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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Vegetation history and archaeobotany 8 (1999), S. 261-271 
    ISSN: 1617-6278
    Keywords: Hay ; Meadow ; Pasture ; Archaeobotany ; Europe ; Farming history
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Archaeology , Biology
    Notes: Abstract Hay malting and hay meadows have long been of fundamental ecological, economic and social importance in temperate Europe. A variety of archaeological sources suggests that hay making may date back to the Iron Age, but direct archaeobotanical evidence for this practice is problematic. Past grassland communities are imperfectly represented and preserved in archaeobotanical assemblages, and ancient meadow and pasture communities may not resemble present-day communities in terms of management practices or botanical composition. This paper explores the potential of ‘FIBS’ (Functional Interpretation of Botanical Surveys) in the archaeobotanical investigation of ancient grassland management. The botanical composition of present-day grassland communities was analysed in terms of functional attributes (e.g. canopy height) relevant to cutting, grazing and habitat productivity. The utility of these attributes for distinguishing between present-day meadow, pasture and unmanaged grassland communities has been evaluated. Similar analyses were performed on archaeobotanical data from Neolithic to post-Medieval northwestern and central Europe. Functional shifts over time, interpreted in the light of the functional analysis of modern grassland, suggest that hay-making was well established by the Iron Age. Avenues are suggested for the refinement and further development of the FIBS methodology in the archaeobotanical investigation of grassland management.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Keywords: Comet Hale-Bopp ; Coude spectrum ; identified emissions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Spectroscopic observations of Comet Hale-Bopp were made at the 2.6 m Shajn Telescope of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory. Some spectra were obtained with high spectral resolution, FWHM = 0.18–0.4Å, in the coude focus on February 22 and 26, 1997. The observations were made in selected spectral windows (4805–4872 Å,6528–6595 Å, 7186–7253 Å, 8276–8408 Å).The spectrograph slit was centered on the nucleus and had dimensions of 25.2 × 0.6 arcsec2 on the plane of the sky. The continuum spatial profiles were extremely asymmetrical toward the Sun. However, the continuum-subtracted spatial profiles of the molecular emissions were symmetrical relative to the nucleus, except for C2. The shape of the spatial profiles of the C2 emissions is similar to that one of continuum but is more flattened. So, there are evidences that dust can be an additional source of the C2 radicals in the cometary coma. The main aim of our research was identification of the cometary emissions. Using recent laboratory spectroscopic data we identified newlines of C2 associated with the transitions from high rotational levels in the 4805–4872 Å spectral region. We detected cometary Hα emission as well. Emissions of NH2, H2O+,and C2 (Phillips system) were found in the red spectral windows. Some emission features are still unassigned.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1999-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0939-6314
    Electronic ISSN: 1617-6278
    Topics: Archaeology , Biology
    Published by Springer
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