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  • 2020-2022  (2)
  • 1985-1989  (4)
  • 1
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    Octopus arms exhibit exceptional flexibility (2020)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-30
    Description: The octopus arm is often referred to as one of the most flexible limbs in nature, yet this assumption requires detailed inspection given that this has not been measured comprehensively for all portions of each arm. We investigated the diversity of arm deformations in Octopus bimaculoides with a frame-by-frame observational analysis of laboratory video footage in which animals were challenged with different tasks. Diverse movements in these hydrostatic arms are produced by some combination of four basic deformations: bending (orally, aborally; inward, outward), torsion (clockwise, counter-clockwise), elongation, and shortening. More than 16,500 arm deformations were observed in 120 min of video. Results showed that all eight arms were capable of all four types of deformation along their lengths and in all directions. Arms function primarily to bring the sucker-lined oral surface in contact with target surfaces. Bending was the most common deformation observed, although the proximal third of the arms performed relatively less bending and more shortening and elongation as compared with other arm regions. These findings demonstrate the exceptional flexibility of the octopus arm and provide a basis for investigating motor control of the entire arm, which may aid the future development of soft robotics.
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 2
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    Why Cephalopods are Probably Not "Deaf" (1987)
    University of Chicago Press
    In:  The American Naturalist, 129 (2). pp. 312-317.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-05-13
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    Oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion rates in Octopus maya, loligo forbesi and Lolliguncula brevis(Mollusca: Cephalopoda) (1988)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Marine Behaviour and Physiology, 13 (4). pp. 389-400.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-14
    Description: Oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion rates were investigated in young Octopus maya (hatching to 139 days old; 0.11–81.23 g wet body weight, BW; 22.5–23.9°C), young squids of Loligo forbesi (hatching to 45 days old; 9.4–115.3 mg BW; 12.3–13.1°C) and young squids of Lolliguncula brevis (2.00–39.98 g BW; 23.8–24.7°C). Except at hatching, oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion rates on an individual basis (M) of these three cephalopods increased linearly with increasing body weight (BW) expressed as M = aBWb . Values of b for oxygen consumption were 0.900, 0.910 and 0.848 and for ammonia excretion were 0.744, 0.809 and 0.751 for O. maya, L. forbesi and L. brevis, respectively. Among the three species the value a varied widely, while b was similar for both oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion rates. Based upon these data, metabolism for hatchlings of O. maya and L. forbesi was estimated to be relatively lower than that of older juveniles. The O/N ratios for hatchlings of O. maya and L. forbesi were relatively high and indicate an apparent dependence upon lipids in the immediate post‐hatching period, followed by standard protein energy utilization thereafter.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    Laboratory Growth, Reproduction and Life Span of the Pacific Pygmy Octopus, Octopus digueti (1987)
    University of Hawaii Press
    In:  Pacific Science, 41 (1-4). pp. 104-122.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-15
    Description: Octopus digueti Perrier and Rochebrune, 1894 was reared through its life cycle at 25°C in a closed seawater system using artificial sea water. Two field-collected females produced 231 hatchlings: 193 hatchlings were groupcultured while 24 were isolated at hatching and grown individually to allow precise analyses of growth in length and weight over the life cycle. All octopuses were fed primarily live shrimps. Maturing adults fed at a rate of 4.7% of body weight per day and had a gross growth efficiency of 48%. Growth in weight was exponential for the first 72 days and described best by the equation: WW(g) = .0405e•0646t. The mean growth rate over this period was 6.4% increase in body weight per day (%/d), with no significant difference between male and female growth. From 72 to 143 days, growth was logarithmic and described best by the equation: WW(g) = (6.78 x 1O- 6) t3 .13. Females grew slightly faster than males over this growth phase. During the exponential growth phase, mantle length increased at a mean rate of 2.1% per day, declining to 1.1% per day over the logarithmic phase. No attempt was made to describe mathematically the period of declining growth rate beyond day 143. The primary causes of early mortality in group culture were escapes and cannibalism. Survival was good despite high culture density: 73% survival to date of first egg laying (day 111). Survival was better among the isolated growth-study octopuses: 88% to the date of first egg laying (day 130). Mean life span was 199 days in group-reared octopuses and 221 days in the growth-study octopuses. There was no significant difference between male and female life span. Progeny of the group culture were reared at similar stocking densities and fed predominantly fresh dead shrimp and crab meat. This diet resulted in cannibalism, with only 6% survival to first egg laying on day 128. Fecundity in this group was lower. Octopus digueti is a good candidate for laboratory culture and biological experimentation because of its small size, rapid growth, short life span, and good survival in group culture.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Behavior, body patterning, growth and life history of Octopus briareus cultured in the laboratory (1989)
    American Malacological Society
    In:  American Malacological Bulletin, 7 (1). pp. 21-45.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-02-19
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 6
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    Does the California market squid (Loligo opalescens) spawn naturally during the day or at night? A note on the successful use of ROVs to obtain basic fisheries biology data (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/15058 | 403 | 2014-05-27 14:27:22 | 15058 | United States National Marine Fisheries Service
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-02
    Description: The California market squid (Loligo opalescens Berry), also known as the opalescent inshore squid (FAO), plays a central role in the nearshore ecological communities of the west coast of the United States (Morejohn et al., 1978; Hixon, 1983) and it is also a prime focus of California fisheries, ranking first in dollar value and tons landed in recent years (Vojkovich, 1998). The life span of this species is only 7−10 months after hatching, as ascertained by aging statoliths (Butler et al., 1999; Jackson, 1994; Jackson and Domier, 2003) and mariculture trials (Yang, et al., 1986). Thus, annual recruitment is required to sustain the population. The spawning season ranges from April to November and spawning peaks from May to June. In some years there can be a smaller second peak in November. In Monterey Bay, the squids are fished directly on the egg beds, and the consequences of this practice for conservation and fisheries management are unknown but of some concern (Hanlon, 1998). Beginning in April 2000, we began a study of the in situ spawning behavior of L. opalescens in the southern Monterey Bay fishing area.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 389-392
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