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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 63 (1993), S. 2890-2892 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The motion of ions emerging from an electron-cyclotron-resonance plasma source has been investigated. Trajectories have been calculated by solving the ion equations of motion in a divergent magnetic field and an electrostatic longitudinal accelerating field which has to be evaluated self-consistently. The trajectory calculations have been combined with a Monte Carlo procedure for choosing the initial ion phase space variables in order to study the propagation of the ion distribution function. It is shown that outside the chamber the spatial profile of this distribution is increasingly broadened with distance from the second magnet due to the diverging magnetic field lines, while at the same time the ions gain energy from the electrostatic field. For an argon plasma a mean ion beam energy of about 16 eV with respect to the plasma source potential results at the target plane in a distance of 60 cm from the source.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 103 (1995), S. 4367-4370 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Soret coefficients and mass diffusion coefficients of mixtures of toluene and n-hexane have been measured by thermal diffusion forced Rayleigh scattering (TDFRS) and are compared with literature data. For the mass diffusion coefficients a good agreement between different experimental techniques is found. For the Soret coefficients contradictory results are obtained from thermogravitational column measurements, small angle Rayleigh scattering, and TDFRS. Arguments supporting the TDFRS data are presented. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 104 (1996), S. 248-254 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The decay of a spatial transient temperature grating created within the molecular glass former phenolphthalein-dimethylether (PDE) relates to the hydrodynamic heat diffusion and the dynamics of local density fluctuations. The characteristics of the latter process agree well with the structural α relaxation observed by photon correlation and dielectric spectroscopy near and above the glass transition temperature Tg. When the α-relaxation time approaches the experimental timescale set-in by the thermal diffusivity the specific heat undergoes a dispersion. In either side of this dynamic regime, heat diffusion and α relaxation are independent modes. "Two fluid'' models of the vitreous state conform to the experimental observations. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 101 (1994), S. 10474-10480 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The thermally reversible single-crystal-to-single-crystal [2+2] photodimerization of a styrylpyrylium salt, (E)-2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-ethenyl]pyrylium- trifluormethansulfonate, has been investigated by means of a laser-induced holographic grating technique. By irradiation far into the long wavelength absorption tail, the single crystalline character of the sample can be retained both during the photodimerization and the thermal backreaction. Without irradiation the holographic gratings are stable at room temperature, but decay at elevated temperatures. From the temperature dependence of the holographic growth and decay curves an upper limit for the activation energy for the photodimerization is obtained to 15.2 kJ/mol. For the thermal cyclobutane cleavage an activation energy of 99 kJ/mol and an attempt frequency of 1.2×1012 s−1 are found. © 1994 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 115 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Eleven winter rapeseed inbred lines (I4) were characterized according to isozyme banding patterns from seven polymorphic enzyme systems. All lines could be qualitatively and quantitatively distinguished using two enzyme systems, shikimate dehydrogenase (SDH) and diaphorase (DIA). Genetic distances were calculated among lines and 15 selected two-line hybrids were planted as experimental synthetics in field-trials. Syn-0 populations produced seed yields between 0.4% lower and 12.9% higher than the mean yields of the respective parental lines. Syn-1 seed yields were 11–24.1% higher than the respective parental lines and the yield improvement was positively correlated with the genetic distance between the parental lines. This tendency suggests that genetic distances between cross components, calculated from isozyme polymorphism, can be used in prognosis of yield performance of synthetic rapeseed cultivars. Isozyme analysis was also applied to study fertilization behaviour in line mixtures, and differences among parental lines were observed with regard to the tendency for self-pollination or out-crossing. The partially very high outcrossing rate suggests the possible existence of a self-incompatibility system.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 117 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: DNA polymorphism among nine cultivars of Asparagus officinalis L. was measured using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Of 69 reproducible amplification products from 12 arbitrary decamer primers, 49 RAPD markers were polymorphic and could be used to distinguish six German and three Dutch asparagus cultivars. Even with very small sample sizes, genetic similarity measurements based on the RAPD data allowed accurate grouping of the nine cultivars into distinct clusters, with the exception of two individuals which clustered to closely related varieties. Two German cultivars showed high genetic similarity and were distinct from the remaining German varieties. The German and Dutch cultivars were clearly separated by a relatively large genetic distance.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 98 (1993), S. 660-668 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Thermodiffusion, the cross coupling between temperature and concentration, is studied in dilute polymer solutions by forced Rayleigh light scattering. First a spatial temperature grating is created within the solution by absorption of an optical interference grating and subsequently a concentration grating builds up. The time-dependent diffraction efficiency of both gratings is described by a phenomenological model from which the thermal diffusivity, the ordinary diffusion coefficient, and the thermodiffusion coefficient are obtained without the need for absolute intensity measurements or calibration with a known standard. No labeling of the polymer chains with photochromic dyes is required. Experimental details and potential pitfalls are discussed. Measurements are carried out on polystyrene in ethyl acetate and the obtained values compare well with data taken from the literature.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Electrical engineering 35 (1941), S. 603-608 
    ISSN: 1432-0487
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Einen einfachen und betriebssicheren Abreißbogen erhält man, wenn man der Bogengleichspannung eine Wechselspannung derart überlagert, daß der Minimalwert der resultierenden Spannung unter der Brennspannung des Bogens liegt. Es gelingt mit dieser Anordnung, bei Aluminium-Elektroden mit einer 50periodigen Wechselspannung Brenndauern von etwa 0,004 bis 0,015 s zu erzielen. Die sehr lichtstarke Entladung kann bis zu 45 min bei Aluminium aufrechterhalten werden.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Heat and mass transfer 26 (1991), S. 323-330 
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Für den Parameterbereich konventioneller Dampferzeuger wurde an einer Hochdruckversuchsanlage der Druckverlust in glatten und innenberippten Verdampferrohren gemessen. Basierend auf diesen Experimenten und Meßwerten aus der Literatur wurden Verfahren entwickelt, mit denen der Reibungsdruckverlust in diesen Rohren mit guter Genauigkeit berechnet werden kann. Um die diesen Verfahren zugrundeliegenden Modellvorstellungen zu überprüfen, wurde die Staudruckverteilung bei einund zweiphasiger Durchströmung in glatten und innenberippten Rohren bestimmt. Durch Vergleichsmessungen, die bei horizontaler und vertikaler Rohrlage durchgeführt wurden, konnte außerdem die sogenannte Gravitationsdichte, der der geodätische Druckabfall proportional ist, für innenberippte Rohre ermittelt werden.
    Notes: Abstract The pressure drop in smooth and rifled evaporator tubes was measured on a high pressure test facility for the range of parameters of a conventional steam generator. Based on these experiments and results from literature, methods were developed by which the frictional pressure loss in these tubes may be calculated with a good degree of accuracy. To verify the assumptions on which these models are based, the stagnation pressure distribution in single-phase and two-phase flow in smooth and rifled tubes was determined. By comparing measurements taken on tubes in horizontal and vertical orientation, the so called liquid hold-up, which is a measure for the hydrostatic pressure drop, could be determined for rifled tubes.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN) represents a milder form of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD), the most frequent peroxisomal disorder. The disease is characterised by an abnormal accumulation of saturated, very long chain, fatty acids, because of altered peroxisomal ß-oxidation that concomitantly leads to demyelination in the central and peripheral nervous systems. ALD shows a highly variable phenotypic expression and extensive mutation analysis in ALD patients has failed to establish a genotype-phenotype correlation, even in the presence of the same ALD-gene defect. Therefore, we have looked for a relationship between the molecular lesion and the age of onset in 19 patients with a well-classified clinical course of AMN. The nearly complete novel spectrum of ALD gene mutations identified has revealed no obvious correlation between the type of mutation and age of AMN onset in this small series. However, intrafamiliar concordance could be observed with respect to the occurrence of adrenocortical insufficiency. This supports the idea of one (or more) additional gene(s) contributing to the phenotypic expression of ALD.
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