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  • Chemistry  (2,373)
  • Engineering  (156)
  • Numerical Methods and Modeling  (68)
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (2,529)
  • 2020-2020
  • 1995-1999  (2,529)
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of forms of collagen linked to polyurethane on endothelial cell growth (1996)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 32 (1996), S. 645-653 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Collagen has been widely coated or grafted onto polymer surfaces to improve the biocompatibility of materials. To better support the growth of endothelial cells on polyurethane (PU), collagen was grafted to the carboxyl group enriched PU through 1,2-bis(2,3-epoxypropoxy)ethane linking. Our results demonstrated that collagen in various conditions may result in different forms being grafted to the PU substrate, which subsequently affected the growth of endothelial cells. Collagen predialyzed against physiological phosphate buffered saline (PBS) could be reconstituted into native type fibrils with a bigger diameter at 37°C than could collagen neutralized by titration with NaOH. At low temperature, titrated collagen formed flosslike fibrils packed in a ball with cobblestonelike morphology. The amount of collagen grafted was related to the condition of the collagen used, which in consequence affected the diameter of the collagen fibril formed and the growth of endothelial cells. In conclusion, reconstituted collagen fibrils formed from collagen in PBS at 37°C grafted in the highest amounts to an epoxy-PU substrate and that optimally supported the growth of endothelial cells. Such prepared materials may be potentially good vascular bioprosthetic materials and may provide a wide range of biological applications. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biodegradation and biocompatibility of a guided tissue regeneration barrier membrane formed from a liquid polymer material (1998)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 42 (1998), S. 303-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: biodegradable barrier films ; canine periodontal defects ; rabbit subcutaneous implants ; mass loss ; polymer degradation rate ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Biodegradable barrier films were made by coagulating a solution of poly(DL-lactide) in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone on porous polyethylene pads wetted with saline solution. The semisolid films were cut into 10 × 10 mm barriers and implanted subcutaneously in rabbits. At monthly intervals, the polymer implant sites were compared histologically to those implanted with USP negative control plastic. The polymer films were retrieved from the surrounding tissue, dried, weighed, and the changes in molecular weight determined using gel permeation chromatography. The molecular weight of the polymer decreased at a relatively constant rate over 5 months; however, no significant mass loss occurred until 5 months postimplantation. Also, no distinct histological differences were noted between the polymer barrier and the control plastic sites until 6 months when histiocytes and multinucleated giant cells showed a modest increase around fragmented polymer films. Similar barrier films also were fitted over naturally occurring buccal dehiscence defects in beagle dogs and the tissue sites compared histologically at 6 months to sham-operated control sites. New bone and dense connective tissues closely approximated segments of the remaining polymer and demonstrated the biocompatibility of the biodegradable films. Histomorphometric analyses of treated sites compared to sham controls showed that the polymer barrier is effective in promoting bone and cementum regeneration in periodontal defects in dogs. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 42, 303-311, 1998.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Osteoblast precursor cell activity on HA surfaces of different treatments (1998)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 39 (1998), S. 176-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: hydroxyapatite ; crystallinity ; materials characterization ; alkaline phosphatase activity ; osteocalcin concentration ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The clinical success of dental implants is governed by implant surfaces and bone cell responses that promote rapid osseointegration and long-term stability. The specific objective of this study was to investigate osteoblast precursor cell responses to hydroxyapatite (HA) surfaces of different treatments. Since the nature of bone cell responses in vitro is influenced by the properties of HA ceramics, this study was divided into two components: a chemical and crystallographic characterization of the HA ceramics and an in vitro cell culture study. The sintered HA samples were observed to have the highest crystallite size as compared to the as-received HA and calcined HA samples. No differences in the surface roughness and chemical composition were observed among the sintered, calcined, and as-received HA surfaces. In concurrence with the X-ray diffraction, high resolution XPS resolution of Ca 2p also indicated a higher crystallinity on sintered HA samples as compared to the calcined and as-received HA samples. As indicated by increased alkaline phosphatase-specific activity, increased cell-surface and matrix-associated protein, and 1,25 (OH2) vitamin D3-stimulated osteocalcin production, a more differentiated osteoblast-like phenotype was observed on the sintered HA surfaces compared to the as-received HA and calcined HA surfaces. An increased osteoblast-like cell activity on the sintered HA surfaces suggested that the crystallite size of HA surfaces may play an important role in governing cellular response. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 39, 176-183, 1998.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conformational and configurational study of 1,3-dioxolanes by proton and carbon NMR spectroscopy (1995)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 33 (1995), S. 167-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: 1,3-dioxolanes ; NOE ; vicinal proton-proton coupling ; configurational analysis ; conformational analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The configurational and conformational properties of six 4-trimethylammoniummethyl 2,2-disubstituted 1,3-dioxolanes were studied using NOE experiments and vicinal coupling constants. Selective 1D NOE experiments proved to be effective tools in the configurational assignment of C-2 relative to C-4. The preferred conformation of the dioxolane ring and the exocyclic group at C-4 was obtained by employing vicinal coupling constants and NOE results. The 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts show stereochemically dependent trends. Quantitative analysis of conformer populations was performed using Haasnoot et al's equation. The —N+(CH3)3 group was found to be synclinal with respect to the heterocyclic O-3 atom and points outside the ring. When a phenyl group is present at C-2, the 4-CH2N+ -  group in a trans relationship to the 2-phenyl ring was found to occur prevalently in a pseudo-axial orientation, whereas it was established to be prevalently pseudo-equatorial when cis with respect to the phenyl ring.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrc.1260330303
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence of the Presence of Dimethylated, Trimethylated and "Refractory' Arsenic Compounds in Estuarine Salt-marsh Halophytes (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 11 (1997), S. 439-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: halophytes ; arsenobetaine ; arsenocholine ; tetramethylarsonium ; arsenosugars ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Five species of halophytes were sampled in the salt marshes of the Tagus estuary, dried, ground and digested. They were further extracted with ethanol and the extracts passed through weak and strong cationic ion-exchange resins, purified through TLC and submitted to pyrolysis mass spectrometry and HPLC-ICP/MS. Arsenic content and hydride-forming arsenic species were verified, in each step, by GF-AA and HG-QFAA. A high content of arsenic was found in the samples of halophytes studied, both di- and tri-methylated arsenic compounds being present. A considerable fraction of this arsenic content seems to be refractory to hydride generation. Moreover, the arsenic fraction found seems to have the same ion-exchange behaviour as the refractory fractions formerly studied in estuarine water.A partial characterization of these structures by pyrolysis-GC-MS suggests the presence of arsenobetaine and arsenocholine compounds. Furthermore, HPLC-ICP/MS data seem to confirm the presence of these compounds. In addition, the latter hyphenated technique strongly suggests the presence of a number of other organoarsenicals including tetramethylarsonium (TMAs), trimethylarsine oxide (TMAO), cacodylate (DMA) and possibly an arsenosugar-type compound. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of isothermal aging on transverse crack development in carbon fiber reinforced cross-ply laminates (1995)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 16 (1995), S. 154-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: An investigation into the effect of isothermal aging on the development of transverse cracks in cross-ply laminates of two high temperature composite systems was performed. The composite materials investigated were BASF X5260/640-800 and DuPont Avimid K/IM6. Changes in the glass transition temperature, composite weight loss, crack density, and mode I intralaminar fracture toughness were monitored during isothermal aging in air at 177°C for up to 2232 h. The two laminate configurations used in this study include two variations of the generic cross-ply configuration [02/90n]s, in which n equals 1 and 2. The results of this investigation show that a layer of degraded material forms at the surface of the X5260/640-800 bismaleimide laminates and that the thickness of the degraded layer increases with aging time. After 744 h of aging, transverse cracks form in the surface plies and an increasing crack density evolves as aging time is increased; however, transverse cracks do not form in the inner 90° ply groups with aging during the time period investigated. The Avimid K/IM6 thermoplastic polyimide laminates, which show evidence of cracking prior to aging, do not exhibit any significant change in crack density with aging. The results of the aging experiments also show that the bismaleimide system exhibits a weight loss of 1.5% and an increase in glass transition temperature from 250°C to 300°C after 2232 h of aging at 177°C, while the thermoplastic polyimide system shows a weight loss of only 0.05% and an increase in glass transition temperature from 280 to 285°C after 2232 h. Changes in the resistance to crack formation are also seen in these materials during aging. The mode I intralaminar fracture toughness, a measure of resistance to transverse crack formation, shows a 50% decrease after aging for 2232 h for the bismaleimide system, while the behavior exhibited by the thermoplastic polyimide shows little evidence of a reduction.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750160207
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CL-20 performance exceeds that of HMX and its sensitivity is moderate (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 22 (1997), S. 249-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 0721-3115
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The explosive performance of ∊-CL-20 was found to be approximately 14% greater than HMX as determined by cylinder expansion and tantalum plate acceleration experiments. This makes it the most powerful explosive ever tested at small volume expansions of the detonation products. In general CL-20 is more sensitive than HMX. However, the sensitivity of CL-20 to one-dimensional shock loading was found to be similar to HMX.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.19970220502
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and characterization of copolymers from acrylic and methacrylic acid with 2-methylaziridine by spontaneous copolymerization (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 231 (1995), S. 199-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: 2-Methylaziridin (MAz) wurde als nukleophiles Monomeres mit den elektrophilen Monomeren Acrylsäure (AA) bzw. Methacrylsäure (MA) in unterschiedlichen Verhältnissen ohne Initiator copolymerisiert. Die Copolymeren wurden mittels Elementaranalyse, FT-IR- und 1H-NMR-Spektroskopie charakterisiert. Die Copolymerisationsparameter wurden mit den Methoden nach Fineman-Ross bzw. Kelen-Tüdős bestimmt. Für r1 und r2 wurden die Copolymerpaare MAz-AA und MAz-MA jeweils Werte 〈 1 ermittelt, was auf statistische Copolymere mit einer Tendenz zu alternierenden Copolymeren hinweist. Thermische Zersetzung mit einem Gewichtsverlust von 10% tritt bei den Copolymeren erst oberhalb 430 K auf. Der thermische Abbau verläuft nach einer Reaktion nullter Ordnung. Die kinetischen Parameter der Zersetzung der Copolymeren wurden bestimmt.
    Notes: 2-Methylaziridine (MAz) as a nucleophilic monomer and acrylic acid (AA) and methacrylic acid (MA), respectively, as electrophilic monomers were copolymerized in the absence of initiator at various feed ratios. Copolymers were characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The monomer reactivity ratios were determined by the Fineman-Ross and Kelen-Tüdős methods. Values of r1 and r2 were found to be less than unity for MAz-AA, and MAz-MA, corresponding to random copolymers with the tendency to the alternance. For all the copolymers the thermal decomposition with 10% weight loss is higher than 430 K. The reaction order for degradation of all copolymers was zero. The kinetic parameters of the decomposition were determined for all copolymers.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1995.052310117
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Design of B-DNA cross-linking and sequence-reading molecules (1995)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 35 (1995), S. 543-553 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We report the design of hybrid molecules to bind in the minor groove of B-DNA, which combine DNA alkylating and cross-linking ability for increased chemotherapeutic efficacy, with sequence specificity, to minimize side effects. Optimal linkage geometries have been determined for the synthesis of bis-anthramycin and anthramycin-netropsin hybrid molecules. Earlier studies on linked drugs have typically been based on molecular mechanics calculations. This work, in contrast, uses the observed crystal structures of a netropsin/DNA complex and a new anthramycin/DNA complex to determine the exact spacing between two individual drugs when bound in the minor groove of B-DNA. Molecular linkers then are designed and tested between these two experimental positions, to form a chimeric or bis-linked compound molecule. A linked anthramycin-netropsin molecule has been designed specifically to target the polypurine tract second-strand primer site of the reverse transcriptase of HIV-1. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360350513
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CD and fluorescence studies of the human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and related peptide conformations in aqueous solution (1995)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 36 (1995), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The absorption, CD, and fluorescence emission spectra, and the fluorescence emission and depolarization lifetimes of the human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (hGM-CSF) and related peptides previously tested for their immunological activity, were measured in water at various pHs and temperatures to obtain information on their conformation in solution. The aim was to correlate the amino acid sequences, and the chain conformations and dynamics of the peptides, with their immunological propertiesThe CD spectrum of hGM-CSF revealed, as expected, a structure in solution similar to that in the crystalline state, but the fluorescence data suggest that the Trp 122 residue is more accessible to the solvent than the x-ray data would lead one to expect. They also suggest that some flexibility exists between the protein's two domains, one made up of theα-helices A and C and the other of the α-helices B and D plus the two β-strands. In aqueous solution, none of the tested peptide CD spectra could be linked to a recognizable ordered conformation, i.e., an α-helix or a β-sheet. The fluorescence of the peptide 11-24 suggests that the Trp 13 residue may appear in two types of situations: (a) in aqueous solution and (b) within a globular structure. Its CD spectra show that the tryptophan residue exists in both cases in a highly asymmetric environment independent of the pH. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360360102
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