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  • 1
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    Stochastic models for radon daily time series: seasonality, stationarity, and long-range memory detection (2020)
    Frontiers
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-12
    Description: This paper detects the presence of seasonality, stationarity, and long-range memory structures in daily radon measurements in a permanent monitoring station in central Italy. The transient dynamics and the seasonality structure are identified by power spectral analysis based on the continuous wavelet transformation and a clear 1-year periodicity emerges. The stationarity in the data is assessed with the Dickey-Fuller test; the decay of the estimated autocorrelation function and the estimated Hurst exponent indicate the presence of long-range dependence. All the main characteristics of the data have been properly included in a modelling structure. In particular, an autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average (ARFIMA) model is estimated and compared with the classical ARMA and ARIMA models in terms of goodness of fit and, secondarily, of forecast evaluation. An autoregressive model with a non-integer value of the differencing parameter ($d=0.278$) resulted to be the most appropriate on the basis of Akaike Information Criterion, the diagnostic on the residuals, and the Root Mean Squared Error. The results suggest that there is statistically-significant evidence for not rejecting the presence of long memory in the radon concentration. The radon measurements are better characterised as being stationary, but with long memory and so the statistical dependence decays more slowly than an exponential decay.
    Description: Published
    Description: id 575001
    Description: 7T. Variazioni delle caratteristiche crostali e precursori sismici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Localized Afterslip at Geometrical Complexities Revealed by InSAR After the 2016 Central Italy Seismic Sequence (2021)
    Wiley Agu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-18
    Description: The Mw 6.5 Norcia earthquake occurred on 30 October 2016, along the Mt Vettore fault (Central Apennines, Italy), it was the largest earthquake of the 2016–2017 seismic sequence that started 2 months earlier with the Mw 6.0 Amatrice earthquake (24 August). To detect potential slow slip during the sequence, we produced Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) time series using 12‐ to 6‐day repeat cycles of Sentinel‐1A/1B images. Time series indicates that centimeter‐scale surface displacements took place during the 10 weeks following the Norcia earthquake. Two areas of subsidence are detected: one in the Castelluccio basin (hanging wall of the Mt Vettore fault) and one in the southern extent of the Norcia earthquake surface rupture, near an inherited thrust. Poroelastic and viscoelastic models are unable to explain these displacements. In the Castelluccio basin, the displacement reaches 13.2 ± 1.4 mm in the ascending line of sight on 6 January 2017. South of the Norcia earthquake surface rupture (a zone between the Norcia and Amatrice earthquakes), the postseismic surface displacements affect a smaller area but reach 35.5 ± 1.7 mm in ascending line of sight by January 2017 and follow a logarithmic temporal decay consistent with postseismic afterslip. Our analysis suggests that the structurally complex area located south of the Norcia rupture (30 October) is characterized by a conditionally stable frictional regime. This geometrical and frictional barrier likely halted rupture propagation during the Amatrice (24 August) and Norcia (30 October) earthquakes at shallow depth (〈3–4 km).
    Description: Published
    Description: e2019JB019065
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    Long-term monitoring and characterization of soil radon emission in a seismically active area (2020)
    Wiley Agu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-01
    Description: Radon (222Rn) is a radioactive gas, which originates everywhere in rocks of Earth's crust through a process of natural decay of other radioactive elements. The monitoring of soil radon can be useful to address a multitude of geological and environmental issues. However, some difficulties arise when trying to use radon as earthquake precursor because the earthquake‐related anomaly cannot be easily and univocally discriminated from other anomalies of different origin. To explore the relationship between soil radon emission and seismicity, a local network is operating in southeastern Sicily (Italy). Its peculiarities are the uniform geological condition of the monitoring sites and the long data record with simultaneous measures of radon and the main climate variables. In this paper, we applied continuous wavelet transformation to a ≈ 3.5 years long soil radon time series to detect periodic variations. Results indicate the occurrence of cycles at annual, semiannual, and monthly periodicity, which are ascribable to the effects of the climatic‐environmental parameters. The periodic components have been modeled and the signal conveniently filtered. We show as the characterization of the long‐term behavior of radon signals is essential to recognize anomalies in radon emission, which can be related to geological/environmental phenomena. The methodology proposed in this work provides a reliable characterization of the radon time series and can be applied at various spatial/temporal scales, depending on the scientific objectives to be achieved. This approach can also represent the base for further analysis like the investigation of the modulation between the periodic components and short‐term forecasts.
    Description: Published
    Description: e2020GC009061
    Description: 7T. Variazioni delle caratteristiche crostali e precursori sismici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    Methylacidimicrobium thermophilum AP8, a Novel Methane- and Hydrogen-Oxidizing Bacterium Isolated From Volcanic Soil on Pantelleria Island, Italy (2021)
    Frontiers
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-15
    Description: The Favara Grande is a geothermal area located on Pantelleria Island, Italy. The area is characterized high temperatures in the top layer of the soil (60°C), low pH (3–5) and hydrothermal gas emissions mainly composed of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and hydrogen (H2). These geothermal features may provide a suitable niche for the growth of chemolithotrophic thermoacidophiles, including the lanthanide-dependent methanotrophs of the phylum Verrucomicrobia. In this study, we started enrichment cultures inoculated with soil of the Favara Grande at 50 and 60°C with CH4 as energy source and medium containing sufficient lanthanides at pH 3 and 5. From these cultures, a verrucomicrobial methanotroph could be isolated via serial dilution and floating filters techniques. The genome of strain AP8 was sequenced and based on phylogenetic analysis we propose to name this new species Methylacidimicrobium thermophilum AP8. The transcriptome data at μmax (0.051 ± 0.001 h−1, doubling time ~14 h) of the new strain showed a high expression of the pmoCAB2 operon encoding the membrane-bound methane monooxygenase and of the gene xoxF1, encoding the lanthanide-dependent methanol dehydrogenase. A second pmoCAB operon and xoxF2 gene were not expressed. The physiology of strain AP8 was further investigated and revealed an optimal growth in a pH range of 3–5 at 50°C, representing the first thermophilic strain of the genus Methylacidimicrobium. Moreover, strain AP8 had a KS(app) for methane of 8 ± 1 μM. Beside methane, a type 1b [NiFe] hydrogenase enabled hydrogen oxidation at oxygen concentrations up to 1%. Taken together, our results expand the knowledge on the characteristics and adaptations of verrucomicrobial methanotrophs in hydrothermal environments and add a new thermophilic strain to the genus Methylacidimicrobium.
    Description: Published
    Description: 637762
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Verrucomicrobia ; acidophilic ; methanotroph ; hydrogenase ; Methylacidimicrobium thermophilum AP8 ; 05. General
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    Metagenome Assembled Genome of a Novel Verrucomicrobial Methanotroph From Pantelleria Island (2021)
    Frontiers
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-14
    Description: Verrucomicrobial methanotrophs are a group of aerobic bacteria isolated from volcanic environments. They are acidophiles, characterized by the presence of a particulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO) and a XoxF-type methanol dehydrogenase (MDH). Metagenomic analysis of DNA extracted from the soil of Favara Grande, a geothermal area on Pantelleria Island, Italy, revealed the presence of two verrucomicrobial Metagenome Assembled Genomes (MAGs). One of these MAGs did not phylogenetically classify within any existing genus. After extensive analysis of the MAG, we propose the name of "Candidatus Methylacidithermus pantelleriae" PQ17 gen. nov. sp. nov. The MAG consisted of 2,466,655 bp, 71 contigs and 3,127 predicted coding sequences. Completeness was found at 98.6% and contamination at 1.3%. Genes encoding the pMMO and XoxF-MDH were identified. Inorganic carbon fixation might use the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle since all genes were identified. The serine and ribulose monophosphate pathways were incomplete. The detoxification of formaldehyde could follow the tetrahydrofolate pathway. Furthermore, "Ca. Methylacidithermus pantelleriae" might be capable of nitric oxide reduction but genes for dissimilatory nitrate reduction and nitrogen fixation were not identified. Unlike other verrucomicrobial methanotrophs, genes encoding for enzymes involved in hydrogen oxidation could not be found. In conclusion, the discovery of this new MAG expands the diversity and metabolism of verrucomicrobial methanotrophs.
    Description: Published
    Description: 666929
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Verrucomicrobia ; acidophilic ; methanotroph ; Ca. Methylacidithermus pantelleriae ; volcanic soil ; 05.09. Miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    Thank You to Our Peer Reviewers for 2019 (2021)
    Wiley Agu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-25
    Description: On behalf of the authors and readers of Reviews of Geophysics (RoG), the American Geophysical Union (AGU), and the broader scientific community, the editors wish to wholeheartedly thank those who reviewed manuscripts for RoG in 2019.
    Description: Published
    Description: e2020RG000699
    Description: 5TM. Informazione ed editoria
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 7
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    One Year of Seismicity Recorded Through Ocean Bottom Seismometers Illuminates Active Tectonic Structures in the Ionian Sea (Central Mediterranean) (2021)
    Frontiers
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-08-30
    Description: Seismological data recorded in the Ionian Sea by a network of seven Ocean Bottom Seismometers (OBSs) during the 2017–2018 SEISMOFAULTS experiment provides a close-up view of seismogenic structures that are potential sources of medium-high magnitude earthquakes. The high-quality signal-to-noise ratio waveforms are observed for earthquakes at different scales: teleseismic, regional, and local earthquakes as well as single station earthquakes and small crack events. In this work, we focus on two different types of recording: 1) local earthquakes and 2) Short Duration Events (SDE) associated to micro-fracturing processes. During the SEISMOFAULTS experiment, 133 local earthquakes were recorded by both OBSs and land stations (local magnitude ranging between 0.9 and 3.8), while a group of local earthquakes (76), due to their low magnitude, were recorded only by the OBS network. We relocated 133 earthquakes by integrating onshore and offshore travel times and obtaining a significant improvement in accuracy, particularly for the offshore events. Moreover, the higher signal-to-noise ratio of the OBS network revealed a significant seismicity not detected onshore, which shed new light on the location and kinematics of seismogenic structures in the Calabrian Arc accretionary prism and associated to the subduction of the Ionian lithosphere beneath the Apennines. Other signals recorded only by the OBS network include a high number of Short Duration Events (SDE). The different waveforms of SDEs at two groups of OBSs and the close correlation between the occurrence of events recorded at single stations and SDEs suggest an endogenous fluid venting from mud volcanoes and active fault traces. Results from the analysis of seismological data collected during the SEISMOFAULTS experiment confirm the necessity and potential of marine studies with OBSs, particularly in those geologically active areas of the Mediterranean Sea prone to high seismic risk.
    Description: Published
    Description: 661311
    Description: 3A. Geofisica marina e osservazioni multiparametriche a fondo mare
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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