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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of the thermal diffusivity of liquids by the forced Rayleigh scattering method: Theory and experiment (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988), S. 1156-1168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This article is devoted to the theory and experiment of the forced Rayleigh scattering method for measurement of thermal diffusivity of liquids which can be employed in the form of an instrument operated optically in a contact-free manner. The theoretical considerations included are: (1) effect of cell wall, (2) effect of dye, (3) effect of Gaussian beam intensity distribution, (4) effect of heating duration time, and (5) effect of coupled dye and wall for a heavily absorbing sample. The errors caused by inadequate setting of optical conditions are also analyzed: (1) effects of grating thickness and (2) effects of initial temperature amplitude. Experimental verifications of the theory have been carried out through the measurements on toluene and water as standard reference substances. As a result of these experiments and theory, the criteria for optimum measuring conditions became available. To demonstrate the applicability of the present theory and the apparatus, the thermal diffusivities of toluene and methanol have been measured near room temperature under atmospheric pressure. The accuracy of the present measurement is estimated to be ±3%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139743
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fully automated apparatus to measure the thermal conductivity of liquids by the transient hot-wire method (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 56 (1985), S. 1788-1794 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A new fully automated apparatus for measuring the thermal conductivity of liquids is described. This apparatus has been developed to meet the needs of industrial applications. The principle of the measurement is based on the absolute transient hot-wire method. All data acquisition and instrument control can be performed using a microcomputer. After filling with a sample liquid in a cell the apparatus can automatically measure the thermal conductivity at the desired temperature without any manual procedures. The automated procedures include an algorithm to determine onset time of natural convection. The applicability of the apparatus has been tested to measure the thermal conductivity of toluene at room temperature and the results have an estimated accuracy of ±1.0 to ±1.5% depending on a sample to be measured.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138095
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Viscosity of liquid lithium by an oscillating-cup viscometer in the temperature range 464–923 K (1989)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 10 (1989), S. 173-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: high temperature ; liquid metal ; lithium ; oscillation viscometer ; viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The liquid lithium has been proposed as a blanket substance of a D-T fusion reactor. Among the previously published viscosity data of liquid lithium by different authors, a sizable discrepancy is observed. In the present study, the viscosity of liquid lithium was measured by an oscillating-cup viscometer in the temperature range from 464 to 923 K. It was concluded that the disagreement among the previous studies was owing to the difference of the theory used for calculating the viscosity and also to the influence of the corrosion of the container wall. It was shown that recalculation of values in previous studies with the aid of Kestin-Newell equation, the equation used in the present study, would show reasonable agreement with the present results. The accuracy of the present measurements was estimated as ±3%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00500717
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of the surface tensions and the interfacial tensions of n-pentane-water and R 113-water systems (1988)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 9 (1988), S. 409-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: adhesion ; interfacial tension ; n-pentane ; pendant drop method ; R 113 ; spreading coefficient ; surface tension ; water
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The surface and the interfacial tensions of mutually immiscible liquid systems were experimentally studied. The measured systems are n-pentane-water and R 113-water, which are proposed as heat transfer fluids for a direct-contact heat exchanger to be used for geothermal and waste heat recovery plants. The experimental apparatus was constructed based on the principle of the pendant drop method. Measurements were performed in the temperature range from 20 to 150°C. Based on the correlation of the surface and the interfacial tensions, the temperature dependences of the spreading coefficient, the film pressure, and the work of adhesion in each system were calculated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00513080
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of the thermal diffusivity of molten KCl up to 1000°C by the forced Rayleigh scattering method (1988)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 9 (1988), S. 923-931 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: high temperature ; KCl ; molten salts ; forced Rayleigh scattering method ; thermal conductivity ; thermal diffusivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes measurement of the thermal diffusivity of molten KCl in the temperature range from 804 to 1030°C by the forced Rayleigh scattering method. In this contact-free optical measuring technique for the thermal diffusivity of liquids, a sample needs to be colored by the admixture of a dye for suitable absorption of a heating laser beam. The dye substances employed are CoCl2 and NiCl2, which were chosen through the experimental evaluation. The accuracy is estimated to be ±7% for molten KCl colored with NiCl2. The results converted to thermal conductivity show one of the smallest values among other previous data; the difference is a factor of four. The present study demonstrates the promising applicability of the forced Rayleigh scattering method to the measurement of high-temperature molten salts, which has never be attained by other conventional methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01133260
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Redetermination of the viscosity of molten NaCl at elevated temperatures (1989)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 10 (1989), S. 819-831 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: high temperature ; molten salt ; oscillation viscometer ; sodium chloride ; viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The viscosity of molten sodium chloride (NaCl) has been measured in the temperature range 1083–1248 K by the oscillating-cup method. Although NaCl was considered as one of the standard salts, there existed a systematic deviation among the available data. The present measurement is the redetermination after checking the effects of the meniscus at the liquid surface and of the temperature field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00514478
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurements and correlation of the thermal conductivity of liquid n-paraffin hydrocarbons and their binary and ternary mixtures (1985)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 6 (1985), S. 251-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: alkanes ; hydrocarbons ; liquids ; mixing rule ; thermal conductivity ; transient hot-wire method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The thermal conductivity of four pure normal paraffin hydrocarbons (C11, C14, C15, C16) and binary and ternary mixtures of three n-paraffin hydrocarbons (C7, C11, C16) have been measured in the temperature range from about 20 to 90°C at atmospheric pressure. Measurements have been performed with the aid of a fully automated transient hot-wire instrument. The accuracy of the reported data is estimated to be ±1.0 to ±1.5%. A new simple and practical equation, which can calculate the thermal conductivity of pure n-paraffin hydrocarbons (4≤n≤ 16) with the uncertainty of ±1%, has been correlated in terms of temperature and number of carbon atoms based on the present results including some other reliable data. Also, a mixing rule for the mixtures of n-paraffin hydrocarbons was proposed and was adequately confirmed by the present results within the experimental error.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00522147
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of the thermal conductivity of argon and nitrogen over a wide temperature range through data evaluation and shock-tube experiments (1986)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 7 (1986), S. 647-662 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: argon ; data evaluation ; high temperature ; nitrogen ; shock-tube measurement ; thermal conductivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Reliable and well-established methods to measure the thermal conductivity of gases are available only in the moderate temperature range, namely, up to about 1000 K. In the present study, a set of the most probable thermal conductivity values of components of gaseous combustion products in a wide range of temperatures has been obtained through an optimum combination of three procedures: critical assessment of available data in the moderate temperature range, experimental determination by the shock-tube method at high temperatures, and theoretacal estimation of temperature dependence in the intermediate temperature range. Among the components of combustion products, one monatomic gas and one diatomic gas, namely, argon and nitrogen, were studied in the present paper. The shock-tube measurements have been performed in the temperature ranges 1000–4500 K for argon and 500–2200 K for nitrogen. The results of the critical evaluation and the shock-tube measurements have been combined with the aid of theoretically assumed temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00502397
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Saturation vapor pressure and critical constants of H2O, D2O, T2O, and their isotopic mixtures (1987)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 8 (1987), S. 681-694 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: critical constants ; deuterium oxide ; heavy water ; isotope effect ; saturation vapor pressure ; tritium oxide ; water
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Reliable data on the vapor pressure and critical constants of H2O isotopes and their isotopic mixtures are required for the generation of thermophysical properties data over a wide range of temperatures and pressures. In this study, vapor pressure equations for D2O and T2O have been developed based on the latest experimental and theoretical information. Considering the similarity among H2O isotopes, the functional form of the Saul and Wagner equation, fully proven for H2O, has been employed. The present equation for D2O shows a lower trend by up to 0.09% than the widely used Hill and MacMillan equation at temperatures below 150°C. For the vapor pressure of the isotopic mixtures, the available experimental data have been examined for the validity of Raoult's law. Then it has been shown that the critical temperature and the critical pressure of the isotopic mixture can also be predicted as simple mole-fraction average values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00500788
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurements of the thermal conductivity of aqueous LiBr solutions at pressures up to 40 MPa (1988)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 9 (1988), S. 317-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: aqueous solutions ; high pressure ; lithium bromide ; thermal conductivity ; transient hot-wire method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes absolute measurements of the thermal conductivity of aqueous LiBr solutions in the concentration range 5 to 15m (molality), the temperature range 30 to 100°C, and the pressure range 0.1 to 40 MPa. The measurements have been performed with the aid of a transient hot-wire apparatus employing a thin tantalum wire coated with an anodic tantalum pentoxide insulation layer. In using the tantalum wire, a modification of the bridge circuit has been made to keep the electric potential of the wire always higher than the ground level in order to protect the insulation layer from breakdown. The experimental data, which have an estimated accuracy of ±0.5%, have been correlated in terms of the polynomials of concentration, temperature, and pressure for practical use. Also, it has been found that the pressure coefficient of the thermal conductivity decreases with increasing concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00513074
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