin’s Finches (Geospizinae) (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/21478 | 18060 | 2017-06-19 20:56:37 | 21478 | Fundacion Charles Darwin Foundation
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: Micro-evolutionary studies, such as those of Darwin’s finches (Geospizinae), have been used as indicators of rates of evolution under natural selection. Today however, such studies may be compromised by unnatural selection. Recently introduced infectious and parasitic agents in Galapagos may hamper our ability to monitor natural evolutionary change in endemic birds, by modifying such change. The opportunity to study natural selection in its iconic site may thus be lost, due to these and other forms of human environmental alteration, which may be replacing non-anthropogenic factors as the principal driver of evolution. To ensure that natural selection continues to shape the biota of Galapagos, anthropogenic impacts including introduced diseases must be managed effectively.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Management ; parasites ; pathogens ; human impact ; diseases
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 62-64
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  • 9
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    An updated checklist of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) of the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/21467 | 18060 | 2017-06-17 12:01:16 | 21467 | Fundacion Charles Darwin Foundation
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: The information available on Coccoidea in the Galapagos Islands is sparse. Data on the species present, their distribution and host plants were compiled using recent information at the Charles Darwin Research Station and from the literature. Up to January 2008, 80 species from eight families were reported, more than doubling the total known in 2001. Of the 63 species whose origin has been determined, 50 are believed to have been introduced inadvertently on plants, fruits or vegetables, nine are endemic and four more are thought to be native. The low number of endemic and native species suggests that scale insects have been poor at reaching the islands naturally.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 3-7
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  • 10
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    Shark attacks off the California and Oregon coast: an update, 1980-84 (2021)
    California Department of Fish and Game, Marine Resources Branch | Monterey, CA
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/483 | 8 | 2020-08-24 03:46:36 | 483 | California Department of Fish and Game
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-30
    Description: In 1981 Miller and Collier reported on 47 unprovoked shark attacks which had taken place off California and Oregon from July 1926 to November 1979.Since that date, 12 shark attacks involving humans havetaken place: two in 1980, one in 1981, four in 1982,one in 1983, and four in 1984. Encompassed in these 12attacks were: six surfers, three skin divers, one paddleboarder, one scuba diver, and one swimmer. In ten ofthe twelve attacks the white shark was the species ofimplication. by geographic area: one attack occurredoff southern California, four off central California,four off northern California, and three off Oregon. (Document has 22 pages)
    Keywords: Education ; Biology ; shark attack ; California ; Oregon
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
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