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  • Articles  (830)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (366)
  • Chemical Engineering  (340)
  • Mutation  (126)
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  • 1995-1999  (632)
  • 1960-1964  (198)
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  • Articles  (830)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1999-08-07
    Description: DNA-damaged cells can either repair the DNA or be eliminated through a homeostatic control mechanism termed "cellular proofreading." Elimination of DNA-damaged cells after ultraviolet radiation (UVR) through sunburn cell (apoptotic keratinocyte) formation is thought to be pivotal for the removal of precancerous skin cells. Sunburn cell formation was found to be dependent on Fas ligand (FasL), a pro-apoptotic protein induced by DNA damage. Chronic exposure to UVR caused 14 of 20 (70 percent) FasL-deficient mice and 1 of 20 (5 percent) wild-type mice to accumulate p53 mutations in the epidermis. Thus, FasL-mediated apoptosis is important for skin homeostasis, suggesting that the dysregulation of Fas-FasL interactions may be central to the development of skin cancer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hill, L L -- Ouhtit, A -- Loughlin, S M -- Kripke, M L -- Ananthaswamy, H N -- Owen-Schaub, L B -- CA45623/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA52457/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- F32 AI09351/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Aug 6;285(5429):898-900.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10436160" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD95/genetics/physiology ; Apoptosis ; *DNA Damage ; Epidermis/*cytology/metabolism/radiation effects ; Fas Ligand Protein ; *Genes, p53 ; Keratinocytes/*cytology/metabolism/radiation effects ; Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Mutation ; Skin Neoplasms/*etiology/pathology ; Ultraviolet Rays ; Up-Regulation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 41 (1995), S. 1413-1425 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The adsorption of ethane from helium was measured in beds packed with 2.5 μm zeolite crystals and containing either a single hollow fiber or multiple fibers. THe single-fiber experiments indicate that the mass-transfer rate in bends containing zeolite 13X is limited by diffusion across the fiber wall and through macropores. FOr adsorption in single-fiber beds packed with zeolite 4A, mass transfer is limited by micropore diffusion within the particles. Breakthrough curves from beds containign 13X are adequately described with the linear driving force model, while curves from beds containing 4A are consistent with the Rosen model.Breakthrough curves from beds packed with zeolite 13X and containing multiple fibers can be predicted from the experiments with single-fiber beds when the fibers are evenly spaced. When fibers are unevenly spaced, the breakthrough curves are more disperse. Unevenly spaced fibers are the normal case. Even when fibers are evenly spaced, the productivity of hollow-fiber beds is expected to be no greater than that in conventional beds.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Removal of the pungent factor, allyl isothiocyanate, will partly determine whether mustard seed can become a commerical source for oil and meal in the United States. In processing studies at the Northern Laboratory, the mustard glucoside was converted enzymatically and the pungent oil was removed. This process has now been extended to pilot-plant scale by using filtration-extraction equipment at the Southern Laboratory. After desolventization and further steam stripping, the extracted meal had a residual content of 2.9% crude fat and 0.004% allyl isothiocyanate.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 43 (1997), S. 847-850 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: An investigation into the effect of isothermal aging on the development of transverse cracks in cross-ply laminates of two high temperature composite systems was performed. The composite materials investigated were BASF X5260/640-800 and DuPont Avimid K/IM6. Changes in the glass transition temperature, composite weight loss, crack density, and mode I intralaminar fracture toughness were monitored during isothermal aging in air at 177°C for up to 2232 h. The two laminate configurations used in this study include two variations of the generic cross-ply configuration [02/90n]s, in which n equals 1 and 2. The results of this investigation show that a layer of degraded material forms at the surface of the X5260/640-800 bismaleimide laminates and that the thickness of the degraded layer increases with aging time. After 744 h of aging, transverse cracks form in the surface plies and an increasing crack density evolves as aging time is increased; however, transverse cracks do not form in the inner 90° ply groups with aging during the time period investigated. The Avimid K/IM6 thermoplastic polyimide laminates, which show evidence of cracking prior to aging, do not exhibit any significant change in crack density with aging. The results of the aging experiments also show that the bismaleimide system exhibits a weight loss of 1.5% and an increase in glass transition temperature from 250°C to 300°C after 2232 h of aging at 177°C, while the thermoplastic polyimide system shows a weight loss of only 0.05% and an increase in glass transition temperature from 280 to 285°C after 2232 h. Changes in the resistance to crack formation are also seen in these materials during aging. The mode I intralaminar fracture toughness, a measure of resistance to transverse crack formation, shows a 50% decrease after aging for 2232 h for the bismaleimide system, while the behavior exhibited by the thermoplastic polyimide shows little evidence of a reduction.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 2 (1960), S. 157-163 
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The utility and the practical precision of the Most Probable Number method for determining bacterial populations is currently restricted by a lack of adequate tables of solved examples or alternatively by an easy and quick solution to individual problems. Where an electronic computer is available, these restrictions need not apply. A computer programme and example solution for tabulated data and individual problems are presented in this paper.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1997-04-18
    Description: Multiple endocrine neoplasia-type 1 (MEN1) is an autosomal dominant familial cancer syndrome characterized by tumors in parathyroids, enteropancreatic endocrine tissues, and the anterior pituitary. DNA sequencing from a previously identified minimal interval on chromosome 11q13 identified several candidate genes, one of which contained 12 different frameshift, nonsense, missense, and in-frame deletion mutations in 14 probands from 15 families. The MEN1 gene contains 10 exons and encodes a ubiquitously expressed 2.8-kilobase transcript. The predicted 610-amino acid protein product, termed menin, exhibits no apparent similarities to any previously known proteins. The identification of MEN1 will enable improved understanding of the mechanism of endocrine tumorigenesis and should facilitate early diagnosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chandrasekharappa, S C -- Guru, S C -- Manickam, P -- Olufemi, S E -- Collins, F S -- Emmert-Buck, M R -- Debelenko, L V -- Zhuang, Z -- Lubensky, I A -- Liotta, L A -- Crabtree, J S -- Wang, Y -- Roe, B A -- Weisemann, J -- Boguski, M S -- Agarwal, S K -- Kester, M B -- Kim, Y S -- Heppner, C -- Dong, Q -- Spiegel, A M -- Burns, A L -- Marx, S J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Apr 18;276(5311):404-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Gene Transfer, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9103196" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 ; *Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary/genetics ; Exons ; Frameshift Mutation ; *Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1/*genetics ; Mutation ; Neoplasm Proteins/chemistry/*genetics ; *Proto-Oncogene Proteins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1998-03-07
    Description: The spindle checkpoint regulates the cell division cycle by keeping cells with defective spindles from leaving mitosis. In the two-hybrid system, three proteins that are components of the checkpoint, Mad1, Mad2, and Mad3, were shown to interact with Cdc20, a protein required for exit from mitosis. Mad2 and Mad3 coprecipitated with Cdc20 at all stages of the cell cycle. The binding of Mad2 depended on Mad1 and that of Mad3 on Mad1 and Mad2. Overexpression of Cdc20 allowed cells with a depolymerized spindle or damaged DNA to leave mitosis but did not overcome the arrest caused by unreplicated DNA. Mutants in Cdc20 that were resistant to the spindle checkpoint no longer bound Mad proteins, suggesting that Cdc20 is the target of the spindle checkpoint.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hwang, L H -- Lau, L F -- Smith, D L -- Mistrot, C A -- Hardwick, K G -- Hwang, E S -- Amon, A -- Murray, A W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Feb 13;279(5353):1041-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0444, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9461437" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Anaphase ; Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome ; Cadherins ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; *Carrier Proteins ; Cdc20 Proteins ; Cdh1 Proteins ; Cell Cycle Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; DNA Damage ; DNA Replication ; Fungal Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Ligases/metabolism ; Mad2 Proteins ; *Mitosis ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; Phosphoproteins/metabolism ; *Repressor Proteins ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*cytology/*metabolism ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Spindle Apparatus/*metabolism ; *Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1995-01-27
    Description: Small changes in the peptide-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule ligands recognized by antigen-specific T cell receptors (TCRs) can convert fully activating complexes into partially activating or even inhibitory ones. This study examined early TCR-dependent signals induced by such partial agonists or antagonists. In contrast to typical agonist ligands, both an antagonist and several partial agonists stimulated a distinct pattern of zeta chain phosphorylation and failed to activate associated ZAP-70 kinase. These results identify a specific step in the early tyrosine phosphorylation cascade that is altered after TCR engagement with modified peptide-MHC molecule complexes. This finding may explain the different biological responses to TCR occupancy by these variant ligands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Madrenas, J -- Wange, R L -- Wang, J L -- Isakov, N -- Samelson, L E -- Germain, R N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jan 27;267(5197):515-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lymphocyte Biology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7824949" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Clone Cells ; Cytochrome c Group/pharmacology ; Enzyme Activation ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/genetics/immunology/*pharmacology ; Interleukin-2/biosynthesis ; L Cells (Cell Line) ; Ligands ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Peptide Fragments/pharmacology ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/agonists/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/*immunology ; Tyrosine/metabolism ; ZAP-70 Protein-Tyrosine Kinase
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Algae ; Cytoskeleton ; Microtubules ; Microtubule organizing centres ; Mutation ; Temperature-sensitive
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We have isolated a number of temperature conditional cell division cycle mutants of the unicellular plantChlamydomonas reinhardtii that are defective in single nuclear genes. Cells grow and divide normally at the permissive temperature (21 °C), but arrest in division at the restrictive temperature (33 °C). We have characterized these mutants using DNA probes and immunofluorescence techniques to localize cytoskeletal and microtubule organizing centre proteins. We describe here 3 broad classes of cell cycle mutation which result in cell cycle arrest with: unreplicated DNA (G1 arrest), duplicated DNA (G2 arrest) and multiple nuclei due to defective cytokinesis (cytokinesis arrest). The continuation of nuclear division in mutants blocked in cytokinesis provides support of an earlier hypothesis that stage specific events in theChlamydomonas cell cycle are arranged in separate dependent sequences. The mutants isolated in the present study provide insights into the role of cytoskeletal proteins in the coordination of plant cell division and the means to investigate the molecular mechanisms whereby division by multiple fission is controlled in the unicellular plantChlamydomonas.
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