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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 24 (1994), S. 1249-1255 
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Zinc-nickel alloys have been electrodeposited from a simple bath containing only zinc, nickel and ammonium chlorides. The composition, morphology, structure and corrosion resistance of the alloys obtained with this bath have been studied and the influence of some additives, normally used to reduce the stress of the deposits, has also been analysed. Among these additives it has been found that the aromatic sulfonimide does not significantly modify the deposit characteristics but improves the corrosion resistance of the alloys. Moreover, the applicability of two statistical methods to a deposition process has been tested, to obtain the main factor determining the deposit composition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 21 (1991), S. 709-715 
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The initial stages of the electrodeposition of nickel onto vitreous carbon from ethanol/water chloride solutions was studied in the presence and absence of some organic compounds. The influence of both additives and metal concentration was investigated by cyclic voltammetry, potential step experiments and differential capacity measurements. The role of the additives in the deposition process related to their adsorption, both on vitreous carbon and on vitreous carbon/nickel deposited electrodes, is also discussed.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 20 (1990), S. 635-639 
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The electroplating of Zn−Ni alloy films from a chloride bath has been studied under different plating conditions, both in the absence and presence of a phenolic derivative. Under the conditions examined, the electrodeposition of the alloys belonged to the anomalous type. The morphology and composition of the deposits varied with current density, temperature, bath composition and additive concentration. The results show that the additive modifies the structure and surface topography of the deposits to a large extent and produces smoother deposits. The corrosion resistance of the alloys has been analyzed by means of salt-spray tests.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 21 (1991), S. 44-49 
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The electroplating of zinc-nickel alloys from a chloride bath containing two brighteners (a phenolic derivative and an unsaturated aromatic compound) and a levelling agent (an aromatic carboxylate) has been studied under different plating conditions. The composition and morphology of the alloys depended on the concentration of all the additives and also on the temperature. As a general effect, these additives smooth the deposit and refine the grain size. By means of scanning electron microscopy, it was possible to classify the deposit morphologies according to the type and concentration of the additives. The resistance of the alloys to corrosion was studied by means of a neutral salt-spray test.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 48 (1992), S. 911-920 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Cytotoxic T lymphocytes ; granules ; perforin ; gene targetting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The killing mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) represents an important mechanism in the immune defence against tumors and virus infections. The lytic mechanism has been proposed to consist of a polarized secretion of granule-stored molecules, occurring on effector-target cell contact. By electron microscopy, membrane deposited, pore-like lesions are detected on the target cell membrane during cytolysis by CTL. These structures resembled strikingly pores formed during complement attack. Granules of CTL isolated by nitrogen cavitation and Percoll gradient centrifugation were shown to retain cytotoxic activity. Further purification of proteins stored in these granules led to the discovery of a membranolytic protein named perforin which was capable of polymerizing into pore-like structures. In addition to this cytolytic protein, a set of serine esterases was found as well as lysosomal enzymes and proteoglycans, whose function are not yet clearly defined. The role of perforin in the cytotoxic process is currently being explored by ablating the active gene in mice.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 81 (1994), S. 536-545 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 81 (1994), S. 536-545 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ergebnisse aus einer Feldstudie zur Ökologie eines Wirt-Parasit Systems, bestehend aus mehreren Arten von parasitoiden Fliegen (Conopidae, Diptera) und ihren Hummel-Wirten (Bombini, Apoidea, Hymenoptera), werden dargestellt. Wirtstiere wurden systematisch in verschiedenen Untersuchungsgebieten über eine ganze Saison gesammelt und auf erfolgreiche Parasitierung, erkennbar am Puparium der endoparasitischen Fliege, geprüft. Parasitierung erfolgt vor allem in den Sommermonaten (Juli–September), wobei die beobachtete maximale Häufigkeit des Befalls 46.7% (für Arbeiterinnen) betrug. Durchschnittlich sind 13.2% aller Arbeiterinnen (Spannweite: 0–46,7%) und 7.1% aller Männchen (0–28.6%) befallen, d.h. enthielten ein Puparium wenn die Tiere nach ihrem Tod im Labor eröffnet wurden. Zwei Conopiden-Gattungen,Sicus (64% der Beobachtungen) undPhysocephala (36%) waren zu finden, wobei die letztere später im Jahr häufiger wird. Eine multivariate Analyse zeigte, dass Wirtsart, Geschlecht (Arbeiterin, Männchen) und Undersuchungsgebiet die wichtigsten Faktoren sind, welche die Wahrscheinlichkeit der Parasitierung beeinflussen. Im Durchschnitt waren Männchen weniger befallen als Arbeiterinnen. Das ausgeprägte saisonale Auftreten der Conopiden scheint in erster Linie für die Unterschiede im Befall zwischen Wirtsarten verantwortlich zu sein. So sind frühe Arten (z.B.B. pratorum) und früh fliegende Königinnen vonBombus undPsithyrus im Frühjahr kaum befallen. Die Ergebnisse werden im Zusammenhang mit dem möglichen Einfluss der Conopiden auf die Ökologie und Evolution des Wirts diskutiert. Zusätzliche Beobachtungen über das Vorkommen weiterer wichtiger Endoparasiten (Sphaerularia bombi undSyntretus sp.) werden berichtet.
    Notes: Summary We present field data on the ecology of a host-parasite system, consisting of several species of parasitoid flies (Conopidae, Diptera) and their bumblebee hosts (Bombini, Apoidea, Hymenoptera). Host animals were systematically sampled from different study sites throughout a season and checked for successful infestation in the form of puparia of these endoparasitic flies. Such dissection of the bees revealed that infestation occurs primarily during the summer months (June to September), with an observed maximum frequency of parasitization of 46.7% in workers in one of our study sites. On average, 13.2% of all workers (range 0–46.7%) and 7.1% of all males (range 0–28.6%) contained the puparium of a conopid. Two conopid generaSicus (64% of cases) andPhysocephala (36%) accounted for the infestation, with the latter being more abundant later in the year. A multivariate analysis identified host species, sex (male or worker), and study area as the most important factors accounting for the observed variance in the probability of being parasitized during the summer months. On average, males were less affected than workers. The marked seasonal appearance of conopids seems to account for differences among species, in particular for low levels of infestation among species completing their life cycles early (e.g.B. pratorum) and among the early flying, hibernated quens ofBombus andPsithyrus species. The results are discussd with respect to the impact of conopids on host ecology and evolution. Additional observations on the occurrence of further endoparasites (Sphaerularia bombi andSyntretus sp.) are reported.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 49 (1979), S. 159-166 
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Linkage data of the four gene markers Pi, Gm, GLO, and HLA exclude Gm and Pi gene assignment to the short arm of chromosome 6. The findings, however, do not disprove the following gene order: HLA-GLO-centromere-Gm-Pi.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We present the results of an international collaborative study aimed at estimating the ratio of male to female mutation rates in Duchenne muscular dystrophy based on the method of C. Müller and T. Grimm. With a sample size of 295, this ratio is found to be very close to 1, thus giving evidence for equal mutation rates in males and females in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
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