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  • 1
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    Effect of space flight on cytokine production and other immunologic parameters of rhesus monkeys (1996)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: During a recent flight of a Russian satellite (Cosmos #2229), initial experiments examining the effects of space flight on immunologic responses of rhesus monkeys were performed to gain insight into the effect of space flight on resistance to infection. Experiments were performed on tissue samples taken from the monkeys before and immediately after flight. Additional samples were obtained approximately 1 month after flight for a postflight restraint study. Two types of experiments were carried out throughout this study. The first experiment determined the ability of leukocytes to produce interleukin-1 and to express interleukin-2 receptors. The second experiment examined the responsiveness of rhesus bone marrow cells to recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Human reagents that cross-reacted with monkey tissue were utilized for the bulk of the studies. Results from both studies indicated that there were changes in immunologic function attributable to space flight. Interleukin-1 production and the expression of interleukin-2 receptors was decreased after space flight. Bone marrow cells from flight monkeys showed a significant decrease in their response to GM-CSF compared with the response of bone marrow cells from nonflight control monkeys. These results suggest that the rhesus monkey may be a useful surrogate for humans in future studies that examine the effect of space flight on immune response, particularly when conditions do not readily permit human study.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research (ISSN 1079-9907); Volume 16; 5; 409-15
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Effects of hypergravity on immunologic function (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of hypergravity exposure (2g) with those of exposure to space flight in the Cosmos 2044 flight. To do so, rats were centrifuged continuously for 14 days. Two different experiments were carried out on tissue obtained from the centrifuged rats. In the first experiment, rat bone marrow cells were examined for their response to recombinant murine colony stimulating factor-granulocyte/monocyte (GM-CSF). In the second experiment, rat spleen and bone marrow cells were stained in with a variety of antibodies directed against cell surface antigenic markers. These cells were preserved and analyzed on a flow cytometer. The results of the studies indicated that bone marrow cells from centrifuged rats showed no significant change in response to GM-CSF as compared to bone marrow cells from control rats. Spleen cells from flown rats showed some statistically significant changes in leukocytes subset distribution, but no differences that appeared to be of biological significance. These results indicate that hypergravity did not greatly affect the same immunological parameters affected by space flight in the Cosmos 2044 mission.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: Microgravity science and technology (ISSN 0938-0108); Volume 7; 4; 323-6
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Viscous thermocapillary convection at high Marangoni number (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A liquid, contained in a quarter plane, undergoes steady motion due to thermocapillary forcing on its upper boundary, a free surface separating the liquid from a passive gas. The rigid vertical sidewall has a strip whose temperature is elevated compared with the liquid at infinity. A boudnary-layer analysis is performed that is valid for large Marangoni numbers M and Prandtl numbers P. It is found that the Nusselt number N for the horizontal heat transport satisfies N proportional to min (M to the 1 2/7/power, M to the 1 1/5/power, M to the 1 1/10/power) Generalizations are discussed.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Journal of Fluid Mechanics (ISSN 0022-1120); 135; 175-188
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  • 4
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    Evaluation of control parameters for Spray-In-Air (SIA) aqueous cleaning for shuttle RSRM hardware (1995)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: HD-2 grease is deliberately applied to Shuttle Redesigned Solid Rocket Motor (RSRM) D6AC steel hardware parts as a temporary protective coating for storage and shipping. This HD-2 grease is the most common form of surface contamination on RSRM hardware and must be removed prior to subsequent surface treatment. Failure to achieve an acceptable level of cleanliness (HD-2 calcium grease removal) is a common cause of defect incidence. Common failures from ineffective cleaning include poor adhesion of surface coatings, reduced bond performance of structural adhesives, and failure to pass cleanliness inspection standards. The RSRM hardware is currently cleaned and refurbished using methyl chloroform (1,1,1-trichloroethane). This chlorinated solvent is mandated for elimination due to its ozone depleting characteristics. This report describes an experimental study of an aqueous cleaning system (which uses Brulin 815 GD) as a replacement for methyl chloroform. Evaluation of process control parameters for this cleaner are discussed as well as cleaning mechanisms for a spray-in-air process.
    Keywords: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: Aerospace Environmental Technology Conference; p 481-490
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    Customized remote sensing short courses (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The advantages of customized courses over general purpose courses are outlined. The development of course objectives and content and the incorporation of hands-on exercises are discussed. Criteria for ensuring the quality of the course are also defined.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: CORSE-81: The 1981 Conf. on Remote Sensing Educ.; p 93-101
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Adaptive-wall wind-tunnel development for transonic testing (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Experimental techniques for rapid assessment and correction of wall interference in an adaptive-wall wind tunnel are described. The experimental arrangement allows laser velocimetry measurements on two control surfaces and incorporates a dedicated computer for data processing. The apparatus and its instrumentation are described, and typical results from an experiment on a nonlifting NACA 0012 airfoil at M = 0.78 are discussed. It is concluded that the time to acquire laser Doppler velocimeter data should be decreased, and the possibility of using one-step algorithms should be investigated.
    Keywords: RESEARCH AND SUPPORT FACILITIES (AIR)
    Type: Journal of Aircraft; 18; Apr. 198
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    Ceramic high temperature receiver design and tests (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The High Temperature Solar Thermal Receiver, which was tested a Edwards AFB, CA during the winter of 1980-1981, evolved from technologies developed over a five year period of work. This receiver was tested at the Army Solar Furnace at White Sands, NM in 1976. The receiver, was tested successfully at 1768 deg F and showed thermal efficiencies of 85%. The results were sufficiently promising to lead ERDA to fund our development and test of a 250 kW receiver to measure the efficiency of an open cavity receiver atop a central tower of a heliostat field. This receiver was required to be design scalable to 10, 50, and 100 MW-electric sizes to show applicability to central power tower receivers. That receiver employed rectagular silicon carbide panels and vertical stanchions to achieve scalability. The construction was shown to be fully scalable; and the receiver was operated at temperatures up to 2000 deg F to achieve the performance goals of the experiment during tests at the GIT advanced components test facility during the fall of 1978.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: JPL Parabolic Dish Solar Thermal Power Ann. Program Rev., Proc. 247-255 (SEE N83-10525 01-44)
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  • 8
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    An overview of NASA testing requirements for alternate cleaning solvents used in liquid and gaseous oxygen environments (1995)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The elimination of CFC-containing cleaning solvents for oxygen systems has prompted the development of a number of alternative cleaning solvents that must now be evaluated not only for cleanability, but compatibility as well. NASA Handbook 8060.1(NHB 8060.1) establishes the requirements for evaluation, testing, and selection of materials for use in oxygen rich environments. Materials intended for use in space vehicles, specified test facilities, and ground support equipment must meet the requirements of this document. In addition to the requirements of NHB 8060.1 for oxygen service, alternative cleaning solvents must also be evaluated in other areas (such as corrosivity, non-metals compatibility, non-volatile residue contamination, etc.). This paper will discuss the testing requirements of NHB 8060.1 and present preliminary results from early screening tests performed at Marshall Space Flight Center's Materials Combustion Research Facility.
    Keywords: INORGANIC AND PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
    Type: Aerospace Environmental Technology Conference; p 661-665
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    Near-term Brayton Module Status (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The integration of subsystem components and the testing of a Parabolic Dish Module (PDM) to convert solar energy to grid compatible electric power is examined. System components are selected on a basis of current and projected performance efficiencies, technology readiness, future production probabilities and prices, current cost and availability. Potential for a near-term, 8 kW derivative of the PDM is adjudged to be superior to that of a 20 kW system. The PDM is suited to both grid connected and standalone applications, and it may be fired by solar, fossil, or solar/fossil hydrid means.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: JPL Proc. of the 5th Parabolic Dish Solar Thermal Power Program; p 113-121
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    A compatibility assessment method for adaptive-wall wind tunnels (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A new method is described for assessing the compatibility between inner and outer flow regimes in adaptive-wall wind tunnels. The method is applicable to both two- and three-dimensional flows, and unlike other schemes, requires the measurement of only one velocity component. Moreover, a complete solution to the outer flowfield is not required with the new method. Computer simulations of two- and three-dimensional flows are presented along with data from a two-dimensional pilot wind tunnel test using the new method.
    Keywords: RESEARCH AND SUPPORT FACILITIES (AIR)
    Type: AIAA Journal; 19; Sept
    Format: text
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