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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food safety 12 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-4565
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The popularity of Cajun cuisine has promoted the consumption of Louisiana crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. Tail meat and hepatopancreatic tissues of crayfish captured from two locations in the Atchafalaya River Basin and four open ponds were analyzed separately for xenobiotic metal and mineral composition using an inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer (ICP) and chlorinated hydrocarbons by gas chromatograph (GC) with electron capture detector. Less than 3 mg/kg of toxic xenobiotic metals were found in the tail meats and less than 5 mg/kg in the hepatopancreatic tissues. Mineral concentrations were similar to those reported for other crustacean species. Occasional trace amounts of DDD and DDE were found present in tissue samples.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 61 (1991), S. 189-198 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Boronia megastigma ; Ctenarytaina thysanura ; ovipositional preferences ; relative hardness ; terminal shoots ; resistance ; antibiosis ; antixenosis ; tolerance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Studies were conducted on 23 boronia cultivars to determine the mechanisms of resistance and susceptibility to the psyllid, Ctenarytaina thysanura Ferris and Klyver. No antibiosis effects were detected in any of the boronia cultivars investigated. No cultivar was tolerant to C. thysanura attack. However, in both free-choice and no-choice tests in the glasshouse, ovipositional antixenosis (non-preference) was detected in cultivar HC27, whereas cultivars HC4 and HC142 were most preferred for oviposition. Measurement of terminal shoot hardness of cultivars revealed variations in relative hardness. Given a choice between boronia cultivars of the same size and colour but of differing hardness of the terminal shoots, C. thysanura laid more eggs on those cultivars with softer terminal shoots (HC4 and HC142) and laid fewest eggs on harder terminal shoots (HC27). This may explain differences in the psyllid population on different cultivars in the field. Fewer eggs were laid on terminal shoots exceeding a hardness rating of 80 g/mm terminal shoot thickness.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 62 (1992), S. 261-268 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Boronia megastigma ; Ctenarytaina thysanura ; honey dew ; sooty mould ; relative hardness ; terminal shoots ; intraspecific competition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Field observations and experiments showed that the attractiveness of Boronia megastigma terminal shoots for Ctenarytaina thysanura (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) oviposition was effected by the quality and quantity of terminal shoots, relative hardness of the terminal shoot combined with a closed or open architecture of the shoot, nitrogenous fertilizer applications and intraspecific competition between psyllids. Heavy feeding either by nymphal or adult psyllids greatly reduces the attractiveness of terminal shoots for oviposition. This deterrence was associated with the production of honeydew resulting in the development of sooty moulds. When all nymphs had developed to adults, a further 21 days was required for the shoots to be restored to their original condition and suitability for oviposition.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 64 (1992), S. 111-115 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Sticky traps ; Boronia megastigma ; Ctenarytaina thysanura ; reflectance ; hues
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Field tests on attraction of Ctenarytaina thysanura (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) adults to different coloured 30×30 cm sticky traps revealed a preference for yellow. Among the enamel colours tested, more psyllids were captured on yellow traps followed by green, then blue and least on red, cyan and magenta. Dilution of yellow enamel with 50% white (1Y: 1W) and 75% white (1Y: 3W) to produce yellow-white hues resulted in a significant decrease in psyllid capture indicating that the psyllids response to yellow was one of positive attraction and could suggest true colour discrimination. Reflectance spectra of painted surfaces of the enamel colours and also yellow to white hues indicated that psyllid capture rates were directly related to the proportion of light reflected in the 500–560 nm region. The biological basis of the observed C. thysanura response may be that yellow is the most intensely reflective colour in the general part of the spectrum for leaves which reflect most light in the 500–600 nm (peak 550 nm) range.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 66 (1993), S. 59-74 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Boronia megastigma ; Ctenarytaina thysanura ; integrated pest management (IPM) ; organophosphate ; parasitoids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An integrated pest management programme for control of the psyllid,Ctenarytaina thysanura (Ferris & Klyver) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in commercial boronia plantations was developed and implemented from 1986–1989. The programme involved spraying boronia stems only with the systemic organophosphate mevinphos at peak incidence of late stage nymphs. At this time, the majority of parasitoids were pupating within mummified hosts. Consequently, actively feeding nymphs were potentially susceptible to mevinphos but the parasitoids were not. Stem application negated any contact effect on parasitoids and predators. The conservation of natural enemies subsequently reduced psyllid numbers and no insecticide has been required since 1989. In economic terms the benefit to cost ratio of the IPM programme was $22.40: $1.0 and this was 40 times greater than the conventional 10 demeton-S-methyl sprays used by growers prior to the study.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 82 (1997), S. 175-180 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Coreidae ; Hemiptera ; Eucalyptus ; phytotoxicoses ; salivary enzymes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Amorbus obscuricornis (Westwood) and Gelonus tasmanicus (Le Guillou) (Heteroptera: Coreidae) are specific to Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae). A. obscuricornis feeds almost exclusively upon apical shoots and causes a characteristic wilting and necrosis. By comparison, the feeding activities of G. tasmanicus result in no obvious phytotoxicosis. Salivary gland extracts from both species exhibited sucrase activity but no pectinmethylesterase (PME) activity. Saliva from A. obscuricornis also exhibited considerable oxidase activity. Sucrase activity was significantly higher in extracts derived from G. tasmanicus than from A. obscuricornis, but this could not explain the observed differences in phytotoxic symptoms. It is suggested that differences in plant damage are attributable to the site of feeding activity (i.e. young versus mature tissue), which predetermines the reactivity of host tissues, and/or the quantity of salivary enzymes injected.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The annals of regional science 27 (1993), S. 175-182 
    ISSN: 1432-0592
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography , Economics
    Notes: Abstract The focus of this paper is an empirical examination of the importance of an industry in terms of its contribution to regional employment. It uses a closed input-output model. Four alternative measures of importance are presented and explored in the framework of a 58-industry input-output model of the Australian State of Tasmania. The four measures are compared to each other, to direct employment and to a multiplier-based rule-of-thumb. Our preferred measure is one which takes into account both direct effects and the strength of backward linkages. The rule-of-thumb is found to be highly correlated to this measure.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 19 (1990), S. 94-100 
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two commercially important species of Louisiana crayfish,Procambarus clarkii (Girard) andP. acutus acutus (Girard), from the Atchafalaya River Basin, from open ponds and from the sediment and water of these environs were sampled three times during two consecutive fishing (production) seasons. The abdominal muscle and hepatopancreatic tissue were analyzed separately. Lead, mercury, and cadmium, if present, were in concentrations below the detection limit. In the hepatopancreatic tissue, barium was present in concentrations below 8 mg/kg, copper 11–15 mg/kg, and iron below 640 mg/kg. Abdominal muscle samples had less than 3 mg/kg of most metals. Locations with the highest levels of metal residues in sediment were not necessarily locations where crayfish had the highest levels in their tissues.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 49 (1999), S. 481-488 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Ion Chromatography ; Artificial neural networks ; Modelling ; Optimisation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was investigated as a method to model retention times of anions in nonsuppressed and suppressed ion chromatography (IC) using a range of eluents and stationary phases, with the results being compared to those obtained using mathematical retention models. The optimal ANN architecture was determined for six specific IC cases of increasing complexity. Analysis of the retention times predicted using the ANN and those predicted by the mathematical models showed that the ANN approach yielded superior performance in all of the above cases. The use of a limited training data set configured in a central composite experimental design was suitable for application of the ANN to non-suppressed IC but was not applicable to suppressed IC, for which a more extensive training data set was necessary.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: biological control ; cantharid ; supplementary food ; coccinellids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Chrysophtharta bimaculata Olivier (Col. Chrysomelidae) est un défoliateur important des régénérations d'eucalyptus en Tasmanie: il cause une forte réduction de l'accroissement en hauteur et en diamètre des arbres, réduisant ainsi le cubage de bois produit à l'hectare. En 1991 et 1992, une étude pour conserver et accroître l'efficacité de coccinelles, principalementCleobora mellyi Mulsant (Col.: Coccinellidae), et d'une cantharide,Chauliognathus pulchellus (Macleay) (Col.: Cantharidae) comme agents de lutte biologique, a été faite dans les jeunes peuplements forestiers de Tasmanie du sud pour la lutte biologique deC. bimaculata. Les cantharides adultes et les adultes et larves de coccinelles se nourrissent des œufs deC. bimaculata et à un degré moindre, des jeunes larves. L'activité des coccinelles était la plus importante pendant le stade œuf et les premier et deuxième stades larvaires deC. bimaculata. Les cantharides n'étaient actives que durant le stade œuf de la proie puis disparaissaient de la parcelle. Les coccinelles étaient donc les prédateurs les plus utiles, mais leur population diminuait lorsque la proie atteignait les 3e et 4e stades larvaires. Comme le manque de nourriture pouvait être à l'origine de leur diminution, un complément de nourriture a été fourni sous forme de pulvérisation de saccharose ou de granules de sucre déposées à une station de nourrissage. Ceci a provoqué le maintien des populations des deux prédateurs, particulièrement des coccinelles, et a augmenté leur efficacité.
    Notes: Abstract Chrysophtharta bimaculata (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is a major defoliator of regeneration eucalypt trees in Tasmania causing a significant reduction in height and diameter increment of trees which reduces wood volume per hectare. A study to conserve and enhance the efficiency of coccinellid species chieflyCleobora mellyi (Mulsant) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), and the cantharid,Chauliognathus pulchellus (Macleay) (Coleoptera: Cantharidae), for the biological control ofC. bimaculata was conducted in young regeneration forests in southern Tasmania from 1991–92. Cantharid adults and coccinellid adults and larvae feed onC. bimaculata eggs and, to a lesser extent, young larvae. The study found that coccinellids were more active throughout the egg and early (1st and 2nd) stage ofC. bimaculata. The cantharid, however was active only during the egg stage of the prey and then disappeared from the plantation. The coccinellids were therefore the most useful predators, but their population declined when the prey reached the 3rd and 4th stages. As shortage of food may account for this decline, supplementary food was provided in the form of sucrose sprays or sugar granules at a feeding station. This resulted in the retention of both predators and particularly the coccinellids and enhanced their efficacy.
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