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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plasma chemistry and plasma processing 11 (1991), S. 439-453 
    ISSN: 1572-8986
    Keywords: Reactive sputtering ; thermodynamic modeling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Deposition by etching-enhanced reactive sputtering (DEERS) is believed to be a three-step process: plasma etching of a sputtering target, transport of volatile etch products to a substrate, followed by conversion of etch products adsorbed on the substrate to form a desired film material. While there are undoubtedly kinetic factors involved in this process, results of a thermodynamic analysis of the above process as a sequence of two chemical equilibrium reactors (target and substrate) correlates well with available experiments on oxide deposition and with optimum ratios of etchant to oxidant gases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 102 (1983), S. 1-10 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The eyes of Rostanga pulchra larvae develop immediately behind the velar lobes approximately 20 days after hatching. Each is a pigmented cup with a lens occupying the concavity of the cup. The eye is composed of a single corneal cell, 7 sensory cells and 8 pigment cells. Sensory cells are of the rhabdomeric type and bear microvilli as their receptive surface. The eye connects to the inner dorsal region of the optic ganglion through a nerve that consists of axons arising from the 7 sensory cells. The optic ganglion, in turn, joins the lateral region of the cerebral ganglion. The possible functions of the eye are discussed in relation to larval behavior.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 109 (1990), S. 179-188 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The present study examines spermiogenesis, and in particular the formation of the acrosome, in ten species of chitons belonging to four families. This study emphasizes the formation of the acrosome but brings to light several other structures that have received little or no mention in previous studies. The process of spermiogenesis is essentially similar in each species, although Chaetopleura exhibits some significant differences. In early spermiogenesis the Golgi body secretes numerous small pro-acrosomal vesicles that gradually migrate into the apical cytoplasm. The chromatin condenses from granules into fibres which become twisted within the nucleus. A small bundle of chromatin fibres projects from the main nuclear mass into the anterior filament; this coincides with the appearance of a developing manchette of microtubules around the nucleus that originates from the two centrioles. Radiating from the distal centriole is the centriolar satellite complex, which is attached to the plasma membrane by the annulus. The distal centriole produces the flagellum posteriorly and it exits eccentrically through a ring of folded membrane that houses the annulus. Extending from the annulus on one side of the flagellum, in all but one species, is a dense fibrous body that has not been previously reported. The proximal centriole lies perpendicular to the end of the distal centriole and is attached to it by fibro-granular material. Pro-acrosomal vesicles migrate anteriorly through the cytoplasm and move into the anterior filament to one side of the expanding nucleus. Eventually these vesicles migrate all the way to the tip of the sperm, where they fuse to form one of two granules in the acrosome. In mature sperm the nucleus is bullet-shaped with a long anterior filament and contains dense chromatin with occasional lacunae. The mitochondria vary in both number and position in the mature sperm of different species. Both centrioles are housed eccentrically in a posterior indentation of the nucleus, where the membranes are modified. The elongate flagellum tapers to a long filamentous end-piece that roughly corresponds to the anterior filament and may be important in sperm locomotion for hydrodynamic reasons. An acrosome is present in all ten species and stained positively for acid phosphatase in three species that were tested.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The cephalic sensory organ in the veliger larva of Rostanga pulchra is situated dorsally between the rhinophores, emerging as a tuft of cilia. This organ is made up of three types of sensory cells, and based on their morphology have been termed ampullary, parampullary and ciliary tuft cells. The cell bodies of the organ originate in the cerebral commissure, and their dendrites pass to the epidermis as three tracts. Dendrites terminate in the epidermis to form a sectorial field. Axons of these cells run into the mass of neurites in the cerebral commissure but no synapses were observed in this area. Morphological evidence suggests that the cephalic sensory organ may function in chemoreception and mechanoreception related to substrate selection at settlement, feeding, or other behaviors.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of theoretical physics 30 (1991), S. 1235-1248 
    ISSN: 1572-9575
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Electron-positron pair production cross sections are calculated for 50-MeV electrons incident on an oxygen nucleus. The symmetric coplanar cross sections are emphasized. Neglecting exchange, the spectra of forward-scattered projectile electrons is numerically calculated. In the extreme relativistic and nonrelativistic limits for the produced pair kinetic energies, calculated cross sections are similar to those of Bhabha.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 27 (1992), S. 3821-3826 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract An analysis of the stress distributions along the fibre-matrix interface in a “thin-slice” fibre push-out test is presented for selected test geometries. For the small specimen thicknesses often required to displace large-diameter fibres with high interfacial shear strengths, finite element analysis indicates that large bending stresses may be present. The magnitude of these stresses and their spatial distribution can be very sensitive to the test configuration. For certain test geometries, the specimen configuration itself may alter the interfacial failure process from one which initiates due to a maximum in shear stress near the top surface adjacent to the indentor, to one which involves mixed mode crack growth up from the bottom surface and/or yielding within the matrix near the interface.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 225 (1982), S. 235-248 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Rhinophore ; Larva ; Nudibranch ; Sensory cell ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The rhinophores of the veliger larva of Rostanga pulchra are located in the intravelar field near the base of the velar lobes. Each rhinophore is a cylindrical structure, tapering distally, and covered with a dense meshwork of microvilli. A conspicuous row of ciliary tufts runs along each side of the rhinophore and several stiffer tufts, composed of fewer cilia, are positioned around the tip or at the base. The rhinophoral epithelium consists of supporting cells, ciliated cells (giving rise to the ciliary rows), dendritic terminals (giving rise to the tufts around the apex), and sinuses containing occasional amebocytes. The lumen of the rhinophore is occupied by the rhinophoral ganglion and muscle cells that are oriented in two perpendicular planes. Cell bodies of the dendritic endings are located within the rhinophoral ganglion, which in turn joins into the optic and cerebral ganglia. Rhinophoral ganglionic neurons do not synapse with each other, but numerous neuromuscular synapses are found in the lumen of the rhinophore. Morphological evidence suggests that the dendritic endings are chemoreceptors and the ciliated cells are possibly mechanoreceptors but are not functional at this stage in development. The functional role of the rhinophores is discussed in relation to larval behavior at settlement and metamorphosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental mechanics 34 (1994), S. 1-9 
    ISSN: 1741-2765
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A screw-driven new biaxial testing machine for the realization of experimental investigations on anisotropic sheet materials, such as composite plates or rolled sheet metals, is presented. The described mechanical concept and servocontrol system allow cruciform specimens to be subjected to large strain biaxial tensile and compressive tests without kinematic incompatibilities. Moreover, for the proper implementation of biaxial tensile tests, the specific problems linked to the anisotropic properties of the investigated materials are taken into account; therefore, for the first time, the biaxial machine is supplied with the original ‘off-axes testing device,’ consisting of hinged fixtures with knife-edges at each arm of the cruciform specimen. A recently developed optimization method for the optimal design of flat tensile cruciform specimens is shortly reviewed. Numerical simulations illustrate the decisive superiority of the optimized specimen compared with specimen designs proposed in the literature, as well as the necessity to use the ‘off-axes’ testing technique in biaxial tests on anisotropic materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 24 (1984), S. 289-297 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On a examiné le comportement à la traction d'éprouvettes sollicitées en état plan de déformation, présentant un trou central dont l'axe est dans la direction exempte de déformation — l'étude a été basée sur le comportement comparé de deux matériaux, l'un présentant un module d'écrouissage relativement élevé (acier faiblement allié à haute résistance), l'autre un module faible (Ti-6Al-4V). Un excellent accord avec les prédictions élaborées grâce à un modèle élastoplastique par éléments finis couvrant de grandes déformations, a été trouvé pour ce qui concerne la déformation des trous, le rétrécissement des ligaments qui y est associé, ainsi que l'ensemble de la rélation force-élongation. La rupture du materiau à haut module intervient par arrachement ductile dans les ligaments, tandis que la rupture du materiau à faible module est associée à un cisaillement local. Ceci est compatible avec les prédictions d'accroissement dans les distributions de la déformation plastique, telles qu'elles sont calculées par éléments finis. Les résultats expérimentaux et les prédictions que fournissent les modèles à éléments finis, indiquent l'importance de l'écrouissage dans l'épanouissement de l'écoulement plastique, lorsque l'on est en présence d'une inhomogénéité géométrique en forme de trou.
    Notes: Abstract The tensile behavior of plane-strain specimens each having a central hole with axis in the zero-strain direction has been examined. The study is based on the contrasting behavior of two materials, one with a relatively high strain hardening rate (an HSLA steel) and the other with a low rate (Ti-6Al-4V). Deformation of the holes, associated necking of the ligaments, as well as the overall force-elongation response exhibit excellent agreement with predictions from a large-strain elastoplastic finite-element model. Failure of the high strain-hardening material occurs by ductile tearing across the ligaments, whereas failure of the low-hardening material occurs by shear localization. This is consistent with the predicted incremental plastic strain distributions as calculated by the finite element method. The experimental results and predictions of the finite-element models indicate the importance of work hardening in diffusing plastic flow in the presence of a geometric inhomogeneity in the form of a hole.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 214 (1981), S. 67-80 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Statocyst ; Larva ; Nudibranch ; Sensory cell ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The two statocysts of the veliger larva of Rostanga pulchra are positioned within the base of the foot. They are spherical, fluid-filled capsule that contain a large, calcareous statolith and several smaller concretions. The epithelium of the statocyst is composed of 10 ciliated sensory cells (hair cells) and 11 accessory cells. The latter group stains darkly and includes 2 microvillous cells, 7 supporting cells, and 2 glial cells. The hair cells stain lightly and each gives rise to an axon; two types can be distinguished. The first type, in which a minimum of 3 cilia are randomly positioned on the apical cell membrane, is restricted to the upper portion of the statocyst. The second type, in which 9 to 11 cilia are arranged in a slightly curved row, is found exclusively around the base of the statocyst. Each statocyst is connected dorso-laterally to the ipsilateral cerebral ganglion by a short static nerve, formed by axons arising from the hair cells. Ganglionic neurons synapse with these axons as the static nerve enters the cerebral ganglion. The lumen of the statocyst is continuous with a blind constricted canal located beneath the static nerve. A diagram showing the structure of the statocyst and its association with the nervous system is presented. Possible functions of the statocyst in relation to larval behavior are discussed.
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