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  • Springer  (125)
  • Hindawi  (15)
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  • 2000-2004  (61)
  • 1995-1999  (76)
  • 1965-1969  (3)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 34 (1995), S. 485-491 
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The miscibility of blends of poly(α-methyl styrene-co-methacrylic acid) (PαMSMA) with various alkyl methacrylate polymers or poly(alkyl methacrylate-co-4-vinylpyridine) was studied by differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infra red spectroscopy. PαMSMA is immiscible with poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(ethyl methacrylate) and poly(n-butyl methacrylate). The introduction of 4-vinylpyridine by random free radical copolymerization within these alkyl methacrylate polymer chains enhanced the miscibility of these copolymers with PαMSMA as a result of specific interactions that occurred between the carboxylic and pyridine groups, evidenced from the significant changes observed by FTIR in the carboxyl and pyridine ring regions. The density of interacting groups required for miscible blends depends on the size of the pendant group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 30 (1998), S. 193-200 
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Using 125 ps laser pulses, we observe three-photon absorption in room temperature InAs at a wavelength of 9.54 µm. This effect is readily identified by temperature-tuning the semiconductor bandgap through the three-photon absorption edge. A three-photon absorption coefficient of K3 = 1 ± 0.6 × 10-3 cm3 MW-2 is extracted from non-linear absorption data obtained with an open-aperture Z-scan. Time-resolved measurement at high irradiance reveals an increase of absorption due to hot carriers. We also present an autocorrelation measurement of our CO2 laser pulse that shows two complete optical free-induction-decay cycles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 29 (1999), S. 1103-1106 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: antimony(V) ; mononuclear carboxylate ; heptacoordinated, structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The X-ray structure of a novel mononuclear heptacoordinated compound chlorodiphenylantimony(V) bis(2-methyl benzoate), SbPh2CI(O2C—2—Me—C6H4)2 is described. Crystal data are: Monoclinic, P21/c, a = 8.791(3), b = 21.687(3), c = 13.488(4) Å, β = 103.78(2)°, and Z = 4. A distorted pentagonal bipyramidal geometry for antimony with both the carboxylates chelating is found in the solid state.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Constraints 3 (1998), S. 203-211 
    ISSN: 1572-9354
    Keywords: temporal constraint satisfaction ; job shop scheduling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract We describe a restriction of Dechter, Meiri and Pearl's TCSPs (Temporal Constraint Satisfaction Problems) sufficiently expressive to represent any job shop scheduling problem. A solver based on the restriction is then described, which is similar to Ladkin and Reinefeld's qualitative interval network solver; except, however, that the filtering method used during the search is not path consistency but either ULT (Upper-Lower Tightening) or LPC (Loose Path- Consistency), which are both less effective but have the advantage of getting rid of the so-called “fragmentation problem”.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of heuristics 4 (1998), S. 123-139 
    ISSN: 1572-9397
    Keywords: project management ; limited resources ; tabu search
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract An appropriate tabu search implementation is designed to solve the resource constrained project scheduling problem. This approach uses well defined move strategies and a structured neighbourhood, defines appropriate tabu status and tenure and takes account of objective function approximation to speed up the search process. A sound understanding of the problem has helped in many ways in designing and enhancing the tabu search methodology. The method uses diversification, intensification and handles infeasibility via strategic oscillation. The above methodology is tested on existing problems from the literature and also on parametrically generated problems with encouraging results. For comparison of results, optimal solutions are used in the former and lower bounds obtained by Lagrangian heuristics are used in the latter.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1572-8935
    Keywords: Functional monomers ; Polymerization ; Copolymerization ; Kinetic studies ; Reactivity ratios
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract 1-Cyanoethanoyl-4-acryloylthiosemicarbazide (CEATS) was synthesized for the first time as a new chelating monomer. Its structure was confirmed by both elemental and spectral analyses. Radical polymerization and copolymerization of CEATS was been carried out in dimethylformamide (DMF) in the presence of azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator. Kinetic studies for the polymerization behavior of CEATS were performed. The complex formation of the CEATS monomer and polymer (PCEATS) with Cu II cation was investigated and its stability constant determined. The rate of copolymerization of CEATS with some conventional monomers, namely vinyl acetate, methyl methacrylate and acrylonitrile, was measured as a function of the mole fraction of the monomers. The reactivity ratios (r1, r2) for the various copolymer systems investigated together with the Q and e values of the CEATS monomer were determined. Moreover, the thermal gravimetric analysis of the prepared polymers and their copolymers with acrylonitrile were also studied.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 127 (1996), S. 549-555 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: 1,3,4-Oxadiazole ; Nitrogen nucleophiles ; Cycloaddition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Titelverbindung (4) wurde aus Thioglycolsäurehydrazid und Chlorameisensäureethylester hergestellt. Die Reaktionen von4 mit aromatischen Aminen, Aminoderivaten, Hydrazinhydrat, Hydroxylamin und Formamid sowie die Addition von4 an α,β-ungesättigte Verbindungen (Chalkone, Maleinsäureanhydrid, Chinone, Acetonitril) wurden untersucht.
    Notes: Summary The title compound (4) was synthesized from thioglycolic acid hydrazide and ethyl chloroformate. The reactions of4 with aromatic amines, amino derivatives, hydrazine hydrate, hydroxylamine, and formamide were studied. Addition of compound4 to α,β-unsaturated compounds,i.e. chalcones, maleic anhydride, quinones, and acrylonitrile, was investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Keywords. 2(3H)-Benzoxazolone; Friedel-Crafts reaction; AlCl3-DMF complex; Microwave irradiation.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung.  Im Zuge der Untersuchung komplexierter Spezies von AlCl3 im Rahmen von Friedel-Crafts-Reaktionen wurde die Acetylierung und Benzoylierung von 2(3H)-Benzoxazolon und 1-Methyl-2(3H)-benzoxazolon unter Variation des komplexierenden Amidagens untersucht. Es wurde dabei Dimethylformamid durch N-Methylformamid, Dimethylacetamid, Pyrrolidon, N-Methylpyrrolidon, Tetramethylharnstoff oder Dimethylsulfoxid ersetzt; es konnten jedoch keine Vorteile gegenüber Dimethylformamid beobachtet werden. Dieses Resultat beruht vermutlich darauf, daß der Komplex zwischen AlCl3 und diesen Amiden zu stabil ist. Darüber hinaus wurde auch die Möglichkeit, Polyphosphorsäure und Mikrowellenaktivierung einzusetzen, untersucht. Der besondere Vorteil liegt hiebei in den guten Ausbeuten, die bei relativ kurzen Reaktionszeiten erzielt werden können.
    Notes: Summary.  To study the scope and limitations of the use of complexed species of AlCl3 in Friedel-Crafts reactions, we investigated the acetylation and benzoylation of 2(3H)-benzoxazolone and 3-methyl-2(3H)-benzoxazolone varying the amide complexing agent. We replaced dimethylformamide by N-methylformamide, dimethylacetamide, pyrrolidone, N-methylpyrrolidone, tetramethylurea, and dimethylsulfoxide. However, there was no particular advantage of substituting dimethylformamide by another amide ligand. This can probably be ascribed to the fact that the complex formed between AlCl3 and the complexing agent becomes too stable. Alternatively, a route using polyphosphoric acid and microwave activation was explored. The major advantage of running the reaction in a microwave oven was that a good yield was reached in a rather short period of time.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 131 (2000), S. 1031-1038 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Keywords. Potentiometry; Glycine; Cephalosporins; Complexes.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary.  The interaction of Ca(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Pb(II), and La(III) ions with the antibiotics cephalexin, cefadroxil, cephaloridine, and cefoperazone as secondary ligands was investigated potentiometrically. The formation constants were determined for a ligand-to-metal ratio of 1:1 at 25°C and KNO3. The protonation constants of the complexes were evaluated for the system . The order of stability of the binary and ternary complexes were examined. It was found that glycine adds preferably [M(II)-cephalosporin] rather than to the aqueous complexes of M(II). In all cases 1:1:1 complexes were formed.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 23 (2001), S. 191-199 
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 71.20.-b Electron density of states and band structure of crystalline solids – 71.20.Eh Rare earth metals and alloys
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: The electronic properties of rare-earth arsenides have been calculated from first principles. In the calculations we have treated the rare-earth f electrons both as core-like and as valence-like electrons. We consider the changes in the energy bands and in the density of states near the Fermi level which are found to be relevant, except for the case of LuAs, and discuss this in relation with the role played from the rare-earth 5d derived states. Moreover we show that the rare-earth 5d related bands are particularly sensitive to the variation of the lattice constant; change in the lattice constant of less than 1% leads to a different behaviour with respect to the crossing of the rare-earth 5d derived bands and the As 4p derived bands along the Δ-direction. This point is discussed in connection with the possibility of having a semimetal-semiconductor transition in the rare-earth arsenides.
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