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  • Cambridge University Press  (54)
  • 2020-2022  (1)
  • 1970-1974  (26)
  • 1960-1964  (21)
  • 1945-1949  (6)
  • 1
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    D. A. Brown, K. S. W. Campbell & K. A. W. Crook 1968. The Geological Evolution of Australia and New Zealand. x + 409 p., 110 figs., and 24 tables (including folders). Pergamon Press (Oxford, London, Edinburgh). Price hard cover £3.5s; $10.00. (1970)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1970-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0016-7568
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5081
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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  • 2
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    Wave resistance to vertical motion in a stratified fluid (1960)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 1960-02-01
    Description: When a body moves through a stratified fluid, i.e. one whose density decreases upwards, gravity waves are set up and this causes a resistance to motion. An axisymmetric case is considered in which a body moves steadily and vertically through a fluid whose density decreases exponentially upwards. The fluid is supposed perfect, incompressible, and unbounded in all directions. The equations of motion are linearized, and with a fairly general initial motion of the surrounding fluid, the limit of the solution as t ⇒ ∞ is evaluated. Transform methods are used to solve the equation of motion, and the methods of steepest descents and stationary phase are used to obtain approximate solutions. Streamlines and the distortion of the constant density levels for a spindle-shaped body are shown. The curves of resistance against a function of the velocity for the circular cylinder, the sphere, and a spindle-shaped body are also given. A criterion is given for when the maximum wave resistance for a sphere may be expected, and an estimate of this maximum resistance is made. © 1960, Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-7645
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 3
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    Forced mixing in boundary layers (1960)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 1960-05-01
    Description: The effect of increasing the rate of mixing in turbulent boundary layers in a region of adverse pressure gradient has been investigated experimentally. Only the two-dimensional case was considered. The boundary layer was formed on a flat wall in a special wind tunnel in which a variety of adverse pressure gradients could be obtained. Speeds were low enough to justify the neglect of compressibility. The main objective was to compare the effect of increasing the rate of mixing with the effect of reducing the pressure gradient on boundary-layer development and separation. A Variety of mixing schemes was tried, all of them involving fixed devices arranged in a row on the surface in the region of rising pressure. While these differed considerably in effectiveness, they had a generally similar effect on the flow; and, except for effects arising from changes in displacement and momentum thickness introduced at the devices, their effect on the layer was basically equivalent to that of a decrease in pressure gradient. Apart from forced mixing, the shape of the pressure distribution was found to have a significant effect on displacement and momentum thickness, these being minimized and the wall distance decreased for a given pressure rise by a distribution with an initially steep and progressively decreasing gradient. © 1960, Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-7645
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 4
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    Solitary waves in rotating fluids (1970)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 1970-06-04
    Description: This paper describes some experiments in rotating flows in which solitary waves were observed. In one set of experiments the waves were generated on a swirling flow whose circumferential velocity distribution resembled that of the Rankine combined vortex. This flow was established by stirring the liquid in a large cylindrical container, in much the same way as one stirs a cup of tea, and it was often found at the cessation of the stirring that a wave had been generated. This wave propagated along the vortex core and was reflected at the bottom of the container and at the free surface of the liquid and displayed the remarkable permanence characteristic of solitary waves. It appears that, to a first approximation, the speed of the waves may be calculated simply from the depression of the free surface of the liquid at the centre of the vortex. These waves are the rotating-fluid counterpart to the solitary waves in fluids of great depth recently discussed by Benjamin (1967b) and by Davis & Acrivos (1967). In a second set of experiments, solitary waves were generated in a long cylindrical tube and are analogous to the familiar solitary wave of open-channel flows. The theory indicates that these waves are possible in any swirling flow in which the angular velocity is distributed non-uniformly. Thus, a long liquid-filled tube was started rotating about its axis with a uniform angular velocity, and waves were generated before the fluid had reached a state of uniform rotation. Using the known velocity distribution for a tube of infinite length, comparisons have been made between the observed wave forms and the theoretical calculations of Benjamin (1967a). There is good agreement between the observed wave forms and the theoretical predictions. © 1970, Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-7645
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 5
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    The characterization of the humic complexes of soil organic matter (1947)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 1947-04-01
    Description: 1. During the course of the alkali fractionation and the preparation of the humic precipitates, the qualitative characters of the fractions were followed by employing a standard hydrolysis with dilute acid. Humic acid itself was shown to be unhydrolysed by this reagent, and, therefore, the extent of hydrolysis of a humic fraction can be used as a criterion of purity.2. Studies on the fractionation of the humic precipitate with aqueous, anhydrous, and alcoholic bases, led to the following conclusions:(a) The humic precipitate as normally prepared i s always a mixture of true humic acid with varying amounts of co-precipitated material of a non-humic nature.(b) This non-humic material is not an integral part of the humic molecules, it is merely co-precipitated and adsorbed contaminants.(c) The non-humic material is differentiated from the humic acids by the following properties: (i) it is hydrolysable with acid; (ii) it does not give the characteristic nitro-humic compound on nitration.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8596
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5146
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 6
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    Cambridge Spitsbergen Expedition, 1972 (1973)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 1973-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0032-2474
    Electronic ISSN: 1475-3057
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , Geography
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  • 7
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    A stationary-phase approximation to the ship-wave pattern (1961)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 1961-06-01
    Description: Scorer (1950) has described an extension of the method of stationary phase. This method is used to derive an approximation to the wave pattern at large distances from the ship in a simple manner. The approximation is valid in the vicinity of the critical angle and the nature of the disturbance in this region is readily seen. The divergent and transverse wave systems in a critical region are shown, together with their variation of amplitude and phase. © 1961, Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-7645
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 8
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    Cross-waves. Part 2. Experiments (1972)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 1972-09-01
    Description: In this paper experiments in which cross-waves were generated in front of a wave-maker at one end of a long channel are described. The primary field produced was a progressive wave train, but, at certain frequencies, a standing wave developed in front of the wavemaker. This wave, whose crests were at right angles to the wavemaker and which had frequency half that of the wavemaker, is known as a cross-wave. An instability mechanism for the formation of cross-waves in a long channel has been presented in Part 1 (Mahony 1972). In the present paper we describe some measurements concerning the formation of the waves. The initial growth rate of the waves has been measured and the curves of neutral stability determined for two of the possible modes. The results are in good agreement with Mahony's theory. After the early stages in the development of the waves, there is an increase in their growth rate. This new rate was found to be about twice the initial growth rate. Also reported are some measurements of the amplitude of the cross-wave field along the channel. © 1972, Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-7645
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 9
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    Interaction of grid turbulence with a uniform mean shear (1970)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 1970-12-01
    Description: Experiments to explore the effect of initial disturbance length-scale on turbulence developed in the presence of a uniform mean shear are the subject of this paper. Flows with nearly the same mean shear (8·6 sec−1) and initially different turbulent scales are generated in a wind tunnel test-section by placing grids just downstream of a honeycomb of uniform cell diameter (¼ in.) and non-uniform cell length. Both round-rod grids of uniform square mesh and parallel-rod construction with roughly equal solidity (0.34) are used. Grid mesh sizes range from [formula omited] in. to 2 in. From the results it is concluded that for a given value of mean shear the imposed length scale fixes the energy level of the resulting turbulence, provided the scale is sufficiently large. When it is reduced below some minimum value the turbulence decays. Also, it is found that two-dimensional flow-generator geometries are more effective than three-dimensional geometries in producing a roughly homogeneous turbulent field with a higher fluctuation level in a shorter distance. © 1970, Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 10
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    Flow visualization of the near-wall region in a drag-reducing channel flow (1972)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 1972-12-01
    Description: The objectives of this study were to determine whether the addition of drag-reducing macromolecules alters the structure of the viscous sublayer and thereby modifies the production of kinetic energy in turbulent wall flows. This was accomplished by visualizing the near-wall region of a fully developed two-dimensional channel flow. Motion pictures were taken of dye injected into the near-wall region. Both water and a dilute drag-reducing polyethylene oxide-FRA solution were used as working fluids. The motion pictures were analysed to determine the spanwise spacing and the bursting rate of low-speed streaks that are characteristic of the viscous sublayer. The amount of drag reduction was established from pressure-drop measurements in pipe flows and a correlation that is independent of hydraulic diameter. The data show that the time between bursts for an individual streak in a drag-reducing flow has the value for a water flow at the reduced wall shear. However, both the physical and the non-dimensional streak spacing is significantly increased in the drag-reducing flows and thus the spatially averaged bursting rate is decreased. This evidence strongly suggests that the dilute polymer solution decreases the production of turbulent kinetic energy by inhibiting the formation of low-speed streaks. A tentative explanation for this behaviour which is based upon the solution's high resistance to elongational strains and vortex stretching is offered. © 1972, Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-7645
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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