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  • 1
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    Age validation of Dover sole (Microstomus pacificus) by means of bomb radiocarbon (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8819 | 403 | 2012-06-12 17:55:37 | 8819 | United States National Marine Fisheries Service
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: We used bomb radiocarbon (14C) in this age validation study of Dover sole (Microstomus pacificus). The otoliths of Dover sole, a commercially important fish in the NorthPacific, are difficult to age and ages derived from the current break-andburn method were not previously validated. The otoliths used in this study were chosen on the basis of estimated birth year and for the ease of interpreting growth zone patterns. Otolith cores, material representingyears 0 through 3, were isolated and analyzed for 14C. Additionally, a small number of otoliths with difficult-to-interpret growth patterns were analyzed for 14C to help determine age interpretation. The measured Dover sole 14C values in easier-to-interpret otoliths were compared with a14C reference chronology for Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) in the North Pacific. We used an objectivestatistical analysis where sums of squared residuals between otolith 14C values of Dover sole and the referencechronology were examined. Our statistical analysis also included a procedure where the Dover sole 14C values were standardized to the reference chronology. These proceduresallowed an evaluation of aging error. The 14C results indicated that the Dover sole age estimates from theeasier-to-interpret otoliths with the break-and-burn method are accurate. This study validated Dover sole agesfrom 8 to 47 years.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 375-385
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  • 2
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    Using the empirical Bayes method to estimate and evaluate bycatch rates of seabirds from individual fishing vessels (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8872 | 403 | 2012-06-18 09:36:36 | 8872 | United States National Marine Fisheries Service
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: Minimizing bycatch of seabirds is a major goal of the U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service. In Alaska waters, the bycatch (i.e., inadvertent catches) of seabirds has been an incidental result of demersal groundfish longline fishery operations. Notably, the endangered short-tailed albatross(Phoebastria albatrus) has been taken in this groundfish fishery. Bycatch rates of seabirds from individual vessels may be of particular interest because vessels with high bycatch rates may not be functioning effectively with seabird avoidance gears, and there may be a need for suggestions on how to use these avoidance gears more effectively. Therefore, bycatch estimates are usually madeon an individual vessel basis and then summed to obtain the total estimate for the entire fleet.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 577-581
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  • 3
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    Parameterizing probabilities for estimating age-composition distributions for mixture models (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8999 | 403 | 2020-08-24 00:01:26 | 8999 | United States National Marine Fisheries Service
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    Publication Date: 2021-06-30
    Description: When estimating parameters that constitute a discrete probability distribution {pj}, it is difficult to determine how constraints should be made to guarantee that the estimated parameters { pˆj} constitute a probability distribution (i.e., pˆj〉0, Σ pˆj =1). For age distributions estimated from mixtures of length-at-age distributions, the EM (expectationmaximization) algorithm (Hasselblad, 1966; Hoenig and Heisey, 1987; Kimura and Chikuni, 1987), restricted least squares (Clark, 1981), and weak quasisolutions (Troynikov, 2004) have all been used. Each of these methods appears to guarantee that the estimated distribution will be a true probability distribution with all categories greater than or equal to zero and with individual probabilities that sum to one. In addition, all these methods appear to provide a theoretical basis for solutions that will be either maximum-likelihood estimates or at least convergent to a probability distribut
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 303-305
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  • 4
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    Estimating age of spotted and spinner dolphins (Stenella attenuata and Stenella longirostris) from teeth (2021)
    NOAA/National Marine Fisheries Service/Southwest Fisheries Science Center | La Jolla, CA
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/2459 | 403 | 2011-09-29 19:05:15 | 2459 | United States National Marine Fisheries Service
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: This paper is an account of preparation and examination techniques and criteria used to estimate age in decalcified and stained tooth thin sections from spinner and spotted dolphins. A dentinal growth layer group (GLG),composed of two thin light and two thicker dark-stained layers, is deposited annually. The GLG component layers are variably visible, but the "ideal" pattern and successive thinning of dentinal GLGs are used as a guide to determine GLG limits. Age-specific thicknesses of dentinal GLGs found in Hawaiian spinner dolphin teeth seem to be applicable to teeth of spotted dolphins and can be used as an aid in locating GLG boundaries. Cementa1 GLGs are composed of a dark-stained and alightly stained layer and usually aredeposited at a rate of one per year, but may be deposited every other year or two or three times per year. Two slightly different methods of counting dentinal GLGs are presented, along with guidelines for determining whetherdentinal or cementa1 GLG counts provide the best estimate of age for a specimen. (PDF contains 23 pages.)
    Keywords: Ecology ; Conservation ; Fisheries ; Spinner dolphins ; Spotted dolphins ; aging ; teeth ; Stenella attenuata ; Stenella longirostris
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    Indirect validation of the age-reading method for Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) using otoliths from marked and recaptured fish (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/9648 | 403 | 2012-08-14 12:15:51 | 9648 | United States National Marine Fisheries Service
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: Two examples of indirect validation are described for age-reading methods of Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus). Aging criteria that exclude faint translucent zones (checks) in counts of annuli and criteria that include faint zones wereboth tested. Otoliths from marked and recaptured fish were used to back-calculate the length of each fish at the time of its release by using measurements of the area ofannuli. Estimated fish size at time of release and actual observed fish size were similar, supporting the assumption that translucent zones are laid down on an annual basis. Asecond method for validating reading criteria used otolith age and von Bertalanffy parameters, estimated from the tagging data, to predict how much each fish grew in lengthafter tagging. We found that otolith aging criteria applied to otoliths from tagged and recovered Pacific cod predictedquite accurately the growth increments that we observed in these specimens. These results provide further evidence that the current aging criteria are not underestimating theage of the fish and support our current interpretation of checks (i.e., as subannual marks). We expect these indirect validations to advance age determination for Pacific cod, which in turn would enhance development of stock assessment methods based on age structure for this species in the eastern Bering Sea.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 153-160
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  • 6
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    An about 50,000-dalton protein in adrenal medulla: a common precursor of [Met]- and [Leu]enkephalin (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-06-27
    Description: A protein that may be an enkephalin precursor has been identified in extracts of bovine adrenal medulla. This protein (about 50,000 daltons) appears to contain seven copies of [Met]enkephalin and one copy of [Leu]enkephalin. Digestion with trypsin and carboxypeptidase B yields [Met]enkephalin and [Leu]enkephalin in a ratio of almost 7 to 1. The enkephalins were identified by chromatography and by their binding to opiate receptors. Some characteristics of several other adrenal peptides that may serve as intermediates in the biosynthesis of the enkephalins are presented.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewis, R V -- Stern, A S -- Kimura, S -- Rossier, J -- Stein, S -- Udenfriend, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jun 27;208(4451):1459-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7384787" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenal Medulla/*analysis ; Animals ; Cattle ; Chromaffin Granules/*analysis ; Chromaffin System/*analysis ; Endorphins/*biosynthesis ; Enkephalin, Leucine ; Enkephalin, Methionine ; Enkephalins/*biosynthesis ; Molecular Weight ; Oligopeptides/analysis ; Peptide Fragments/analysis ; Protein Precursors/*analysis ; Proteins/*analysis ; Trypsin
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Choline acetyltransferase-containing neurons in rodent brain demonstrated by immunohistochemistry (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-05-30
    Description: Choline acetyltransferase was demonstrated in neuronal structures of the rodent central nervous system by immunohistochemistry through the application of Fab fragments obtained from monospecific antiserums to human choline acetyltransferase. The specificity of the antiserum for the enzyme was confirmed by the staining of both the ventral horn motor neurons in the rat spinal cord and the neuromuscular junction of the guinea pig diaphragm. Enzyme-containing cell bodies were observed in frontal sections of rat and guinea pig brain in the neostriatum, accumbens, nucleus of the diagonal band, medial septum, and olfactory tubercle. Positively staining fibers and probable nerve terminals were also found in the olfactory tubercle field and other areas of the basal forebrain. The results provide information on the distribution of the cholinergic systems in the rostral forebrain of the rodent.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kimura, H -- McGeer, P L -- Peng, F -- McGeer, E G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 May 30;208(4447):1057-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6990490" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/cytology/*enzymology ; Brain Mapping ; Choline O-Acetyltransferase/*metabolism ; Cholinergic Fibers/cytology ; Corpus Striatum/enzymology ; Guinea Pigs ; Hippocampus/enzymology ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Nucleus Accumbens/enzymology ; Olfactory Bulb/enzymology ; Rats ; Spinal Cord/enzymology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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