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  • 2020-2022  (29)
  • 1965-1969  (6)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 67 (1969), S. 110-127 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An Rohextrakten aus Hydrogenomonas H 16 und davon abgeleiteten Mutanten wurden die regulatorischen Eigenschaften der Threonin-Desaminase und der Acetohydroxysäure-Synthase untersucht. 1. Die Aktivität der Threonin-Desaminase wurde nach zwei Verfahren im zusammengesetzten optischen Test an der NADH2-Oxydation gemessen: durch Umsetzung des entstehenden Ammoniaks mit Glutamat-Dehydrogenase zu Glutamat und durch Reduktion des entstehenden α-Ketobutyrats durch Lactat-Dehydrogenase zu α-Hydroxybutyrat. Das pH-Optimum liegt in Tris-Puffer bei pH 9,0. Die Desaminierungsreaktion wird bereits durch 0,3 mM L-Isoleucin vollständig gehemmt. Die Hemmung läßt sich durch L-Valin teilweise aufheben. Die Substrat-(Threonin)-Sättigungskurve hat paraboloiden, in Gegenwart von Isoleucin (0,05 mM) sigmoiden Verlauf. Der Hill-Koeffizient beträgt in Abwesenheit des Inhibitors n=1,1 und in Gegenwart von Isoleucin n=2,4 (pH 8,3). 2. Von einer isoleucin-auxotrophen Mutante, deren Threonin-Desaminase defekt ist, wurde eine prototrophe Revertante isoliert, die Isoleucin ausscheidet. Die Threonin-Desaminase dieser Mutante unterscheidet sich vom Wildtypenzym durch eine verminderte Affinität für Isoleucin; halbmaximale Hemmung erfolgt bei 2,5 mM Isoleucin gegenüber 0,2 mM beim Wildtypenzym. 3. Die Acetohydroxysäur-Synthase wird bei pH 9,0, dem pH-Optimum der katalytischen Aktivität, durch L-Valin zu 25% gehemmt; bei pH 7,4 bewirken 0,1 mM L-Valin eine 50%ige Hemmung. Die Hemmung ist spezifisch; L-Isoleucin und L-Leucin bewirken weder eine Aktivitätsminderung, noch wirken sie antagonistisch. 4. Während des Wachstums einer isoleucin-valin-auxotrophen Mutante im Chemostaten werden bei Wachstumsbegrenzung durch L-Valin beide Enzyme, die Threonin-Desaminase und die Acetohydroxysäure-Synthase, dereprimiert gebildet. Wachstumsbegrenzung durch Isoleucin führt zur Derepression der Bildung der Threonin-Desaminase.
    Notes: Summary Threonine desaminase and acetohydroxyacid synthase in cell-free extracts of Hydrogenomonas H 16 and mutants derived therefrom have been studied with respect to their regulatory properties. 1. The activity of threonine desaminase has been determined employing two combined optical tests using the oxidation of NADH2 as indicator system: by trapping the ammonia produced through glutamate dehydrogenase and α-ketoglutarate and by reducing the α-ketobutyrate produced through lactate dehydrogenase. Optimum pH has been found to be 9.0 in tris-buffer. The desaminase reaction is completely inhibited already by 0.3 mM L-isoleucine. The inhibition is partially relieved by L-valine. The substrate (threonine) saturation curve has paraboloid shape; in the presence of isoleucine (0.05 mM) its shape is sigmoid. The Hill-coefficient in the absence of the inhibitor is n=1.1 and in the presence of L-isoleucine is n=2.4 (pH 8.3). 2. A prototrophic revertant has been isolated from an isoleucine requiring mutant defective in threonine desaminase. This revertant excretes isoleucine. The threonine desaminase of this revertant differs from the wildtype enzyme by a diminished affinity for isoleucine; half maximal inhibition occurs at 2.6 mM isoleucine in contrast to 0.2 mM at the wildtype enzyme. 3. The acetohydroxyacid synthase has its pH optimum at 9.0. At this pH the inhibition by L-valine amounts to 25%. At pH 7.4 a 50% inhibition was observed at a 0.1 mM concentration of valine. By varying the magnesium concentration an 80% inhibition was observed at 0.2 mM valine. The sensitivity of the enzyme is specific for L-valine; L-isoleucine and L-leucine neither decrease the activity nor act antagonistically. 4. When an isoleucine-valine-auxotrophic mutant was grown in a chemostat and when growth was limited by the concentration of valine, the formation of both enzymes, threonine desaminase and acetohydroxyacid synthase, became derepressed. When growth was limited by the concentration of isoleucine only threonine desaminase became derepressed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 67 (1969), S. 99-109 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Bei Hydrogenomonas H 16 wurden nach Mutationsauslösung mit salpetriger Säure etwa 0,4% und mit 1-Nitroso-3-nitro-1-methylguanidin 1,5% auxotrophe Mutanten unter den überlebenden Zellen gefunden. Um die Mutantenausbeute zu erhöhen, wurde eine Anreicherungsmethode ausgearbeitet. Die Penicillintechnik wurde dadurch modifiziert, daß anstelle des bei H 16 wirkungslosen Penicillins Colistin eingesetzt wurde. Eine 10stündige Einwirkung von 50 μg Colistin/ml überlebten im Modellversuch 88% der nichtwachsenden auxotrophen Zellen und nur 0,09% der wachsenden Wildtypzellen. 2. Es wurden 214 Mutanten isoliert und bezüglich ihres Nährstoffbedarfs charakterisiert. Neben auxotrophen wurden auch solche Mutanten isoliert, die Fructose nicht als C-Quelle zu verwerten vermögen. 3. Einige der isoleucin- und isoleucin-valin-bedürftigen Mutanten wurden eingehender untersucht. Kreuzfütterungs- und Enzymversuche lassen folgern, daß die Biosynthesewege für Isoleucin und Valin in Hydrogenomonas mit denen in anderen Bakterien identisch sind.
    Notes: Summary 1. Using cells of Hydrogenomonas H 16 after mutagenesis by nitrous acid about 0.4 percent and by 1-nitroso-3-nitro-1-methylguanidine 1.5 percent auxotrophic mutants were found among the survivors. In order to increase the mutant yield an enrichment method was elaborated. The penicillin technique was modified by replacing penicillin by colistine, since penicillin is ineffective for Hydrogenomonas H 16. The incubation of 108 cells/ml under growth conditions in the presence of 50 μg colistine/ml for 10 hrs was found effective; during a model experiment 88 percent of the non-growing auxotrophic cells and only 0.09 percent of the growing wildtype cells survived. 2. 214 mutants were isolated and nutritionally characterized. In addition to auxotrophs many mutants were isolated which lack the ability to utilize fructose. 3. Some of the strains requiring isoleucine, or isoleucine+valine were characterized. On the basis of results of crossfeeding experiments and of enzyme assays it is concluded that the biosynthetic pathways for isoleucine and valine in Hydrogenomonas are the same as in other bacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 39 (1967), S. 165-171 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Die Verbrennung oder thermische Spaltung von Industrie-Schlämmen wird meist dann angewandt, wenn es gelingt, mit einem vertretbaren Kosten- und Arbeitsaufwand möglichst sämtliche Bestandteile in unschädliche oder verwertbare Gase oder in ablagerungsfähige mineralische Asche überzuführen. Ausschlaggebend für die Wahl des Verfahrens, des Verbrennungssystems und der Reaktionsbedingungen sind vor allem die Brennbarkeit, Flüchtigkeit und Giftigkeit der einzelnen Bestandteile sowie der Gehalt an Wasser, mineralischen Substanzen und korrosiven Verbindungen. Über die in der Praxis am häufigsten angewandten Verbrennungsöfen, wie z. B. Brennkammern, Etagen- oder Wirbelschichtöfen, wird ein Überblick gegeben und an einigen typischen Beispielen ihr Aufbau, ihre Wirkungsweise und ihr Anwendungsbereich beschrieben.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 40 (1968), S. 509-515 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Die Anwendung der Wirbelschichtverbrennung wird u. a. durch die Verbrennungstemperatur, den Heizwert des Brennstoffes und die Gasgeschwindigkeit im Wirbelbett begrenzt. Durch geeignete Steuerung des Verbrennungsvorganges lassen sich sehr enge Temperaturbereiche einhalten, was an verschiedenen Verfahrensbeispielen gezeigt wird (Röstung sulfidischer Erze bei verschiedenen Arten der Kühlung, Regenerierung von Beizbädern, Verbrennung von Öl- und Abfallschlamm).
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2020-06-05
    Description: Brain plasticity is dynamically regulated across the life span, peaking during windows of early life. Typically assessed in the physiological range of milliseconds (real time), these trajectories are also influenced on the longer timescales of developmental time (nurture) and evolutionary time (nature), which shape neural architectures that support plasticity. Properly sequenced critical periods of circuit refinement build up complex cognitive functions, such as language, from more primary modalities. Here, we consider recent progress in the biological basis of critical periods as a unifying rubric for understanding plasticity across multiple timescales. Notably, the maturation of parvalbumin-positive (PV) inhibitory neurons is pivotal. These fast-spiking cells generate gamma oscillations associated with critical period plasticity, are sensitive to circadian gene manipulation, emerge at different rates across brain regions, acquire perineuronal nets with age, and may be influenced by epigenetic factors over generations. These features provide further novel insight into the impact of early adversity and neurodevelopmental risk factors for mental disorders.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1969-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0003-9276
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1969-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0003-9276
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 8
  • 9
  • 10
    Publication Date: 2020-03-25
    Description: Enteric parasites including Giardia duodenalis, Cryptosporidium spp., and to a lesser extent, Blastocystis sp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi, are major worldwide contributors to diarrhoeal disease. Assessing their molecular frequency and diversity is important to ascertain the sources of infection, transmission dynamics, and zoonotic potential. Little molecular information is available on the genotypes of these pathogens circulating in apparently healthy children. Here, we show that asymptomatic carriage of G. duodenalis (17.4%, 95% CI: 15.5–19.4%), Blastocystis sp. (13.0%, 95% CI: 11.4–14.8%), and Cryptosporidium spp. (0.9%, 95% CI: 0.5–1.5%) is common in children (1–16 years; n = 1512) from Madrid, Spain. Our genotyping data indicate that; (i) the observed frequency and diversity of parasite genetic variants are very similar to those previously identified in Spanish clinical samples, so that the genotype alone does not predict the clinical outcome of the infection, (ii) anthroponotic transmission accounts for a large proportion of the detected cases, highlighting that good personal hygiene practices are important to minimizing the risk of infection, (iii) Blastocystis ST4 may represent a subtype of the parasite with higher pathogenic potential, and (iv) Enterocytozoon bieneusi does not represent a public health concern in healthy children.
    Electronic ISSN: 2076-2607
    Topics: Biology
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