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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lipids of arctic charr,Salvelinus alpinus (L.) I. Dietary induced changes in lipid class and fatty acid composition (1991)
    Springer
    Fish physiology and biochemistry 9 (1991), S. 151-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Keywords: arctic charr ; diet ; lipids ; metabolism ; desaturation ; elongation ; polyunsaturated fatty acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus L.) were fed either a commercial diet or six experimental test diets containing coconut oil and different polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) at a level of 1% by dry weight. Best growth rates were observed with the commercial diet, worst with diet containing coconut oil with no PUFA. An increase in hepatic lipid, hepatic sterol esters and muscular moisture content, and a decrease in muscular lipid was generally found in fish fed the test diets compared to those maintained on the commercial diet. Phosphatidylcholine was the dominant polar lipid (PL) class in all tissues examined. Extensive modification of dietary saturated fatty acids into 18:1 (n-9) was observed in tissue triacylglycerols (TAG) of fish fed test diets. No changes occurred with the commercial diet. Dietary PUFA were essentially incorporated unchanged into tissue TAG of all fish in the present study. PUFA composition of hepatic phospholipids was significantly influenced by that contained in the diets. However both 18:2 (n-6) and 18:3 (n-3) in the test diets were extensively elongated and desaturated prior to incorporation into PL. The (n-9) PUFA content was always higher in liver of fish fed the test diets. When 18:2 (n-6) and 18:3 (n-3) were supplied together, the level of (n-3) PUFA exceeded those of (n-6) PUFA. Muscle PL were less influenced by diet than liver. In muscle (n-3) PUFA were always the predominant PUFA irrespective of diet. Only low amounts of (n-9) PUFA were found. It is suggested that (n-3) PUFA are the prime essential fatty acids for Arctic charr, and that they are used in preference to (n-6) PUFA for elongation, desaturation and incorporation into PL. The results suggest that the quantitative requirement of Arctic charr for EFA is may be higher than that of other salmonids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02265131
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The conversion of linoleic acid and linolenic acid to longer chain polyunsaturated fatty acids by Tilapia (Oreochromis) nilotica in vivo (1990)
    Springer
    Fish physiology and biochemistry 8 (1990), S. 261-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Keywords: tilapia ; polyunsaturated fatty acids ; lipids ; desaturation ; diet
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Tilapia (Oreochromis) nilotica were fed either a commercial diet containing 2.2% (n-3) and 0.5% (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), or a diet containing 1.0% methyl linoleate as the only PUFA. The fatty acid composition of tissue lipids generally reflected that of the diet. Fish from both dietary groups were injected intraperitoneally with 14C-labelled linoleic acid, 18:2 (n-6), or linolenic acid, 18:3 (n-3), and the distribution of radioactivity in tissue lipids examined. The conversion of both 18:2 (n-6) and 18:3 (n-3) to longer chain PUFA was lower in fish fed the commercial diet than in those fed the diet containing only 18:2 (n-6). Half of the radioactivity from both substrates recovered in liver polar lipids was present in C20 and C22 PUFA with fish maintained on the experimental diet. It is concluded that T. nilotica is capable of elongating and desaturating both 18:2 (n-6) and 18:3 (n-3), but that this conversion is suppressed by dietary longer chain PUFA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00004465
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lipids of arctic charr,Salvelinus alpinus (L.) II. Influence of dietary fatty acids on the elongation and desaturation of linoleic and linolenic acid (1992)
    Springer
    Fish physiology and biochemistry 9 (1992), S. 393-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Keywords: Arctic charr ; diet ; lipid ; polyunsaturated fatty acids ; elongation ; desaturation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Arctic charr,Salvelinus alpinus L. were fed five test diets containing 0% or 1% of different polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for 93 days. The fish were injected intraperitoneally with (1−14C)–18:2(n−6) or (1−14C)–18:3(n−3), and the bioconversion to longer chain PUFA studied. The conversion rate in neutral lipids was slow, with most label found as the fatty acid injected, while extensive modification took place prior to or during incorporation into polar lipids. Linolenic acid was preferred over linoleic acid as substrate for elongation and desaturation regardless of diet. In polar lipids, the predominant products of (1−14C)–18:2(n−6) metabolism were generally 20:3(n−6) and 20:4(n−6), while 18:4(n−3), 20:5(n−3) and 22:6(n−3) were the major products of (1−14C)–18:3(n−3) metabolism. The lack of radioactivity in 22:5(n−6) suggests that Δ 4 desaturation is specific for (n−3) PUFA. Feeding the PUFA deficient diet reduced the Δ 5 desaturation compared to fish maintained on PUFA supplemented diets. The Δ 6 desaturation was only reduced in fish fed C18 PUFA and injected with (1−14C)–18:3(n−3). Longer chain C20 and C22 PUFA, particularly those of the (n−3) family, exerted some inhibition on the elongation and desaturation of injected fatty acids compared to those fed C18 PUFA. The incorporation of radiolabelled fatty acids into polar lipids of fish fed a commercial diet was very low, and the desaturation neglectible in both polar and neutral lipids, showing that Arctic charr under culture conditions do not convert short chain PUFA to longer chain metabolites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02274220
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of pure culture biofilms of P. putida on solid supports (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 37 (1991), S. 512-518 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Pseudomonas putida biofilms were developed on and biofilm accumulation rate data were obtained for the following two classes of support materials: charged surfaces and noncharged hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces. The effects of surface roughness and porosity on the rate of microbial attachment were also examined.Materials bearing a net positive or negative surface charge supported the greatest biofilm accumulation and the highest biofilm accumulation rate. Uncharged hydrophobic materials achieved the next greatest biofilm accumulation, averaging approximately 50% of the total biomass which was accumulated on the charged surface materials after 16 days. Uncharged hydrophilic materials supported very little biofilm development. In general, biofilm accumulation increased with decreased surface roughness. The effect of pore size on biofilm accumulation was not conclusive.The biofilm accumulation kinetics showed an exponential accumulation rate for the charged surfaces and an approximately linear accumulation rate for the hydrophobic materials. This difference in accumulation kinetics is consistent with proposed differences in the physicochemical mechanism governing attachment to these two types of surface materials.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260370604
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Process safety and quality management: How they fit together (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Process Safety Progress 13 (1994), S. 59-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-8527
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prs.680130204
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blood compatibility of PEO grafted polyurethane and HEMA/styrene block copolymer surfaces (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 24 (1990), S. 1151-1171 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: HEMA/styrene (HEMA/STY) block copolymers and poly(ethylene oxide) 4,000 M.W. (PEO4K) grafted Biomer (B-PEO4K) surfaces have been synthesized, characterized, and evaluated as blood-contacting materials. These surfaces have demonstrated improved blood compatibility, compared to Biomer, in in vitro and ex vivo experiments. Biomer vascular grafts (6 mm I.D. 7 cm in length) were fabricated by a dip coating process. The luminal surface was modified either with PEO grafting, HEMA/STY coating, or Biomer coating (control). These surface-modified grafts were implanted in the abdominal aortas of dogs and evaluated for graft patency and protein adsorption.Surface protein layer thickness was measured by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). B-PEO4K and Biomer showed thick multilayers of adsorbed proteins (1000-2000 Å) after 3 weeks to 1 month implantation. In contrast, HEMA/STY only showed a monolayer protein thickness (〈200 Å), even after 3 months.Visualization of adsorbed plasma proteins (albumin, IgG, and fibrinogen) was performed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/TEM using an immunogold double antibody technique. The pattern of protein distribution showed high concentrations of fibrinogen and IgG, and less albumin adsorbed onto Biomer and B-PEO4K. In contrast, HEMA/STY showed a patchy protein distribution pattern with high concentrations of albumin and IgG, and relatively less fibrinogen.Adsorbed monolayer patterns showed improved compatibility over multilayered proteins. The Biomer and B-PEO4K grafts occluded within 1 month, while HEMA/STY grafts were patent for over 3 months. The thin and stable adsorbed protein layer on HEMA/STY surfaces may be associated with the microdomain structures of the surface, and will play an important role in long-term in vivo blood compatibility. This manuscript will evaluate the long-term in vivo performance of these polymers, analyze the extent of protein adsorption onto the surfaces, and correlate protein layer thickness to the thrombogenicity of the polymer surfaces.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820240903
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The MRC-5 human embryonal lung fibroblast two-dimensional gel cellular protein database: Quantitative identification of polypeptides whose relative abundance differs between quiescent, proliferating and SV 40 transformed cells (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 11 (1990), S. 1072-1113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new version of the MRC-5 two-dimensional gel cellular protein database (Celis et al., Electrophoresis 1989, 10, 76-115) is presented. Gels were scanned with a Molecular Dynamics laser scanner and processed by the PDQUEST IITM software. A total of 1895 [35S]methionine-labeled cellular polypeptides (1323 with isoelectric focusing and 572 with nonequilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis) are recorded in this database, containing quantitative and qualitative data on the relative abundance of cellular proteins synthesized by quiescent, proliferating and SV40 transformed MRC-5 fibroblasts. Of the 592 proteins quantitated so far, the levels of 138 were up-or down- regulated (51 and 87, respectively) by two times or more in the transformed cells as compared to their normal proliferating counterparts, while only 14 behaved similarly in quiescent cells. Seven MRC-5 SV40 proteins, including plastin and two interferon-induced proteins, were not detected in the master MRC-5 images. The identity of 36 of the transformation-sensitive proteins whose levels are up or down regulated by two times or more was determined and additional information can be transferred from the master transformed human epithelial amnion cells (AMA) database (Celis et al., Electrophoresis 1990, 11, 989-1071) for those polypeptides of known and unknown identity that have been matched to AMA polypeptides. As more information is gathered in this and other laboratories, including data on oncogene proteins and transcription factors, this comprehensive database will outline an integrated picture of the expression levels and properties of the thousands of protein components of organelles, pathways and cytoskeletal systems that may be directly or indirectly involved in properties associated with the transformed state.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150111203
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The master two-dimensional gel database of human AMA cell proteins: Towards linking protein and genome sequence and mapping information (Update 1991) (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 12 (1991), S. 765-770 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The master two-dimensional gel database of human AMA cells currently lists 3801 cellular and secreted proteins, of which 371 cellular polypeptides (306 IEF; 65 NEPHGE) were added to the master images during the last 10 months. These include: (i) very basic and acidic proteins that do not focus under normal running conditions and (ii) low-abundant proteins that can only be detected after prolonged gel exposure. Annotation categories updated in this version include “protein name”, “antibody against protein”, “cellular localization”, and “microsequenced proteins”. New entries include “human autoantigens” and “cDNAs”. For convenience we have included an alphabetical list of all known proteins recorded in this database. In the long run, the main goal of this database is to link protein and DNA sequencing and mapping information (Human Genome Program) and to provide an integrated picture of the expression levels and properties of the thousands of proteins that orchestrate various cellular functions both under physiological and abnormal conditions.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150121103
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comprehensive two-dimensional gel protein database of noncultured unfractionated normal human epidermal keratinocytes: Towards an integrated approach to the study of cell proliferation, differentiation and skin diseases (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 12 (1991), S. 802-810 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A two-dimensional (2-D) gel database of cellular proteins from noncultured, unfractionated normal human epidermal keratinocytes has been established. A total of 2651 [35S]methionine-labeled cellular proteins (1868 isoelectric focusing, 783 nonequilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis) were resolved and recorded using computer-aided 2-D gel electrophoresis. The protein numbers in this database differ from those reported in an earlier version due to changes in the scanning hardware (Celis et al., Electrophoresis 1990, 11, 242-254). Annotation categories reported include: “protein name” (listing 207 known proteins in alphabetical order), “basal cell markers”, “differentiation markers”, “proteins highly up-regulated in psoriatic skin”, “microsequenced proteins” and “human autoantigens”. For reference, we have also included 2-D gel (isoelectric focusing) patterns of cultured normal and psoriatic keratinocytes, melanocytes, fibroblasts, dermal microvascular endothelial cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells and sweat duct cells. The keratinocyte 2-D gel protein database will be updated yearly in the November issue of Electrophoresis.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150121105
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eukaryote cell recognition: Concepts and model systems G. P. Chapman, C. C. Ainsworth and C. J. Chatham (Eds). Cambridge University Press: Cambridge. xi + 315 pages, £35.00 (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 8 (1990), S. 78-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbf.290080115
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