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  • Inorganic Chemistry  (6)
  • *Light  (2)
  • Chemical Engineering  (2)
  • 2020-2021
  • 1995-1999  (6)
  • 1960-1964  (4)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 41 (1995), S. 389-401 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An asymptotic analysis based on Taylor series expansions is used for first-order correction terms to the Henry's law approximation to describe solvation phenomena in multiple solute-multiple solvent systems. The magnitude of these correction terms in solvent systems very near their critical points is of particular concern, as shown in model fluid calculations with the aid of integral equation theory. The results clearly demonstrate that close proximity to the critical point in pure and mixed solvent systems causes the Henry's law approximation to show large errors in predicting solubilities, especially near the critical azeotrope of a mixed solvent system. Theoretical results also show that cross solubility enhancements in a two solutesupercritical solvent system cause cooperative synergism (both solute solubilities are increased relative to the corresponding single solute situations) or reverse synergism (both depressed relative to the single solute situation). It appears to be consistent with the available data. In computer simulations, the solute's infinitely dilute reference state is often used as a basis for describing solute thermodynamic behavior. These simulations are best achieved in the canonical ensemble because of the weak composition dependence of free energies in terms of characteristic variables of this ensemble.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 41 (1995), S. 2300-2305 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The relative merits of various approaches using computer simulation methods for estimating first-order correction terms to Henry's law in dilute supercritical mixtures are investigated. Three thermodynamic formulations are provided for the calculation of these properties. One method, termed the fluctuation integral approach, requires the explicit calculation of solute-solvent pair correlation functions at the infinite dilution limit, which is a difficult task for simulations given the conflicting demands of both small numbers of solute species (for approximating the infinite dilution limit) as well as the need for large numbers of solute species to improve simulation statistics. A second approach, called the pressure gradient method, does not require the explicit, determination of these solute-solute functions and, as a result, is not as sensitive to the choice of system size and other difficulties associated with establishing an adequate ensemble size and/or number of solute species to be used in the simulations. The third approach uses the exact formulation for the property of interest using Kirkwood-Buff theory. This approach, however, requires all the solute pair correlation functions to be established, making it the most sensitive to issues concerning number of solute species used in the simulations, and so on. An examples is given showing simulation results for these approaches, illustrating their respective strengths and drawbacks.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 93 (1960), S. 289-297 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die durch Reaktion von β-Chloräthyl-benzol oder von im Benzolkern methoxylsubstituierten Derivaten mit Nitril-Metallhalogenid-Komplexen entstehenden Nitriliumsalze können durch Erhitzen mit guten Ausbeuten in 3.4-Dihydro-isochinolin-Derivate übergeführt werden. Der Einsatz von methoxylsubstituierten Nitrile ergibt geringe Ausbeuten.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Das Verfahren zur Synthese von 3.4-Dihydro-isochinolin-Derivaten durch Ringschluß der aus β-Halogenalkyl-benzol und elektrophilen Metallhalogenid-Nitril-Komplexen erhaltenen Nitriliumsalze wird jetzt zur Darstellung des 3.4-Dihydro-papaverins und verwandter Verbindungen angewandt. Zu diesem Zweck werden verschiedenen alkoxysubstituierte β-Halogenalkyl-benzole eingesetzt. Die Ergebnisse stimmen mit der früheren Interpretation überein.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 94 (1961), S. 208-216 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die aus der Umsetzung von o-Chlormethyl-anilin-hydrochlorid mit elektrophilen Metallhalogenid-Nitril-Komplexen entstandenen Nitriliumsalze führen durch Ringschluß zu 3.4-Dihydro-chinazolin-Derivaten. Die Ausbeuten sind ausgezeichnet und, wie es scheint, unabhängig von der Natur der Nitrile. - Das o-Chlormethyl-N-methyl-anilin-hydrochlorid verhält sich ähnlich, doch erhält man hier die 1.4-Dihydro-chinazoline.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 97 (1964), S. 2234-2243 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 2-Chlor-2-methyl-pentanon-(4) reagiert mit Nitril-Zinn(IV)-chlorid-Komplexen über die entsprechenden Nitriliumsalze in Gesamtausbeuten von etwa 70% zu 2-substituierten 4.4.6-Trimethyl-4H-1.3-oxazinen (III) neben 2-Acylamino-2-methyl-pentanonen-(4)(IV). Mit drei anderen β-Chlor-ketonen erhält man die entsprechenden β-Acylamino-ketone in 40-70% d. Th.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Stibocanes ; conformational analysis ; x-ray structures ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Beziehung zwischen starker transannularer sekundärer Bindung und Konformation in Diphenyldithiophosphinatstibocanen X(CH2CH2S)2SbS2PPh2 (X = O, S)Die beiden Stibocane 1-Oxa-4,6-dithia-5-stibocan-diphenyldithiophosphinat O(CH2CH2S)2SbS2PPh2 1 und 1,3,6-Trithia-2-stibocan-diphenyldithiophosphinat S(CH2CH2S)2SbS2PPh2 2 wurden aus den entsprechenden Chloro-oxa- und -thia-stibocanen 3 und 6 sowie dem Ammoniumsalz der Diphenyldithiophosphinsäure in CH2Cl2 dargestellt. 1 und 2 wurden durch IR, EI-MS und Multikern-NMR-(1H, 13C, 31P{1H}) Spektren charakterisiert. Die Kristallstruktur von 1 zeigt zwei Sb1 ⃛ S1 intermolekulare Wechselwirkungen [3.987(2) Å] so daß sich ein dimeres Molekül ergibt sowie eine endocyclische, transannulare Sb1 ⃛ O1 [2.555(6) Å] und eine exocyclische Sb1 ⃛ S4 sekundäre Wechselwirkung [3.327(2) Å]. Die Koordination am Antimon kann als AX4YE ψ-trigonal bipyramidale Geometrie beschrieben werden, mit A = Sb, X = S1, S2, S3, O1; Y = S4. S1, S2 und das freie Elektronenpaar liegen in der äquatorialen Ebene, O1 und S3 besetzen die axialen Positionen. Die sekundäre Bindung Sb1 ⃛ S4 liegt über einer Ebene, die von dem freien Elektronenpaar der trigonalen Bipyramide, S2 und S3 gebildet wird. Molekül 2 zeigt ebenfalls eine endocyclische, transannulare Sb1 ⃛ S2 [2.949(3) Å] und eine exocyclische Sb1 ⃛ S5 sekundäre Wechselwirkung [3.216(3) Å]. Antimon ist hier ebenfalls fünffach koordiniert, wodurch sich eine AX4YE ψ-trigonale bipyramidale Geometrie ergibt, mit S1, S3 und dem freien Elektronenpaar in der äquatorialen Ebene und mit S2 und S4 in den axialen Positionen. Die sekundäre Bindung Sb1 ⃛ S5 liegt auch hier über einer Ebene, die von dem freien Elektronenpaar der trigonalen Bipyramide, S3 und S4 gebildet wird.
    Notes: The two stibocanes 1-oxa-4,6-dithia-5-stibocane diphenyldithiophosphinate O(CH2CH2S)2SbS2PPh2 1 and 1,3,6-trithia-2-stibocane diphenyldithiophosphinate S(CH2CH2S)2 · SbS2PPh2 2 were prepared from the corresponding chloro oxa- and thia-stibocanes 3 and 6, and the ammonium salt of diphenyldithiophosphinic acid in CH2Cl2. 1 and 2 were characterized by IR, EI-MS and multinuclear NMR (1H, 13C, 31P{1H}). The crystalline state of 1 features two Sb1 ⃛ S1 intermolecular interactions [3.987(2) Å] that results in a dimer. Alongside 1 displays both an endocyclic, transannular Sb1 ⃛ O1 interaction [2.555(6) Å] and an exocyclic Sb1 ⃛ S4 secondary interaction [3.327(2) Å]. The coordination geometry at the antimony could be described as AX4YE ψ-trigonal bipyramid geometry with A = Sb, X = S1, S2, S3,O1; Y = S4; S1, S2 and the lone pair lays on the equatorial plane with O1 and S4 in axial positions. The Sb1 ⃛ S4 secondary bonding is face capping one of the planes form by the lone pair, S2 and S3 of the trigonal bipyramid. 2 also displays both an endocyclic, transannular Sb1 ⃛ S2 interaction [2.949(3) Å] and an exocyclic Sb1 ⃛ S5 secondary interaction [3.216(3) Å]. The antimony becomes five-coordinate, giving the AX4YE ψ-trigonal bipyramid geometry with S1, S3 and the lone pair laying on the equatorial plane with S2 and S4 in axial positions. The Sb1 ⃛ S5 also here is face capping the plane form by the lone pair, S3 and S4 of the trigonal bipyramid.The conformation of the eight membered ring in 2 is boat-chair. In 1 the main conformation is chair-planar.Die Konformation des Achtringes in 2 ist Wanne-Sessel. In 1 ist die Konformation des Achtringes Sessel-planar.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Stibocanes ; dithiophosphinates ; conformational analysis ; x-ray structures ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Konformative Trends und intermolekulare Assoziation in Dialkyldithiophosphinat-Stibocanen X(CH2CH2S)2SbS2PR2 (X = O, S; R = Me, Et)Alkylstibocanes O/S(CH2CH2S) 2SbS2PMe2/ Et2 1-4 wurden aus den entsprechenden Chlorooxa- und -thiastibocanen bzw. Natriumdialkyldithiophosphinaten in CH2Cl2 dargestellt und durch IR, EI-MS und Multikern-NMR (1H, 13C, 31P{1H}) charakterisiert. Die Kristall- und Molekülstrukturen von O(CH2CH2S) 2SbS2PMe2 1 und S(CH2CH2S) 2PMe2 3 wurden bestimmt. Die Kristallstruktur von 1 zeigt ein Dimer durch zwei Sb … S-intermolekulare Wechselwirkungen (3,960(3) Å). 3 bildet im kristallinen Zustand eine dimere Struktur durch eine sekundäre Sb … Sb-Bindung (4,067(1) Å), 1 und 3 zeigen endocyclische, transannulare Sb … O/S-Wechselwirkungen (1: 2,561(7) Å; 3: 2,972(1) Å) und exocyclische, sekundäre Sb … S-Bindungen (1: 3,454(2) Å; 3: 3,147(2) Å). Die Strukturen von 1 und 3 können als trigonal bipyramidal beschrieben werden mit zusätzlichen sekundären Kontakten über eine Ebene bzw. Kantenverbrückt. Die Konformation des Achtrings in 3 ist Wanne-Sessel, die in 1 Sessel-planar.
    Notes: The alkyl stibocanes O/S(CH2CH2S)2SbS2PMe2/ Et2 1-4 were prepared from the corresponding chloro oxa and thiastibocanes, and sodium dialkyldithiophosphinates in CH2Cl2. Compounds 1-4 were characterized by IR, EI-MS and multinuclear NMR (1H, 13C, 31P{1H}). The crystal and molecular structures of O(CH2CH2S)2SbS2PMe2 1 and S(CH2CH2S)2SbS2PMe2 3 were determined. The crystalline state of 1 has two Sb … S intermolecular interactions [3.960(3) Å] that results in a dimer. The crystalline state of 3 features a dimeric structure through an Sb … Sb secondary bonding [4.067(1) Å]. Compounds 1 and 3 display both an endocyclic, transannular Sb … O/S interaction [1, 2.561(7) Å; 3 2.972(1) Å] and an exocyclic Sb … S secondary bonding [1, 3.454(2) Å, 3, 3.147(2) Å]. The coordination geometry in 1 and 3 could be described as trigonal bipyramidal with additional secondary bonding contacts face capping or edge bridging the polyhedron. The conformation of the eight membered ring in 3 is boat-chair. Whereas in 1, the mean conformation is chair-planar.
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1999-04-16
    Description: In mammals, ocular photoreceptors mediate an acute inhibition of pineal melatonin by light. The effect of rod and cone loss on this response was assessed by combining the rd mutation with a transgenic ablation of cones (cl) to produce mice lacking both photoreceptor classes. Despite the loss of all known retinal photoreceptors, rd/rd cl mice showed normal suppression of pineal melatonin in response to monochromatic light of wavelength 509 nanometers. These data indicate that mammals have additional ocular photoreceptors that they use in the regulation of temporal physiology.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lucas, R J -- Freedman, M S -- Munoz, M -- Garcia-Fernandez, J M -- Foster, R G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 16;284(5413):505-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2AZ, UK. r.j.lucas@ic.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10205062" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Clocks/physiology ; Circadian Rhythm/*physiology ; Cryptochromes ; Darkness ; *Drosophila Proteins ; *Eye Proteins ; Flavoproteins/genetics/physiology ; *Light ; Light Signal Transduction ; Melatonin/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Mice, Transgenic ; *Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate ; Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate/*physiology ; Pineal Gland/*metabolism ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; Retina/cytology/*physiology ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/physiology ; Retinal Pigments/genetics/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1999-04-16
    Description: Circadian rhythms of mammals are entrained by light to follow the daily solar cycle (photoentrainment). To determine whether retinal rods and cones are required for this response, the effects of light on the regulation of circadian wheel-running behavior were examined in mice lacking these photoreceptors. Mice without cones (cl) or without both rods and cones (rdta/cl) showed unattenuated phase-shifting responses to light. Removal of the eyes abolishes this behavior. Thus, neither rods nor cones are required for photoentrainment, and the murine eye contains additional photoreceptors that regulate the circadian clock.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Freedman, M S -- Lucas, R J -- Soni, B -- von Schantz, M -- Munoz, M -- David-Gray, Z -- Foster, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 16;284(5413):502-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10205061" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Clocks/*physiology ; Circadian Rhythm/*physiology ; *Light ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Motor Activity ; *Ocular Physiological Phenomena ; Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate/*physiology ; Pigments, Biological/physiology ; Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells/physiology ; Retinal Pigments/physiology ; Retinal Rod Photoreceptor Cells/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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