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  • SPACE RADIATION  (6)
  • AIR TRANSPORTATION AND SAFETY  (3)
  • 2020-2021
  • 1985-1989  (6)
  • 1980-1984  (3)
  • 1
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    Information transfer during contingency operations: Emergency air-ground communications (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: Safety related problems are reported which occur as a consequence of information transfer deficiencies that arise when air/ground communications are (or should be) used as a resource in inflight emergency situations. The system factors, the human errors, and the associated causes of these problem are defined.
    Keywords: AIR TRANSPORTATION AND SAFETY
    Type: Inform. Transfer Probl. in the Aviation System; p 73-83
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    A review of in-flight emergencies in the ASRS data base (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A series of 154 in-flight emergencies as reported to the Aviation Safety Reporting System are described. The various types of emergencies are examined and an attempt is made to determine the human errors and other factors associated with each incident, as well as the measures taken to resolve the emergency. It is concluded that nearly one half of those emergencies reported were related to failure or malfunction of aircraft subsystems. Of all the emergencies, nearly one quarter were associated with power plant failure. Other frequently encountered emergency types are associated with operation in instrument meteorological conditions without appropriate clearance or qualification, and with low fuel state situations. Human error is prominently featured in many of the incidents, appearing in the actions of pilots and air traffic controllers.
    Keywords: AIR TRANSPORTATION AND SAFETY
    Type: NASA-CR-166166
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    An investigation of reports of Controlled Flight Toward Terrain (CFTT) (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Some 258 reports from more than 23,000 documents in the files of the Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) were found to be to the hazard of flight into terrain with no prior awareness by the crew of impending disaster. Examination of the reports indicate that human error was a casual factor in 64% of the incidents in which some threat of terrain conflict was experienced. Approximately two-thirds of the human errors were attributed to controllers, the most common discrepancy being a radar vector below the Minimum Vector Altitude (MVA). Errors by pilots were of a much diverse nature and include a few instances of gross deviations from their assigned altitudes. The ground proximity warning system and the minimum safe altitude warning equipment were the initial recovery factor in some 18 serious incidents and were apparently the sole warning in six reported instances which otherwise would most probably have ended in disaster.
    Keywords: AIR TRANSPORTATION AND SAFETY
    Type: NASA-CR-166230
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Application of imaging to the atmospheric Cherenkov technique (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Turver and Weekes proposed using a system of phototubes in the focal plane of a large reflector to give an air Cherenkov camera for gamma ray astronomy. Preliminary results with a 19 element camera have been reported previously. In 1983 the camera was increased to 37 pixels; it has now been routinely operated for two years. A brief physical description of the camera, its mode of operation, and the data reduction procedures are presented. The Monte Carlo simultations on which these are based on also reviewed.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: OG-9.5-4 , 19th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf - Vol. 3; p 453-456; NASA-CP-2376-VOL-3
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    Hercules X-1: Pulsed gamma-rays detected above 150 GeV (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The 1.24 second binary pulsar Her X-1, first observed in X-rays in 1971 by UHURU has now been seen as a sporadic gamma ray source from 1 TeV up to at least 500 TeV. In addition, reprocessed optical and infrared pulses are seen from the companion star HZ Herculis. Thus measurements of the Her X-1/HZ Herculis system span 15 decades in energy, rivaling both the Crab pulsar and Cygnus X-3 in this respect for a discrete galactic source.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: OG-2.2-9 , 19th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf - Vol. 1; p 119-122; NASA-CP-2376-VOL-1
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  • 6
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    Variability in the high energy gamma ray emission from Cyg X-3 over a two-year period (1983 - 1984) at E 4 x 10(11) eV (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Cygnus X-3 is observed to emit gamma rays with energies in excess of 4 x 10 to the 11th power eV during two out of 9 observational categories over an 18 month time span. The emissions are observed at the 0.6 phase of the characteristic 4.8 hr light curve for this binary system. We estimate a peak flux at phase 0.6 of 5 x 10 to the minus 10th power photons cm-2s-1 at a software threshold of 8 x 10 to the 11th power eV for Oct/Nov 1983. A flux for the June 84 effect cannot be reliably calculated at present due to lack of Monte Carlo simulations for the energy range and spectral region. For the other 7 observational categories the observations are consistent with zero source emission. The light curve would appear to be variable on a time scale of a couple of weeks at these categories. Selection of compact images in accordance with Monte Carlo simulations combined with empirical optimization techniques have led to an enriched gamma ray light curve for the Oct/Nov 1983 data. Selection on the basis of shower orientation, however, has not led to any notable enhancement of the gamma ray content. Individual Cherenko images can be reliably sorted on an event by event basis into either proton-induced or photon-induced showers.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: OG-2.1-11 , 19th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf - Vol. 1; p 87-90; NASA-CP-2376-VOL-1
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  • 7
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    Search for gamma-rays from M31 and other extragalactic objects (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Although the existence of fluxes of gamma-rays of energies 10 to the 12th power eV is now established for galactic sources, the detection of such gamma-rays from extragalactic sources has yet to be independently confirmed in any case. The detection and confirmation of such energetic photons is of great astrophysical importance in the study of production mechanisms for cosmic rays, and other high energy processes in extragalactic objects. Observations of m31 are discussed. It is reported as a 10 to the 12th power eV gamma-ray source. Flux limits on a number of other extragalactic objects chosen for study are given.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: OG-2.7-3 , 19th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf - Vol. 1; p 264-267; NASA-CP-2376-VOL-1
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  • 8
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    Search for gamma-rays above 400 GeV from Geminga (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Observations of Geminga made at the Whipple Observatory using the atmospheric Cherenkov technique during the moonless periods of November 1983 to February 1984 and November 1984 till February 1985 were examined for evidence for the emission of gamma rays with energy in excess of approx 400 GeV. Evidence of either a steady flux or a flux pulsed with a period near 60 seconds were studied. In neither case was any significant effect observed, enabling the establishment 3 of sigma upper limits of 5.5 x 10 to the -11th power photons/sq cm/s and 2.0 x 10 to the -11th power photons/sq cm/s for the steady and pulsed emission respectively. The limit to the pulsed flux is approximately a factor of six below that predicted.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: OG-2.4-4 , 19th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf - Vol. 1; p 173-176; NASA-CP-2376-VOL-1
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    Observations of the Crab Nebula at energies 4.10(11) (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Since the development of gamma-ray astronomical telescopes, the Crab Nebula has been a prime target for observations. From 100 to 1000 MeV, the pulsar PSR0531 is the dominant source with a light-curve similar to that seen at lower energies; there is also some evidence for longterm amplitude variations but none for emission from the Nebula itself. In the very high energy gamma-ray region there have been reported detections of pulsed emission with longterm time variations from minutes to months. Recently a pulsed flux has been reported that resisted over a long time interval. The detection of a flux from the Nebula at the 3 sigma level at energies of 3x1011eV was reported; there was no evidence of periodic emissions on any time scale during the three years of observations. A new measurement of very high energy gamma rays from the Crab Nebula is reported using the imaging system on the Whipple Observatory 10m reflector.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: OG-2.3-1 , 19th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf - Vol. 1; p 131-134; NASA-CP-2376-VOL-1
    Format: application/pdf
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