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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2024-03-20
    Description: Volcanic lakes are complex natural systems and their chemical composition is related to a myriad of processes. The chemical composition of major, minor, Rare Earth Elements (REE) and physico-chemical parameters at the hyperacid crater lake of Rincón de la Vieja volcano (Costa Rica) are here investigated during February 2013–August 2014. The study of the lake chemical composition allows to identify the main geochemical processes occurring in the lake and to track the changes in the volcanic activity, both important for active volcanoes monitoring. The total REE concentration ( REE) dissolved in the crater lake varies from 2.7 to 3.6 mg kg−1 during the period of observation. REE in the water lake samples normalized to the average volcanic local rock (REEN-local rock) are depleted in light REE (LREE). On the contrary REEN-local rock in the solids precipitated (mainly gypsum/anhydrite), from lake water samples in laboratory at 22°C, are enriched in LREE. The low variability of (La/Pr)N-local rock and (LREE/ HREE)N-local rock ratios (0.92–1.07 and 0.66–0.81, respectively) in crater lake waters is consistent with the low phreatic activity (less than 10 phreatic eruptions in 2 years) observed during the period of observation. This period of low activity precedes the unrest started in 2015, thus, it could be considered as a pre-unrest, characterized by infrequent phreatic eruptions. No clear changes in the REE chemistry are associated with the phreatic eruption occurred at mid- 2013. The results obtained investigating water-rock interaction processes at theRincón de la Vieja crater lake show that rock dissolution and mineral precipitation/ dissolution are the main processes that control the variability of cations composition over time. In particular, precipitation and dissolution of gypsum and alunite are responsible for the variations of REE in the waters. Despite the low variations of (La/Pr)N-local rock and (LREE/HREE)N-local rock ratios, this study allows to suggest that REE can be used, together with major elements, as practical tracers of water-rock interaction processes and mineral precipitation/ dissolution at active hyperacid crater lakes over time, also during periods of quiescence and low phreatic activity.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1197568
    Description: OSV3: Sviluppo di nuovi sistemi osservazionali e di analisi ad alta sensibilità
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Rare earth elements ; hyperacid crater lake ; geochemical monitoring ; sulfate minerals ; water-rock interaction
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: Aim: Amazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types. Location: Amazonia. Taxon: Angiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots). Methods: Data for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran's eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny. Results: In the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R2= 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R2= 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types. Main Conclusion: Numerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (〉66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions.
    Keywords: community assembly ; dispersal limitation ; environmental selection ; evolutionary principal ; component analysis ; indicator lineage analysis ; Moran's eigenvector maps ; neotropics ; Niche ; conservatism ; tropical rain forests
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2024-04-13
    Description: Trees structure the Earth's most biodiverse ecosystem, tropical forests. The vast number of tree species presents a formidable challenge to understanding these forests, including their response to environmental change, as very little is known about most tropical tree species. A focus on the common species may circumvent this challenge. Here we investigate abundance patterns of common tree species using inventory data on 1,003,805 trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm across 1,568 locations1-6 in closed-canopy, structurally intact old-growth tropical forests in Africa, Amazonia and Southeast Asia. We estimate that 2.2%, 2.2% and 2.3% of species comprise 50% of the tropical trees in these regions, respectively. Extrapolating across all closed-canopy tropical forests, we estimate that just 1,053 species comprise half of Earth's 800 billion tropical trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm. Despite differing biogeographic, climatic and anthropogenic histories7, we find notably consistent patterns of common species and species abundance distributions across the continents. This suggests that fundamental mechanisms of tree community assembly may apply to all tropical forests. Resampling analyses show that the most common species are likely to belong to a manageable list of known species, enabling targeted efforts to understand their ecology. Although they do not detract from the importance of rare species, our results open new opportunities to understand the world's most diverse forests, including modelling their response to environmental change, by focusing on the common species that constitute the majority of their trees.
    Keywords: Multidisciplinary ; ABUNDANCE DISTRIBUTIONS ; ALPHA-DIVERSITY ; PLANT DIVERSITY ; FORESTS ; BIOMASS
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Seismic swarms are defined as a group of earthquakes occurring very close in time and space but without any distinctively large event triggering their occurrence. Up to now no simple law has been found to describe the swarm occurrence rate. Here we find an expression able to fit the average occurrence rate on some volcanic areas. This expression exhibits some differences in respect to the classical Omori law. Namely the c parameter of the Omori law is equal to zero and the power law decay of the average occurrence rate of the earthquakes is followed by an exponential decaying regime. Both the results can be interpreted in term of fluid injection and/or movements. Indeed this is a more impulsive phenomenon compared to the occurrence of a large earthquake, with a duration compatible with a c = 0. The exponential decay following the power law one could be explained by a viscoelastic relaxation of the stress induced by the injection and/or movements of fluids in the earth crust.
    Description: Published
    Description: e2022EA002534
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Amazonia’s floodplain system is the largest and most biodiverse on Earth. Although forests are crucial to the ecological integrity of floodplains, our understanding of their species composition and how this may differ from surrounding forest types is still far too limited, particularly as changing inundation regimes begin to reshape floodplain tree communities and the critical ecosystem functions they underpin. Here we address this gap by taking a spatially explicit look at Amazonia-wide patterns of tree-species turnover and ecological specialization of the region’s floodplain forests. We show that the majority of Amazonian tree species can inhabit floodplains, and about a sixth of Amazonian tree diversity is ecologically specialized on floodplains. The degree of specialization in floodplain communities is driven by regional flood patterns, with the most compositionally differentiated floodplain forests located centrally within the fluvial network and contingent on the most extraordinary flood magnitudes regionally. Our results provide a spatially explicit view of ecological specialization of floodplain forest communities and expose the need for whole-basin hydrological integrity to protect the Amazon’s tree diversity and its function.
    Keywords: Forests
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 6
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    Editorial Grupo AEA | Resultados Científicos de la Investigación Multidisciplinaria desde la Perspectiva Ética
    Publication Date: 2024-02-05
    Description: The business world is made up of a market system where participants form a large network to exchange their products or services, however, due to the constant change in supply and demand, the various enterprises and companies must adopt to obtain funding, improve their practices, innovate in technological aspect and even launch new businesses, etc. The objective of the article is to analyze the way in which ethics is related to market systems, due to the change that exists in the working environment where all the actors, functions and issues of a sub-sector of products are interconnected. The bibliographic review methodology is applied based on registered publications of articles that include criteria of labor market, ethics and market systems to provide constructive elements on the way in which labor changes are evidenced in the city of Quito. The results are organized in two parts. first, a conceptual analysis of the actors and the usefulness of their theoretical engagement is considered; then emphasis is placed on defining the contributions of business ethics to this theory. In conclusion, it is evident that there must be a concept of ethics based on trust, cooperation between the company and its stakeholders, in addition to management responsibility in a market where there is a constant need for regulations, recognition and sanctions for those who violate laws, consumer fraud, shareholder fraud, accounting fraud, etc.
    Description: Published
    Description: El mundo de los negocios se encuentra conformado por un sistema de mercado donde los participantes conformar una gran red para intercambiar sus productos o servicios, sin embargo, debido al constante cambio de la oferta y demanda, los distintos emprendimientos tanto como las empresas deben adoptarse para obtener financiamiento, mejorar sus prácticas, innovar en aspecto tecnológico e incluso lanzar negocios nuevos, etc. El objetivo del artículo es analizar la forma en la que se relaciona la ética junto a los sistemas de mercado, debido al cambio que existe en el medio laboral donde se interconectan todos los actores, funciones y temas de un subsector de productos. Se aplica la metodología revisión bibliográfica en base a publicaciones registradas de los artículos que incluyen criterios de mercado laboral, ética y sistemas de mercado para proporcionar elementos constructivos sobre la forma en que se evidencian los cambios laborales en la ciudad de Quito. Los resultados se organizan en dos partes. primero, se considera un análisis conceptual de los actores y la utilidad de su compromiso teórico; luego se pone el acento en la definición de los aportes de la ética empresarial a esta teoría. Al concluir se evidencia que debe existir un concepto de ética basado en la confianza, cooperación entre la empresa y sus grupos de intereses, además de la responsabilidad de gestión en un mercado donde existe un constante es necesario se apliquen normativas, reconocimientos y sanciones para quienes infringen leyes, estafas al consumidor, defraudaciones a accionistas, engaños contables, etc.
    Keywords: Ética ; sistemas de mercado ; cambio laboral ; Quito ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences
    Language: Spanish
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: In this book the fundamentals of web programming were investigated, as well as the essential technologies to create web applications, such as HTML and CSS. The basic concepts of Frontend programming using the JavaScript programming language were documented, and the concepts of Backend programming using the PHP programming language were also documented. This book aims to get involved in web programming starting with the study of Frontend to Backend with the basic concepts, codes and examples, using free programming technologies accessible to any student, to create dynamic applications with database access. As a result, it was obtained that it is possible to create complex web applications using current free technologies, with a nice design, designing it easily with a CSS Framework such as Bootstrap, and using JQuery as a library to quickly create applications with JavaScript. PHP was also used because it is one of the most used languages to create applications connected to MySQL databases.
    Description: Published
    Description: En este libro se investigó los fundamentos de la programación web, así como las tecnologías esenciales para lograr crear aplicaciones web, tales como HTML y CSS. Se documentó los conceptos básicos de la programación Frontend utilizando el lenguaje de programación JavaScript, se documentó también los conceptos de la programación Backend utilizando el lenguaje de programación PHP. Este libro tiene como objetivo involucrarse en la programación web iniciando con el estudio del Frontend hasta el Backend con los conceptos básicos, códigos y ejemplos, utilizando tecnologías de programación gratuitas accesibles para cualquier estudiante, para llegar a crear aplicaciones dinámicas con acceso a base de datos. Como resultado se obtuvo que se puede llegar a crear aplicaciones web complejas utilizando tecnologías actuales gratuitas, con un diseño agradable, diseñándolo fácilmente con un Framework CSS como Bootstrap, y utilizando JQuery como una librería para crear rápidamente aplicaciones con JavaScript. Se utilizó además PHP por ser uno de los lenguajes más utilizados para crear aplicaciones conectadas a bases de datos MySQL.
    Keywords: Programación Web ; Frontend ; Backend ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology
    Language: Spanish
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: In this book the processes of implementation, testing and maintenance of software engineering were investigated and the different types of software tests were documented to validate the correct operation of a software, the processes of evolution of a software to achieve a correct software maintenance were also documented. The objective of this book is to apply the concepts and theories of software validation in order to create quality, reliable, available, protected and safe software, so that the information systems professional is able to manage efficiently and in ethical and responsible environments projects immersed in software creation. Several books were investigated and a compendium of the most important parts was made and it was concluded that software engineering provides several techniques for the evaluation and validation of software and several methodologies for the development of reliable and safe software that the professional can use depending on the different needs, situations or projects to be developed.
    Description: Published
    Description: En este libro se investigó los procesos de implementación, pruebas y mantenimiento de la ingeniería del software y se documentó los diferentes tipos de pruebas de software para validar el correcto funcionamiento de un software, se documentó también los procesos de evolución de un software para lograr un correcto mantenimiento del software. Este libro tiene como objetivo aplicar los conceptos y teorías de validación del software con el fin de crear de software de calidad, confiable, que se encuentre disponible, protegido y seguro, para que el profesional de sistemas informáticos sea capaz de gestionar con eficiencia y en ambientes éticos y de responsabilidad proyectos inmersos en la creación software. Se investigó varios libros llegando a realizar un compendio de las partes más importantes y se llegó a la conclusión de que la ingeniería del software proporciona varias técnicas para la evaluación y validación del software y varias metodologías para el desarrollo de software confiable y seguro que el profesional puede utilizar dependiendo las diferentes necesidades, situaciones o proyectos a desarrollar
    Keywords: Ingeniería del Software ; Pruebas ; Mantenimiento ; Seguridad ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology
    Language: Spanish
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: In this book the fundamentals of software engineering were investigated and the basic concepts of software and the processes for the creation of software were documented, it was also documented how to carry out an analysis of software requirements, what are the types of requirements, how to obtain them, document them, validate them and model them by means of different types of diagrams. The objective of this book is to apply the concepts and theories of management for the creation of quality software through the different methodologies, techniques and tools of software engineering so that the information systems professional is able to manage efficiently and in ethical and responsible environments projects immersed in the creation of software. Several books were investigated and a compendium of the most important parts was made and it was concluded that software engineering provides several methodologies for software development and several models for software design that the professional can use depending on the different needs or different situations or projects to develop.
    Description: Published
    Description: En este libro se investigó los fundamentos de la ingeniería del software y se documentó los conceptos básicos del software y los procesos para la creación de software, se documentó también cómo llevar a cabo un análisis de requerimientos de software, cuáles son los tipos de requerimientos, cómo obtenerlos, documentarlos, validarlos y modelarlos mediante diferentes tipos de diagramas. Este libro tiene como objetivo aplicar los conceptos y teorías de administración para la creación de software de calidad mediante las diferentes metodologías, técnicas y herramientas de la ingeniería del software para que el profesional de sistemas informáticos sea capaz de gestionar con eficiencia y en ambientes éticos y de responsabilidad proyectos inmersos en la creación software. Se investigó varios libros llegando a realizar un compendio de las partes más importantes y se llegó a la conclusión de que la ingeniería del software proporciona varias metodologías para el desarrollo del software y varios modelos para el diseño de software que el profesional puede utilizar dependiendo las diferentes necesidades o las diferentes situaciones o proyectos a desarrollar.
    Keywords: Ingeniería del Software ; Requerimientos ; Modelado ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology
    Language: Spanish
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