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  • 2020-2022  (56)
  • 1985-1989  (122)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An .alpha.-lithio boronic ester from an .alpha.-trimethylstannyl boronic ester (1985)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Organometallics 4 (1985), S. 1690-1692 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6041
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/om00128a040
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Finite size corrections to Madelung's number (1986)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 84 (1986), S. 543-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A correction to the usual Madelung form for the electrostatic energy of cubic ionic crystals due to the finite size of real atomic ions is derived.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.450129
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Silicon-silicon dioxide interface: An infrared study (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 62 (1987), S. 3195-3200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have investigated, using differential infrared spectroscopy, the transition region between single-crystal silicon and its natural thermally grown oxide. By monitoring the thickness-dependent behavior of the stretching mode of the Si–O bond near 1075 cm−1, we isolate bulk oxide characteristics and features arising from interface constraints, finding that films up to 100 A(ring) are still affected by interface effects. For thicker films we observe a consistent degree of asymmetry in the Si-O absorption band of about 9 cm−1, which does not exhibit a strong dependence on thickness. By contrast, the peak position, width, and degree of symmetry are found to be sensitively dependent upon film thickness below 100 A(ring), providing evidence for structurally distinct phases of silicon dioxide. Our initial interpretation suggests that the infrared spectra of such thin layers may be significantly affected by strain originating at the Si-oxide interface, rather than oxygen deficiency or overstoichiometry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.339320
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In Situ Biorestoration as a Ground Water Remediation Technique (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 6 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: In situ biorestoration, where applicable, is indicated as a potentially very cost-effective and environmentally acceptable remediation technology. Many contaminants in solution in ground water as well as vapors in the unsaturated zone can be completely degraded or transformed into new compounds by naturally occurring indigenous microbial populations. Undoubtedly, thousands of contamination events are remediated naturally before the contamination reaches a point of detection. The need is for methodology to determine when natural biorestoration is occurring, the stage the restoration process is in, whether enhancement of the process is possible or desirable, and what will happen if natural processes are allowed to run their course.In addition to the nature of the contaminant, several environmental factors are known to influence the capacity of indigenous microbial populations to degrade contaminants. These factors include dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, oxidation-reduction potential, availability of mineral nutrients, salinity, soil moisture, the concentration of specific pollutants, and the nutritional quality of dissolved organic carbon in the ground water.Most enhanced in situ bioreclamation techniques available today are variations of hydrocarbon degradation procedures pioneered and patented by Raymond and coworkers at Suntech during the period 1974 to 1978. Nutrients and oxygen are introduced through injection wells and circulated through the contaminated zone by pumping one or more producing wells.The limiting factor in remediation technology is getting the contaminated subsurface material to the treatment unit or units, or in the case of in situ processes, getting the treatment process to the contaminated material. The key to successful remediation is a thorough understanding of the hydrogeologic and geochemical characteristics of the contaminated area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1986.tb01034.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Validation of signature polarlipid fatty acid biomarkers for alkane-utilizing bacteria in soils and subsurface aquifer materials (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 62 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Extractable cell membrane-derived polarlipid ester-linked fatty acids (PLFA) obtained from aerated soils gassed with methane or propane and from methane- and propane-oxidizing bacteria isolated from the soils were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Exposure of aerated soils to methane resulted in the formation of a high proportion of an unusual 18-carbon mono-unsaturated PLFA, 18:lw8c. High proportions of this fatty acid biomarker are found in monocultures from this soil grown in minimal media with methane. This PLFA has been previously established as associated with authentic type II methane-oxidizing bacteria. The microbiota in aerated soils exposed to hydrocarbons containing propane, formed a suite of PLFA characterized by high proportions of a 16-carbon mono-unsaturated acid, 16:lw6c, and an 18-carbon saturated fatty acid with an additional methyl branch at the 10 position, 10 Me 18:0. This PLFA pattern has been detected in several monocultures enriched from the soil with propane-amended minimal media. The correspondence of high proportions of these unusual mono-unsaturated PLFA in the isolated monocultures and in situ in the soils after stimulation with the appropriate hydrocarbon is a strong validation of the utility of these biomarkers in defining the community structure of the surface soil microbial community.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1989.tb03656.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of Microbial Cell Numbers in Subsurface Samples (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 23 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Ground-water pollution by organic compounds has become a major environmental concern. Because the transport and fate of the organic pollutants may be influenced by microorganisms present in subsurface material, reliable measurements of the number of organisms in subsurface samples and their metabolic activity are needed. A special drilling rig and aseptic procedures have been developed by the Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory of the United States Environmental Protection Agency to yield uncontaminated subsurface samples. The number of bacteria in subsurface samples has been determined by microscopic counting after acridine orange staining; the proportion of cells capable of respiration was determined by INT reduction. An independent measure of metabolic activity was obtained by measuring ATP extracted from the samples. A procedure and extradant for the extraction of ATP from subsurface material have been developed. The extractant contains reagents to reduce the loss of the extracted ATP. Subsurface samples from Oklahoma and Texas contain 106-107 cells per g of subsurface material (depths of 2–9 m). Both methods show that usually between 1 and 10% of the cells were metabolically active. Thus, significant numbers of metabolically active bacteria exist in subsurface material with the potential to modify pollutants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1985.tb02775.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow of Ground Water to a Well Near a Stream – Effect of Ambient Ground-Water Flow Direction (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 26 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: An analytical model has been developed to evaluate and improve our knowledge of steady-state flow of ground water toward a well near a stream. This model differs from others in that the direction of ambient ground-water flow (i.e., regional ground-water flow) does not have to be perpendicular to a gaining stream, but can be oriented in any direction. Without using measured water levels, flow directions and rates can be calculated, i.e. estimated flow nets can be drawn based on the pumping rate, the ambient ground-water flow rate and direction, and the location of the well and stream. The model can be used to help determine the minimum rate of pumping that will induce infiltration from a stream to a well, and the components of pumping that are derived from the stream and the aquifer. The areal distribution of flow includes: a zone of induced infiltration from a stream toward a pumping well denoted the stream capture zone, a zone that includes all ambient ground water captured by a pumping well called the aquifer capture zone, and a zone downstream of the stream capture zone where water flows from the stream into the aquifer and then back to the gaining stream called the zone of induced throughflow. Each zone could be distinct geo-chemically. The concepts elucidated by the model are useful for ground-water pollution studies and for planning purposes. Normalized curves are presented to quickly determine the estimated boundaries between the stream capture zone and the zone of induced throughflow. An example of induced streamflow from Albuquerque, New Mexico illustrates application of the model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1988.tb00420.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-affinity sodium-dependent uptake of ascorbic acid by rat osteoblasts (1989)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 111 (1989), S. 83-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: vitamin C ; ascorbic acid ; sodium cotransport ; osteoblasts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Ascorbic acid is essential for the formation of bone by osteoblasts, but the mechanism by which osteoblasts transport ascorbate has not been investigated previously. We examined the uptake ofl-[14C]ascorbate by a rat osteoblast-like cell line (ROS 17/2.8) and by primary cultures of rat calvaria cells. In both systems, cells accumulatedl-[14C]ascorbate during incubations of 1–30 min at 37°C. Unlike propionic acid, which diffuses across membranes in protonated form, ascorbic acid did not markedly alter cytosolic pH. Initial ascorbate uptake rate saturated with increasing substrate concentration, reflecting a high-affinity interaction that could be described by Michaelis-Menten kinetics (apparentK m =30±2 μm andV max=1460±140 nmol ascorbate/g protein/min in ROS 17/2.8 cells incubated with 138mm extracellular Na+). Consistent with a stereoselective carrier-mediated mechanism, unlabeledl-ascorbate was a more potent inhibitor (IC50=30±5 μm) ofl-[14C]ascorbate transport than wasd-isoascorbate (IC50=380±55 μm). Uptake was dependent on both temperature and Na+, since it was inhibited by cooling to 4°C and by substitution of K+, Li+ or N-methyl-d-glucamine for extracellular Na+. Decreasing the external Na+ concentration lowered both the affinity of the transporter for ascorbate and the apparent maximum velocity of transport. We conclude that osteoblasts possess a stereoselective, high-affinity, Na+-dependent transport system for ascorbate. This system may play a role in the regulation of bone formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01869211
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three's company for stereo viewing (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 339 (1989), S. 433-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-Vance Tucker1 clearly describes an under-appreciated ambiguity associated with stereo diagrams: a stereo-pair can give the proper three-dimensional image or a 'backwards' one depending on whether it is viewed with crossed or uncrossed visual axes. The standard arrangement for publication ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/339433a0
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soluble groups which are products of minimax groups (1988)
    Springer
    Archiv der Mathematik 50 (1988), S. 193-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-8938
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01187732
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