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  • 2020-2022  (722)
  • 1995-1999  (1,085)
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  • 11
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    Megabank found? Flanks record sea level (1995)
    In:  EPIC3Geotimes, 30, pp. 12-15
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-10-14
    Description: On Leg 101, the first international voyage for the Ocean Drilling Program, the deep-sea drilling ship JOIOES Resolution (SEDCO/BP 471) left Miami, Fla., on Jan. 31 to investigate the geology of the Bahamas. (Leg 100 tested the Resolution's readiness. See July Geotimes.) Before returning to Miami on March 14, the crew had drilled 19 holes al 11 sites and recovered 46.2% of the cored section (about 1.5 of 3.1 km cored). The scientific party wanted to test conflicting hypotheses about the development of the modern shallow water carbonate banks and intervening deep -water throughs in the Bahamas, and to study the growth patterns of carbonate slopes and their response to sea-level fluctuations. Those objectives (the 'deep ' and the 'shallow') were selected beause recent advances in interpreting the micropaleontology of shallow-water carbonate platforms, coupled with data from previous sedimentological investigations and regional and site-specific seismic surveys, now permit consistent stratigraphic comparisons in the Bahamas.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 12
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    Darwin in the Galapagos (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/6282 | 704 | 2011-09-29 13:59:42 | 6282 | Fundacion Charles Darwin Foundation
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Keywords: Biology ; Charles Darwin ; H.M.S. Beagle ; Galápagos
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 15-16
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel method for measuring intense microwave radiation effects on ionic transport in ceramic materials (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 3606-3609 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Many experimenters over the past few years have observed rate enhancements when using microwave processing compared to conventional processing. The results have remained somewhat controversial because the driving forces are not constant throughout the experiments and because of the possibility of inaccurate temperature measurement. This paper describes a different experimental approach that avoids the pitfalls of the previous experiments. Specifically, the alternative approach involves fixed driving forces and short duration experiments. Reliable and accurate knowledge of the sample temperature is ensured by restricting the amount of microwave heating to negligible levels and using conventional ohmic heating to control temperature. This approach has allowed us to confirm the presence of a "microwave effect'' on kinetic processes in ionic ceramic materials. With this configuration, many further experiments are possible with different materials and conditions. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145476
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    At-wavelength metrology of 13 nm lithography imaging optics : Proceedings of the 5th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 2241-2243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The development of an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) interferometer for testing EUV lithography optics operating at a wavelength of 13 nm using the U13U undulator beam line at the National Synchrotron Light Source is presented. The design and implementation of phase-measuring, lateral-shearing interferometry and a knife edge test will be described. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145718
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temporal trends in bromide release following rewetting of a naturally drained gully mire (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 14 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. Recently, there has been interest in the occurrence of bromide (Br-) in natural waters since it has been demonstrated that Br-, in association with humic substances in raw waters, is readily incorporated into haloacetic acids in the form of organically bound bromine (Br) during water chlorination. We report results of the effects of experimentally rewetting a naturally drained gully mire on the hydrochemistry of Br-, iron (Fe) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the peat water. Results obtained over a three year period showed that rewetting substantially increased the concentrations of these solutes in the pore water, with peak values of 1 mg dm-3 (Br-), 〉 60 mg dm-3 (Fe) and 〉 300 mg dm-3 (DOC) detected in some samples after rewetting, compared with typical values 〈 0.05 mg dm-3 (Br-), 〈 1 mg dm-3 (Fe) and 〈 15 mg dm-3 (DOC) under the drained conditions. Bromide, Fe and DOC release were highly seasonal, with the largest concentrations observed in late-summer to autumn. However, whereas seasonal peak concentrations of Fe and DOC have since remained at these higher levels, seasonal peak concentrations of Br- were progressively attenuated over time, suggesting the latter phenomenon is a flush effect, with no longer-term consequences for water quality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.1998.tb00161.x
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theory of non-Heisenberg exchange: Results for localized and itinerant magnets : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 4805-4807 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A general formulation of intersite (layer) exchange coupling in bulk (multilayer) materials is proposed based on the treatment of the spin (layer) rotation as a perturbation in terms of the force theorem and multiple scattering theory. The expansion of the intersite (layer) exchange interaction energy gives expressions for the bilinear and biquadratic exchange. For metals, the approach is illustrated by linear muffin-tin orbital calculations of exchange coupling constants in the ferromagnetic 3D-metals and the fcc phase of bulk Fe. Long range oscillations of strongly volume dependent exchange coupling in fcc Fe appears to be the origin of the spin-density-wave instability in this metastable phase. The correctness of expressions for the limit of localized magnets is demonstrated by calculations for the antiferromagnetic insulator NiO. In contrast with other theories, this method can be used for both nonmagnetic and magnetic spacers in metallic multilayers, as is illustrated by calculations of the interfacial and interlayer exchange in Fe/Mn and Co/Mn. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361678
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Picosecond time-resolved magnetization dynamics of thin-film heads : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 5898-5900 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The application of picosecond magneto-optic sampling techniques to studies of the magnetization dynamics of thin-film recording heads is described. Time-resolved magnetization measurements are performed using picosecond stroboscopic scanning Kerr microscopy. A Faraday probe is used to monitor the coil excitation current with the same optical setup, yielding a direct measure of the magnetic propagation delay through the head. This delay is found to have a marked spatial dependence across the face of the pole tips. As an aid to visualization of the spatial dependence, scanned images of the polar Kerr rotation at fixed time delays are acquired. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361896
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic circular dichroism at the K and L edges of Co and Cu in Co/Cu(001) : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 6500-6502 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The fcc Co/Cu(001) system is investigated using the full potential linearized augmented plane wave method. Through the atomic force approach, large multilayer relaxations (6.5%, 5.3%, and 2.8%) are found between the adjacent Cu layers, which reduces the total energy by 128 meV. The spin and orbital magnetic moments for Co atoms are 1.79 and 0.12 μB, respectively. At the interfacial Cu site, we found a sizable induced magnetic moment, 0.05 μB, which can be split into d (0.074 μB) and s,p(0.024 μB) contributions. Interestingly, the spin polarization of d and s,p states can be detected separately through the magnetic circular dichroism at the L and K edges, for which the calculated results agree very well with experiments. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361982
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    First principles determination of magnetocrystalline anisotropy for surfaces and interfaces using a torque method (abstract) : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 5827-5827 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Perpendicular magnetic alignment is vital for high density magneto-optical recording materials. Despite the tremendous theoretical/computional advances made during the last few decades, the determination of magnetocrystalline anistropy (MCA) from first principles still remains a great challenge for complex systems. We will describe our recently proposed torque method for the first principles determination of MCA. In the usual first principles methods, one calculates the band energies associated with two magnetization directions and substracts one from the other. Within this approach, one has the difficulty of getting rid of the random fluctuations arising from the two different Fermi surfaces due to different magnetization directions. We show that to accurately determine the spin-orbit induced uniaxial ansisotropy energy for surfaces/interfaces, calculation of the torque at a specific angle is sufficient and one avoids the complexities associated with two Fermi surfaces by employing the Feynman-Hellman theorem. In the k-space integrations, we used both linear and quadratic interpolation schemes and convergence is assured when these two schemes agree to the accuracy desired. Examples, including Fe and Co multilayer systems, will be presented to demonstrate the efficiency and precision of this method. Detailed comparisons with previously proposed state-tracing method by Wang et al. are also made and discussed. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362200
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature dependence of the biaxial modulus, intrinsic stress and composition of plasma deposited silicon oxynitride films (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 1673-1680 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Silicon oxynitride films were deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor deposition. The elemental composition was varied between silicon nitride and silicon dioxide: SiO0.3N1.0, SiO0.7N1.6, SiO0.7N1.1, and SiO1.7N0.5. These films were annealed in air, at temperatures of 40–240 °C above the deposition temperature (260 °C), to determine the stability and behavior of each composition. The biaxial modulus, biaxial intrinsic stress, and elemental composition were measured at discrete intervals within the annealing cycle. Films deposited from primarily ammonia possessed considerable hydrogen (up to 38 at. %) and lost nitrogen and hydrogen at anneal temperatures (260–300 °C) only marginally higher than the deposition temperature. As the initial oxygen content increased a different mechanism controlled the behavior of the film: The temperature threshold for change rose to (approximately-equal-to)350 °C and the loss of nitrogen was compensated by an equivalent rise in the oxygen content. The transformation from silicon oxynitride to silica was completed after 50 h at 400 °C. The initial biaxial modulus of all compositions was 21–30 GPa and the intrinsic stress was −30 to 85 MPa. Increasing the oxygen content raised the temperature threshold where cracking first occurred; the two film compositions with the highest initial oxygen content did not crack, even at the highest temperature (450 °C) investigated. At 450 °C the biaxial modulus increased to (approximately-equal-to)100 GPa and the intrinsic stress was (approximately-equal-to)200 MPa. These increases could be correlated with the observed change in the film's composition. When nitrogen was replaced by oxygen, the induced stress remained lower than the biaxial strength of the material, but, when nitrogen and hydrogen were lost, stress-relieving microcracking occurred. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.360263
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