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  • Articles  (7,565)
  • 2020-2023
  • 2020-2020
  • 1995-1999  (4,948)
  • 1965-1969  (1,882)
  • 1950-1954  (735)
  • Computer Science  (6,168)
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  • Articles  (7,565)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1998-06-06
    Description: Detection of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) on only one or a few occasions in infants born to infected mothers has been interpreted to indicate that infection may be transient rather than persistent. Forty-two cases of suspected transient HIV-1 viremia among 1562 perinatally exposed seroreverting infants and one mother were reanalyzed. HIV-1 env sequences were not found in specimens from 20; in specimens from 6, somatic genetic analysis revealed that specimens were mistakenly attributed to an infant; and in specimens from 17, phylogenetic analysis failed to demonstrate the expected linkage between the infant's and the mother's virus. These findings argue that transient HIV-1 infection, if it exists, will only rarely be satisfactorily documented.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frenkel, L M -- Mullins, J I -- Learn, G H -- Manns-Arcuino, L -- Herring, B L -- Kalish, M L -- Steketee, R W -- Thea, D M -- Nichols, J E -- Liu, S L -- Harmache, A -- He, X -- Muthui, D -- Madan, A -- Hood, L -- Haase, A T -- Zupancic, M -- Staskus, K -- Wolinsky, S -- Krogstad, P -- Zhao, J -- Chen, I -- Koup, R -- Ho, D -- Korber, B -- Apple, R J -- Coombs, R W -- Pahwa, S -- Roberts, N J Jr -- AI27757/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI32910/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- UO1-27658/PHS HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 May 15;280(5366):1073-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA. lfrenkel@u.washington.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9582120" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: DNA, Viral/analysis/genetics ; Diagnostic Errors ; Equipment Contamination ; Female ; Genes, env ; HIV Infections/immunology/transmission/*virology ; HIV-1/*genetics/*isolation & purification ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Viral/analysis ; *Specimen Handling ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology ; Viremia/virology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1966-08-05
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Photodynamic therapy ; Photofrin ; Oral mucosa ; Normal tissue damage ; Light dosimetry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment modality with potential application for premalignant lesions and squamous cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa. PDT in principle has dual selectivity. This may result from a ‘preferential’ retention of the photosensitizer in target tissue. In addition, the photodynamic activity will be limited to the irradiated area because PDT will not affect tissues in the absence of excitation light. The specificity of PDT is limited by the fact that normal tissues also retain the photosensitizer to some degree, which makes these tissues susceptible to PDT damage. To optimize PDT for oral malignancies, a study was undertaken on normal tissue to investigate the responses in rat palatal mucosa and surrounding anatomical structures. Eighty male Wistar rats were used in the study. Photofrin was administered i.v. at four doses (0, 2.5, 5 or 10 mg kg−1 body weight). Irradiation for PDT was performed 24 h later. An argon pumped dye laser system was used to produce light of two different treatment wavelengths (514.5 and 625 nm), and various energy density levels (0, 25, 50, 100 or 200 J cm−2). Early effects of PDT were studied at 2 days and late effects at 2 months after treatment. Twenty-four hours after i.v. administration of Photofrin, it was found that PDT affects normal tissues of the oral cavity both macroscopically and microscopically. Combinations of photosensitizer doses ≥5 mg kg−1 and light doses≥100 J cm−2 caused severe and permanent damage to the palatal mucosa and adjacent normal structures such as palatal bone and dentition. Light scattering and internal reflection usually raise the fluence rate in tissue above the irradiance of the incident beam. In an additional study using six male Wistar rats, the energy fluence rate at two treatment wavelengths (514.5 and 625 nm) was measured ex vivo in the palatal mucosa and adjacent anatomical structures. As expected, the energy fluence rates were wavelength, tissue and depth dependent. At the air-mucosa boundary, light of 625 nm was found to have a three-times higher fluence rate than the primary incident beam. Under similar conditions, the fluence rate of 514.5 nm was found to be less, but still twice as high as the primary incident beam. At deeper levels of the rat maxilla, fluence rates were still elevated compared with the incident beam. For 625 nm light, this phenomenon was observed up to the level of the nasal cavity. These increased fluence rates could largely explain the pattern of damage to normal mucosa and surrounding anatomical structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1572-8641
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Philosophy
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-8493
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Technology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-8493
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Technology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: We discuss issues in developing scalable parallel algorithms and focus on the distribution, as opposed to the replication, of key data structures. Replication of large data structures limits the maximum calculation size by imposing a low ratio of processors to memory. Only applications which distribute both data and computation across processors are truly scalable. The use of shared data structures that may be independently accessed by each process even in a distributed memory environment greatly simplifies development and provides a significant performance enhancement. We describe tools we have developed to support this programming paradigm. These tools are used to develop a highly efficient and scalable algorithm to perform self-consistent field calculations on molecular systems. A simple and classical strip-mining algorithm suffices to achieve an efficient and scalable Fock matrix construction in which all matrices are fully distributed. By strip mining over atoms, we also exploit all available sparsity and pave the way to adopting more sophisticated methods for summation of the Coulomb and exchange interactions. © 1996 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1999-11-24
    Description: The complete genome sequence of the radiation-resistant bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans R1 is composed of two chromosomes (2,648,638 and 412,348 base pairs), a megaplasmid (177,466 base pairs), and a small plasmid (45,704 base pairs), yielding a total genome of 3,284, 156 base pairs. Multiple components distributed on the chromosomes and megaplasmid that contribute to the ability of D. radiodurans to survive under conditions of starvation, oxidative stress, and high amounts of DNA damage were identified. Deinococcus radiodurans represents an organism in which all systems for DNA repair, DNA damage export, desiccation and starvation recovery, and genetic redundancy are present in one cell.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147723/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147723/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉White, O -- Eisen, J A -- Heidelberg, J F -- Hickey, E K -- Peterson, J D -- Dodson, R J -- Haft, D H -- Gwinn, M L -- Nelson, W C -- Richardson, D L -- Moffat, K S -- Qin, H -- Jiang, L -- Pamphile, W -- Crosby, M -- Shen, M -- Vamathevan, J J -- Lam, P -- McDonald, L -- Utterback, T -- Zalewski, C -- Makarova, K S -- Aravind, L -- Daly, M J -- Minton, K W -- Fleischmann, R D -- Ketchum, K A -- Nelson, K E -- Salzberg, S -- Smith, H O -- Venter, J C -- Fraser, C M -- R01 CA077712/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Nov 19;286(5444):1571-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Genomic Research, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10567266" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Proteins/biosynthesis/chemistry/genetics ; Catalase/genetics ; Chromosomes, Bacterial/genetics ; DNA Damage ; DNA Repair/genetics ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; Energy Metabolism ; Genes, Bacterial ; *Genome, Bacterial ; Gram-Positive Cocci/chemistry/classification/*genetics/radiation effects ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Open Reading Frames ; Oxidative Stress ; *Physical Chromosome Mapping ; Plasmids ; Radiation Tolerance ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Superoxide Dismutase/genetics ; Thermus/chemistry/genetics ; Ultraviolet Rays
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1995-12-22
    Description: A physical map has been constructed of the human genome containing 15,086 sequence-tagged sites (STSs), with an average spacing of 199 kilobases. The project involved assembly of a radiation hybrid map of the human genome containing 6193 loci and incorporated a genetic linkage map of the human genome containing 5264 loci. This information was combined with the results of STS-content screening of 10,850 loci against a yeast artificial chromosome library to produce an integrated map, anchored by the radiation hybrid and genetic maps. The map provides radiation hybrid coverage of 99 percent and physical coverage of 94 percent of the human genome. The map also represents an early step in an international project to generate a transcript map of the human genome, with more than 3235 expressed sequences localized. The STSs in the map provide a scaffold for initiating large-scale sequencing of the human genome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hudson, T J -- Stein, L D -- Gerety, S S -- Ma, J -- Castle, A B -- Silva, J -- Slonim, D K -- Baptista, R -- Kruglyak, L -- Xu, S H -- Hu, X -- Colbert, A M -- Rosenberg, C -- Reeve-Daly, M P -- Rozen, S -- Hui, L -- Wu, X -- Vestergaard, C -- Wilson, K M -- Bae, J S -- Maitra, S -- Ganiatsas, S -- Evans, C A -- DeAngelis, M M -- Ingalls, K A -- Nahf, R W -- Horton, L T Jr -- Anderson, M O -- Collymore, A J -- Ye, W -- Kouyoumjian, V -- Zemsteva, I S -- Tam, J -- Devine, R -- Courtney, D F -- Renaud, M T -- Nguyen, H -- O'Connor, T J -- Fizames, C -- Faure, S -- Gyapay, G -- Dib, C -- Morissette, J -- Orlin, J B -- Birren, B W -- Goodman, N -- Weissenbach, J -- Hawkins, T L -- Foote, S -- Page, D C -- Lander, E S -- HG00017/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- HG00098/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Dec 22;270(5244):1945-54.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead-MIT Center for Genome Research, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8533086" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; *Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Artificial, Yeast ; Databases, Factual ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Markers ; *Genome, Human ; *Human Genome Project ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; *Sequence Tagged Sites
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1995-12-15
    Description: The rice Xa21 gene, which confers resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae race 6, was isolated by positional cloning. Fifty transgenic rice plants carrying the cloned Xa21 gene display high levels of resistance to the pathogen. The sequence of the predicted protein, which carries both a leucine-rich repeat motif and a serine-threonine kinase-like domain, suggests a role in cell surface recognition of a pathogen ligand and subsequent activation of an intracellular defense response. Characterization of Xa21 should facilitate understanding of plant disease resistance and lead to engineered resistance in rice.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Song, W Y -- Wang, G L -- Chen, L L -- Kim, H S -- Pi, L Y -- Holsten, T -- Gardner, J -- Wang, B -- Zhai, W X -- Zhu, L H -- Fauquet, C -- Ronald, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Dec 15;270(5243):1804-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8525370" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; *Genes, Plant ; Genetic Linkage ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oryza/enzymology/*genetics/microbiology ; Plant Diseases ; Plant Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*genetics/metabolism ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*genetics/metabolism ; Xanthomonas/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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