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  • Articles  (1,236)
  • 2020-2023
  • 2020-2020
  • 1995-1999  (1,236)
  • Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying  (1,236)
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  • Articles  (1,236)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    USING VALUES IN PLANNING WASTEWATER FACILITIES FOR METROPOLITAN SEATTLE (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 32 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : This paper uses the fundamental values of decision makers to guide a long-term wastewater planning process at Seattle Metro, a major utility district. Multiattribute value assessment is used to elicit the objectives of several elected officials and other key decision makers. The results are structured into a fundamental objectives hierarchy and a means-ends objectives network. A set of measures to indicate the performance of planning alternatives in terms of the fundamental objectives is developed. Preliminary value tradeoffs between objectives are elicited from several elected officials. The results of these steps are useful for many aspects of long-term planning: facilitating communication about values and priorities; designing attractive alternatives that are more likely to serve stakeholder interests; identifying information needed to evaluate alternatives; clarifying the relative importance of information about different impacts; providing a basis for quantitative evaluation of the alternatives with multiple objective analysis; and focusing attention on key tradeoffs that will affect the choice of alternatives.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1996.tb03452.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
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    Assessment of the capabilities of multi-temporal ERS-1 SAR data to discriminate between agricultural crops (1995)
    Taylor & Francis
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-09-20
    Print ISSN: 0143-1161
    Electronic ISSN: 1366-5901
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Taylor & Francis
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 3
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    USING VALUES IN PLANNING WASTEWATER FACILITIES FOR METROPOLITAN SEATTLE (1996)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-04-01
    Print ISSN: 1093-474X
    Electronic ISSN: 1752-1688
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Wiley
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF AGRICULTURAL WATER REQUIREMENTS IN THE GULF COAST OF THE UNITED STATES (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 35 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Competition for water resources is becoming an increasingly important issue in the southeastern U.S. The potential impacts of future precipitation and runoff estimated by a transient global climate model (HADCM2) on competing water resources in the Southeast has been conducted. Issues of agricultural management, irrigation water withdrawals, and water quality were studied over three time periods: 1974–1993, 2020–2039, and 2080–2099 in five water basins identified previously as exhibiting water-related problems. These basins, which encompass the boundary between Alabama and Mississippi, cover four important agricultural counties in Mississippi. Irrigation water requirements generated by crop growth models for corn, soybeans, and winter wheat were coupled with monthly runoff for the impacted basins estimated by the SWAT water balance model. The results of the study reveal that in the next 20–40 years water availability in the southern portions of the study area will decline as much as 10 percent during times when water requirements for agricultural production are crucial. Maintaining or expanding existing crop yields under future climate regimes may require additional irrigation water and increase competition among other uses such as domestic, industrial, recreational, and ecosystem quality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1999.tb04239.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL WATER QUALITY VARIABILITY IN THE PIRACICABA RIVER BASIN, BRAZIL (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 33 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : The spatial and temporal variability of dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), nitrate concentration and total coliform (TC) were investigated at nine sampling stations distributed along the main rivers of the Piracicaba River Basin, a 12,400 km2 catchment located in São Paulo State, one of the most developed regions of Brazil. Spatially, a downstream impoverishment of water quality conditions was observed, as seen by the decrease of DO, and increase of BOD, nitrate, and TC. These changes were probably caused by accumulating downstream discharge of domestic and industrial sewage. Temporal evaluation of 18 years of data showed that DO decreased with time for the majority of the sampling stations, while BOD, nitrate, and TC increased. A law, approved at the end of 1991, proposed a new water tax for river water extraction for industrial and agricultural use. The amount of this tax is determined according to the water quality of the extracted water. Therefore, the evaluation of the water quality status in this basin is a first step to help resources managers to determine the values for this tax.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1997.tb04129.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    INTEGRATING A GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM, A SCIENTIFIC VISUALIZATION SYSTEM, AND A PRECIPITATION MODEL (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 32 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Investigating natural, potential, and human-induced impacts on hydrologic systems commonly requires complex modeling with overlapping data requirements, plus massive amounts of one- to four-dimensional data at multiple scales and formats. Given the complexity of most hydrologic studies, the requisite software infrastructure must incorporate many components including simulation modeling and spatial analysis with a flexible, intuitive display. Integrating geographic information systems (GIS) and scientific visualization systems (SVS) provides such an infrastructure. This paper describes an integrated system consisting of an orographic precipitation model, a GIS, and an SVS. The results of this study provide a basis for improving the understanding of hydro-climatic processes in mountainous regions. An additional benefit of the integrated system, the value of which is often underestimated, is the improved ability to communicate model results, leading to a broader understanding of the model assumptions, sensitivities, and conclusions at a management level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1996.tb03458.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of Exposures and Health Risks Related to Formaldehyde Emissions from Furniture: a Case Study (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Indoor air 5 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0668
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Medicine
    Notes: According to the Californian Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act, Proposition 65 (State of California, 1986) the manufacturers and retailers of products (such as furniture and fittings) which emit formaldehyde are obliged to either mark their products with a warning label or provide evidence that their products do not pose a significant cancer risk to the consumer. The significant risk is defined as 1 case of cancer in a population of 100,000 persons within a period of exposure of 70 years (State of California, 1992).In this study, a large-scale climate chamber test of a full set of furniture and fitments was made. The formaldehyde concentration in a test chamber peaked at about 112 μg/m3 within a day after the furniture had been installed. After 8 weeks the concentration leveled out at about 50 μg/m3.Various models were used to predict occupant exposures in homes containing the same furniture and fitments; multi-compartment models identified a short-term compartment with a half-life of between 5.2 and 6.0 h and a relative source strength of between 75% and 30% of the total source strength; a medium-term compartment with a half-life of between 14 and 81 days; and a long-term compartment for which the best estimate of a half-life was 384 days.The accumulated dose of formaldehyde absorbed by an occupant during 70 years of exposure in the hypothetical home was estimated by extrapolation using the same models. The dose was found to be in the range of 0.13 g to 0.16 g.The concentration in the test chamber showing a maximum value of 112 μg/m3 formaldehyde may cause discomfort among hypersensitive persons during the first couple of days. The risk estimates based on the estimated long-term dose indicate that the cancer risks associated with the exposure caused by furniture are in the range of 6.9 to 8.9 × 10−8, based on monkey data, and 5.8 to 7.4 × 10−7, based on rat data.In conclusion, a successful draft protocol was established for tests in relation to Proposition 65 and, with the limitations of this exploratory study, the actual furniture equipment is considered to cause no significant cancer risk to the consumer according to the Proposition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0668.1995.t01-2-00002.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Forecasting telecommuting (1996)
    Springer
    Transportation 23 (1996), S. 163-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9435
    Keywords: forecasting methodologies ; technological substitution ; telecommuting ; transportation modeling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract Transportation planners increasingly recognize telecommuting as an important trend. But while they often advocate telecommuting as a transportation demand management strategy, transportation planners have made little progress toward incorporating telecommuting into transportation forecasts, at least partly because of the limited data available. In this paper we explore four alternative methodologies for forecasting telecommuting and discuss the kinds of data that must be collected before these methodologies can be applied. The first approach is trend extrapolation, using curves of technological substitution. Sufficient data are currently available to produce forecasts, albeit highly uncertain forecasts, using this approach. However, even with better data this approach does not address underlying factors and trends that will affect the future of telecommuting. As a result, we explore three additional approaches that should produce more reliable forecasts but which require new data and knowledge about telecommuting: analyzing the characteristics of telecommuters in contrast to nontelecommuters, analyzing factors affecting the individual choice to telecommute, and incorporating telecommuting into traditional transportation forecasting models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00170034
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Approximate calculation of thaw depth in permafrost beneath a building of complex configuration (1996)
    Springer
    Soil mechanics and foundation engineering 33 (1996), S. 213-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9279
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The three-dimensional problem of the formation of a thaw zone of any planform configuration over time in permafrost is examined. An approximate method of its solution is set forth and illustrated by a computational example. The paper is compiled from results of studies supported by the Russian Fund for Fundamental Research (Project N 94-05-16195-a).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02354252
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reinforcement of foundations in weak saturated silty-clayey soils (1995)
    Springer
    Soil mechanics and foundation engineering 32 (1995), S. 207-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9279
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A new method is analyzed for the reinforcement of foundations in weak saturated silty-clayey soils by the installation of built-in walls. The technology and experience gained with the method for the reinforcement of the strip foundations of two buildings are cited.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02342780
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