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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (1,527)
  • 2020-2022
  • 2010-2014  (1)
  • 1990-1994  (1,526)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aluminum-Induced DNA synthesis in osteobalsts: Mediation by a G-protein coupled cation sensing mechanism (1994)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 56 (1994), S. 106-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: cation-sensing receptor ; BoPCaR ; diacyglycerol ; gadolinium ; fluoroaluminate ; de nove bone formation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Alumminium (Al3+) stimulates de novo bono formation in dogs and is a potent stimulate for DNA synthesis in non-transformed osteoblast in vitro. The recent identification of a G-protein couplked cation-sensing recepector(BoPCaR), which is activated by polycalant agonists [e.g., gadolinium (Gd3+) 〉 neomycin 〉 calcium(CA3+)], suggests that a similer physiologically inportant cation sensing receptor may be presant in obsoblasts and pharmacologically activated by Al3+. To evalute that possibility, we assessed whether known as BoPCaR agonists on DNA synthesis in a dose-dependent fashion, achiving 50% effective extracelluler concennetration (EC50) of 10 μM, 30 μM, 60 μM, and 2.5 mM, respectively. Al3+ displayed non-additive effect on DNA sunthesis with the BoPCAaR agonists as well as an unrelated G-porotien coupled receptor agonists, PGF2α, suggesting shared mechenisms of action. In contrast, the recepator tyrosine kinse agonist, IGF-1(10 ηg/ml), displayed additive proliferative effects when comboined with AlCl3, inducating distinct signalling pathways. AlCl3 (25 μM) induced DAG levels 2-fold and the phosphorylation of the myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase (MARKS) substrates 4-fold, but did not increase intracelluler calcium concenitrations. Doen-regardation of PKC by pre-treatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate as well as PKC inhebitation by H-7 and staurosporine blocked Al3+ -inducing DNA synthesis. Finally, Al3+, Gd3+, nemomycin, and Ca2+ activated G-proteins inn osteoblast membrans as evidenced by increased colvant binding pf [32P]-GTP-azidoanilide to putaitve Gα subunits. Our findings suggests that Al3+ stimulates DNA synthesis in ostoblasts through a cation sansing mechnism coupled to G-protein activation and signalling cascades involvings DAG and PCK- dependent pathways.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240560115
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of coal by matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry. II. Pyrolysis tars and liquefaction extracts from the argonne coal samples (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 8 (1994), S. 815-822 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Coal pyrolysis tars and liquefaction extracts prepared from the set of eight Argonne coal samples have been characterized by MALDI-MS. A Kratos Kompact MALDI III linear time-of-flight mass spectrometer was used, with a nitrogen laser operating at 337 nm and sinapinic acid as matrix. Spectra were collected by summing 50 laser pulses at low laser fluence to avoid fragmentation of desorbed ions. At low mass, 200-500 u, spectra from the pyrolysis tars and liquefaction extracts showed common features: intense peaks originating from the sinapinic acid matrix, m/z 205, 224 and 246, and, a range of peaks in the mass range from about 250 u to 400 u, which probably corresponds to overlapping homologous series of apparently polar material. A peak of ion intensity between 1000 and 5000 u was systematically observed, which was sample dependent and not always similar for the tar and extract prepared from the same coal. At high masses, separate trends were observed for coal pyrolysis tars and liquefaction extracts: molar mass ranges of pyrolysis tars were smaller, and showed no particular trend with carbon content of the original coal; these findings are consistent with size-exclusion chromatography derived findings. Spectra of liquefaction extracts extended over wider ranges of molar masses and increased with increasing coal rank; the highest masses extended to 50 000u. Overall, pyrolysis tars appeared structurally different from liquefaction extracts and more difficult to desorb. The effect of changes in laser fluence and ion extraction voltage on mass spectra have been investigated: high-mass regions of the spectra were found to be very sensitive to the magnitude of the ion extraction voltage. No carbon clusters or fullerene structures were detected.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290081005
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of kerogens by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectroscopy (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 8 (1994), S. 823-828 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Two kerogen samples from shales of different geological age, selected from each of Types I, II and III, have been characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectroscopy (MALDI-MS). A Kratos Kompact MALDI III time-of-flight mass spectrometer equipped with a nitrogen laser operated at 337 nm was used on samples mounted in a matrix of sinapinic acid. The spectrometer was used in linear mode with a mass range up to 270 000 u and an ion extraction voltage of 20 kV. Individual spectra from 50 laser shots at low laser fluence were summed for each spectrum. The present study is a first attempt at characterizing kerogens by MALDI-MS. At low mass (200-500 u) families of peaks consisting of overlapping homologous series of apparently polar compounds have been observed: these peaks appear to be distinct from those due to the matrix material. In higher mass regions of the spectra, continua of masses extending from 1000 u up to around 10 000 u were observed; ions at higher masses were separated to baseline up to masses of 50 000 u. Evidence was found for a relationship between the minimum laser power sufficient for activating the MALDI-ionization process and the geological age of the kerogens; the laser power decreased as the geological age increased. In the case of one kerogen, a high laser fluence was used to generate molecular ions up to the detection limit of the mass spectrometer, in excess of 260 000 u. This paper presents results from a preliminary study of kerogens which requires an in-depth examination of the desorption process in complex mixtures.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290081006
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of coal by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry. I. The argonne coal samples (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 8 (1994), S. 808-814 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The Argonne set of coals cover the rank range from lignite to semi-anthracite; these samples have been studied by matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) in a time-of-flight mass spectrometer equipped with a nitrogen laser at 337 nm, using sinapinic acid as matrix. The coal particle size was less than 5 microns. The characteristics of the MALDI-MS spectra of the set of coals were found to be rank-related; desorption from high-rank coals was found to take place with greater relative ease than from low-rank coals. Two major features were found in all spectra: a homologous series of peaks in the 200-500 u mass range and an intense peak between 1000 and 5000 u, the particular shape of the peak depending on coal rank. A continuum of lower intensity peaks extending to very large molecular masses was found in all spectra, the upper limit of molecular masses increasing with coal rank at the same laser fluence. The effect of changes in laser power on spectra was investigated: upper mass limits were found to increase with power up to the detection limit of the instrument but low-mass parts of spectra were found to distort, possibly due to detector overloading. A maximum laser fluence value acceptable over the coal-rank range represented by these samples could therefore not be easily defined. None of the mass spectra showed evidence of the presence of either carbon clusters or fullerene formation, indicating that laser fluences did not reach intensities high enough to induce substantial secondary reactions. Comparing molecular mass distributions detected by MALDI of coal pyrolysis tars and directly from coals suggests the MALDI and pyrolytic mechanisms of volatile release to be structurally different; in particular, the preferential evaporation of lighter species which occurs during pyrolytic tar evolution (and during field-ionization mass spectroscopy) appears to evole material with a more restricted range of molecular masses compared to laser desorption mechanisms.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290081004
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of Putative Intermediates on the Monensin Biosynthetic Pathway and Incorporation Experiments with the Monensin-Producing Organism (1990)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 73 (1990), S. 239-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: As a direct test of the Cane-Westley hypothesis concerning the mode of assembly of ether rings in the polyether class of ionophore antibiotics, we describe experiments culminating in the synthesis of three putative intermediates on the monensin biosynthetic pathway and incorporation experiments with these materials and the monensin-producing organism Streptomyces cinnamonensis. The putative intermediates synthesised include the trienes [21-3H]-7 and [13-3H]-10, and the diene [9-3H]-11. The results of the incorporation experiments conducted with whole cell cultures suggest that [13-3H]-10 and [21-3H]-7 are unable to cross the intact cell membrane of S. cinnamonensis, whereas diene [9-3H]-11 can gain entry to the cellular interior, but is then degraded efficiently, most likely by a pathway closely related to β-oxidation, without being specifically incorporated into the antibiotic.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19900730203
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comments on some recent papers concerned with terpolymerizations involving maleic anhydride (1990)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 191 (1990), S. 1927-1929 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Differences between results for the compositions of terpolymers of styrene (S), maleic anhydride (MAH), and either methyl methacrylate or methyl acrylate may be due to the difference between the diluents used during the copolymerizations. It is agreed that the compositions of the copolymers are very different from those calculated on the basis of the appropriate binary copolymerizations. It is not certain that complexes of S and MAH are involved in the growth reactions.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1990.021910817
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of blending small amounts of homopolystyrene on the mechanical properties of a low styrene content styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer-corrections (1990)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990), S. 1180-1181 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760301812
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of blending small amounts of homopolystyrene on the mechanical properties of a low styrene content styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer (1990)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990), S. 49-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Tensile, cyclic, and tear properties were compared for several styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) triblock copolymers, KRATON D2104, D1101 and D1102, and blends of D2104 with monodisperse polystyrene of various molecular weights. D2104 is expected to have a morphology of polystyrene spheres in a polybutadiene continuous matrix. The mechanical properties of D2104 were compared to the properties of SBS materials which have higher styrene contents and exhibit cylindrical or lamellar morphologies. Blending the D2104 with polystyrene (molecular weights ranging from 2000 to 51,000) to 24 and 28 wt % total styrene content showed that the tensile strength obtained for a blend was dependent on the molecular weight of the polystyrene added. Cycle testing of the D2104-polystyrene blends showed that with increasing polystyrene content the softening effect increases with increasing strain. This indicates that the degree of phase continuity of the polystyrene domains may be changing from a spherical morphology to a cylindrical morphology similar to that of pure SBS with 28 wt % styrene content. Tear test results for the blends were also observed to be similar to the results for pure SBS of the same total polystyrene content.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760300108
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Actin dynamics during the cell cycle in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 22 (1992), S. 117-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: algae ; cell division ; cytokinesis ; mitosis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have used two monoclonal antibodies to demonstrate the presence and localization of actin in interphase and mitotic vegetative cells of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Commercially available monoclonal antibodies raised against smooth muscle actin (Lessard: Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 10:349-362, 1988; Lin: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78:2335-2339, 1981) identify Chlamydomonasactin as a ∼43,000-Mr protein by Western immunoblot procedures. In an earlier study, Detmers and coworkers (Cell Motil. 5:415-430, 1985) first identified Chlamydomonas actin using NBD-phallacidin and an antibody raised against Dictyostelium actin; they demonstrated that F-actin is localized in the fertilization tubule of mating gametes. Here, we show by immunofluorescence that vegetative Chlamydomonas cells have an array of actin that surrounds the nucleus in interphase cells and undergoes dramatic reorganization during mitosis and cytokinesis. This includes the following: reorganization of actin to the ante- rior of the cell during preprophase; the formation of a cruciate actin band in prophase; reorganization to a single anterior actin band in metaphase; rearrange- ment forming a focus of actin anterior to the metaphase plate; reextension of the actin band in anaphase; presence of actin in the forming cleavage furrow during telophase and cytokinesis; and finally reestablishment of the interphase actin array. The studies presented here do not allow us to discriminate between G and F-actin. None the less, our observations, demonstrating dynamic reorganization of actin during the cell cycle, suggest a role for actin that may include the movement of basal bodies toward the spindle poles in mitosis and the formation of the cleavage furrow during cytokinesis. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970220205
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Myosin IB null mutants of Dictyostelium exhibit abnormalities in motility (1991)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 20 (1991), S. 301-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: DMIB- cells ; F-actin ; cAMP ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Cellular and intracellular motility are compared between normal Dictyostelium amoebae and amoebae lacking myosin IB (DMIB-). DMIB- cells generate elongated cell shapes, form particulate-free pseudopodia filled with F-actin, and exhibit an anterior bias in pseudopod extension in a fashion similar to normal amoebae. DMIB- cells also exhibit a normal response to the addition of the chemoattractant cAMP, including a depression in cellular and intracellular particle velocity, depolymerization of F-actin in pseudopodia, and a concomitant increase in cortical F-actin. DMIB- cells do, however, form lateral pseudopodia roughly three times as frequently as normal cells, turn more often, and exhibit depressed average instantaneous cell velocity. DMIB- cells also exhibit a decrease in the average instantaneous velocity of intracellular particle movement and an increase in the degree of randomness in particle direction. These findings indicate that if there is functional substitution for myosin IB by other myosin I isoforms, it is at best only partial, with myosin IB being necessary for maintenance of the normal rate and persistence of cellular translocation, suppression of lateral pseudopod formation and subsequent turning, rapid intracellular particle motility, and the normal anterograde bias of intracellular particle movement. Furthermore, it is likely that the behavioral abnormalities observed here for DMIB- cells underlie the delay in the onset of chemotactic aggregation, the increase in the time required to complete streaming, and the abnormalities in morphogenesis exhibited by DMIB- cells.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970200406
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