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  • Other Sources  (10)
  • American Geophysical Union  (6)
  • International Union of Crystallography  (4)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
  • American Institute of Physics
  • 2020-2022  (4)
  • 1995-1999  (6)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1940-1944
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2021-07-02
    Description: A new concept for temporal gating of synchrotron X‐ray pulses based on laser‐induced thermal transient gratings is presented. First experimental tests of the concept yield a diffraction efficiency of 0.18%; however, the calculations indicate a theoretical efficiency and contrast of 〉30% and 10−5, respectively. The full efficiency of the pulse picker has not been reached yet due to a long‐range thermal deformation of the sample after absorption of the excitation laser. This method can be implemented in a broad spectral range (100 eV to 20 keV) and is only minimally invasive to an existing setup.
    Description: A new concept for temporal gating of synchrotron X‐ray pulses based on laser‐induced thermal transient gratings is presented.
    Keywords: 548 ; synchrotron ; time‐resolved ; thermal deformation ; transient grating ; pulse picking
    Type: article
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2021-06-26
    Description: The high‐precision X‐ray diffraction setup for work with diamond anvil cells (DACs) in interaction chamber 2 (IC2) of the High Energy Density instrument of the European X‐ray Free‐Electron Laser is described. This includes beamline optics, sample positioning and detector systems located in the multipurpose vacuum chamber. Concepts for pump–probe X‐ray diffraction experiments in the DAC are described and their implementation demonstrated during the First User Community Assisted Commissioning experiment. X‐ray heating and diffraction of Bi under pressure, obtained using 20 fs X‐ray pulses at 17.8 keV and 2.2 MHz repetition, is illustrated through splitting of diffraction peaks, and interpreted employing finite element modeling of the sample chamber in the DAC.
    Description: The high‐precision X‐ray diffraction (XRD) setup for work with diamond anvil cells (DACs) in Interaction Chamber 2 of the High Energy Density (HED) instrument of the European X‐ray Free‐Electron Laser is described. image
    Keywords: 548 ; diamond anvil cells ; X‐ray free‐electron lasers ; high‐precision X‐ray diffraction ; finite element modeling
    Type: article
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2021-03-30
    Description: The ATSAS software suite encompasses a number of programs for the processing, visualization, analysis and modelling of small‐angle scattering data, with a focus on the data measured from biological macromolecules. Here, new developments in the ATSAS 3.0 package are described. They include IMSIM, for simulating isotropic 2D scattering patterns; IMOP, to perform operations on 2D images and masks; DATRESAMPLE, a method for variance estimation of structural invariants through parametric resampling; DATFT, which computes the pair distance distribution function by a direct Fourier transform of the scattering data; PDDFFIT, to compute the scattering data from a pair distance distribution function, allowing comparison with the experimental data; a new module in DATMW for Bayesian consensus‐based concentration‐independent molecular weight estimation; DATMIF, an ab initio shape analysis method that optimizes the search model directly against the scattering data; DAMEMB, an application to set up the initial search volume for multiphase modelling of membrane proteins; ELLLIP, to perform quasi‐atomistic modelling of liposomes with elliptical shapes; NMATOR, which models conformational changes in nucleic acid structures through normal mode analysis in torsion angle space; DAMMIX, which reconstructs the shape of an unknown intermediate in an evolving system; and LIPMIX and BILMIX, for modelling multilamellar and asymmetric lipid vesicles, respectively. In addition, technical updates were deployed to facilitate maintainability of the package, which include porting the PRIMUS graphical interface to Qt5, updating SASpy – a PyMOL plugin to run a subset of ATSAS tools – to be both Python 2 and 3 compatible, and adding utilities to facilitate mmCIF compatibility in future ATSAS releases. All these features are implemented in ATSAS 3.0, freely available for academic users at https://www.embl‐hamburg.de/biosaxs/software.html.
    Description: ATSAS is a comprehensive software suite for the processing, visualization, analysis and modelling of small‐angle scattering data. This article describes developments in the ATSAS 3.0 release, including new programs for data simulation and for the structural modelling of lipids, nucleic acids and polydisperse systems. image
    Keywords: 548 ; small‐angle scattering ; data analysis ; biological macromolecules ; structural modelling ; ATSAS
    Type: article
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Description: Mixed ionic electronic conducting ceramics Nd6−yWO12−δ (δ is the oxygen deficiency) provide excellent stability in harsh environments containing strongly reactive gases such as CO2, CO, H2, H2O or H2S. Due to this chemical stability, they are promising and cost‐efficient candidate materials for gas separation, catalytic membrane reactors and protonic ceramic fuel cell technologies. As in La6−yWO12−δ, the ionic/electronic transport mechanism in Nd6−yWO12−δ is expected to be largely controlled by the crystal structure, the conclusive determination of which is still lacking. This work presents a crystallographic study of Nd5.8WO12−δ and molybdenum‐substituted Nd5.7W0.75Mo0.25O12−δ prepared by the citrate complexation route. High‐resolution synchrotron and neutron powder diffraction data were used in combined Rietveld refinements to unravel the crystal structure of Nd5.8WO12−δ and Nd5.7W0.75Mo0.25O12−δ. Both investigated samples crystallize in a defect fluorite crystal structure with space group Fm3m and doubled unit‐cell parameter due to cation ordering. Mo replaces W at both Wyckoff sites 4a and 48h and is evenly distributed, in contrast with La6−yWO12−δ. X‐ray absorption spectroscopy as a function of partial pressure pO2 in the near‐edge regions excludes oxidation state changes of Nd (Nd3+) and W (W6+) in reducing conditions: the enhanced hydrogen permeation, i.e. ambipolar conduction, observed in Mo‐substituted Nd6−yWO12−δ is therefore explained by the higher Mo reducibility and the creation of additional – disordered – oxygen vacancies.
    Description: The crystal structures of non‐substituted and Mo‐substituted neodymium tungstates are described in detail through neutron diffraction and high‐resolution X‐ray diffraction. Combined X‐ray and neutron diffraction refinements and electron probe micro‐analysis were employed to locate Mo atoms in the crystal structure of Nd6−yW1−zMozO12−δ (z = 0, 0.25), while X‐ray absorption spectroscopy in the near‐edge regions confirmed no changes in the oxidation states of Nd and W.
    Keywords: 548 ; powder diffraction ; mixed conductors ; X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) ; Nd6−yWO12−δ
    Type: article
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  • 5
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    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Professional Paper, Global Earth Physics: A Handbook of Physical Constants, Washington, American Geophysical Union, vol. 1, no. 16, pp. 271-282, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Review article ; radioactivity ; Handbook of geophysics ; Handbook of physics
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  • 6
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    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Professional Paper, Rock Physics & Phase Relations - A Handbook of Physical Constants, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 1002, no. 231, pp. 148-165, (ISBN 1-4020-1729-4)
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Rheology ; Inelastic ; Rock mechanics ; Physical properties of rocks ; Review article
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  • 7
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    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Mineral Physics & Crystallography - A Handbook of Physical Constants, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 227-236, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Rheology ; Inelastic ; Modelling ; Review article ; Geothermics ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses !
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  • 8
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    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Mineral Physics & Crystallography - A Handbook of Physical Constants, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 17, no. 16, pp. 303-331, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Mineralogy ; Physical properties of rocks ; Review article
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  • 9
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    American Geophysical Union
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Rock Physics & Phase Relations - A Handbook of Physical Constants, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 127-147, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Rock mechanics ; Geochemistry ; Physical properties of rocks ; Mineralogy ; Review article
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  • 10
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    American Geophysical Union
    In:  U.S. National Report to International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics 1991 - 1994. Contributions in Dynamics of the Solid Earth and Other Planets, ed. by R. A. Pielke, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, vol. 10, no. 91-N-FA07-7-4, pp. 341-343, (ISBN 0 08 042822 3)
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Chaotic behaviour ; FractureT ; Non-linear effects ; Review article
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