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  • 2020-2024  (10)
  • 2010-2014
  • 2021  (10)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Approximately half of the freshwater discharged from the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets enters the ocean subsurface as a result of basal ice melt, or runoff draining via the grounding line of a deep ice shelf or marine-terminating glacier. Around Antarctica and parts of northern Greenland, this freshwater then experiences prolonged residence times in large cavities beneath floating ice tongues. Due to the inaccessibility of these cavities, it is unclear how they moderate the freshwater associated supply of nutrients such as iron (Fe) to the ocean. Here, we show that subglacial dissolved Fe export from Nioghalvfjerdsbrae (the ‘79°N Glacier’) is decoupled from particulate inputs including freshwater Fe supply, likely due to the prolonged ~162-day residence time of Atlantic water beneath Greenland’s largest floating ice-tongue. Our findings indicate that the overturning rate and particle-dissolved phase exchanges in ice cavities exert a dominant control on subglacial nutrient supply to shelf regions.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2024-07-01
    Description: Radium isotopes are produced by decay of an isotope of thorium, a highly particle reactive element. Radium is relatively soluble in seawater such that once a thorium isotope in suspended or bottom sediments decays, a fraction of the produced radium isotope may be released to solution. 228Ra is strongly enriched in shelf waters and in the Transpolar Drift (TPD) and its half-life (5.8 years) is well suited to study the fate of this shelf-derived water in the central Arctic. The 228Th/228Ra ratio in the subsurface water column can be used to trace particle fluxes. In previous studies up to PS94 (2015) we had identified the strong and increasing 228Ra signal in the Transpolar Drift. During PS100 we studied the distribution of 228Ra in Fram Strait to investigate how this 228Ra signal in the TPD is changed by dilution and decay on its way to the East Greenland Current. Water from in situ pumps was filtered and passed over MnO2-coated cartridges to absorb the Ra and Th. On board, short-lived Radium isotopes and 228Th were analysed using RaDeCC counting. In the lab, the cartridges were leached in refluxing HCl and long-lived Radium isotopes were measured by gamma spectroscopy. At depths where in situ pumps were deployed with two cartridges in series, the Ra adsorption efficiency was determined from the ratio of the Ra activities in the two cartridges. At depths where only one cartridge was mounted, we used the average collection efficiency of all other cartridge pairs, corrected after a mass spectrometric analysis of 226Ra activities in discrete samples (Vieira et al., 2021, doi:10.1002/lom3.10428) (82 ± 8%).
    Keywords: ARK-XXX/2, GN05; DATE/TIME; Depth, bathymetric; DEPTH, water; Event label; Gamma spectroscopy; GEOTRACES; Global marine biogeochemical cycles of trace elements and their isotopes; In situ pump; In-Situ-Pump; ISP; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; North Greenland Sea; Polarstern; PS100; PS100/015-3; PS100/028-3; PS100/037-3; PS100/044-3; PS100/052-3; PS100/074-2; PS100/101-3; PS100/165-3; PS100/189-3; PS100/241-3; PS100/285-2; RaDeCC; Radium; Radium-224; Radium-224, standard deviation; Radium-226; Radium-226, standard deviation; Radium-228; Radium-228, standard deviation; Radium-228/Radium-226 activity ratio; Radium-228/Radium-226 activity ratio, standard deviation; Station label; Thorium; Thorium-228; Thorium-228, standard deviation
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1236 data points
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2024-07-01
    Description: 228Ra is strongly enriched in shelf waters and its half-life (5.8 years) is well suited to study the fate of shelf-derived water in the central Arctic. During PS78 (TRANSARC I) we studied the distribution of 228Ra in surface waters of the central Arctic to investigate how this 228Ra signal is transported in the Transpolar Drift. Water from the ships' seawater intake (Sta 196, 205) or from a submersible pump lowered to 10m depth on hydrographic stations (from station 209 onwards) was filtered and passed over MnO2-coated cartridges to absorb Radium and Thorium. Short-lived 224Ra, as analog for the total concentration of its parent 228Th, was determined on board with RaDeCC counting. In the lab, the cartridges were leached and long-lived Radium isotopes were measured by gamma spectroscopy.
    Keywords: Arctic; Arctic Ocean; ARK-XXVI/3; DATE/TIME; Depth, bathymetric; DEPTH, water; Event label; Fraction; Gamma spectroscopy; GPUMP; Laptev Sea; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Polarstern; PS78/196-3; PS78/205; PS78/209-5; PS78/212-4; PS78/218-6; PS78/221; PS78/222-6; PS78/224-2; PS78/227-4; PS78/230-6; PS78/232-2; PS78/233-2; PS78/234-2; PS78/235-7; PS78/236-2; PS78/237-2; PS78/239-6; PS78/241-2; PS78/242-3; PS78/243-2; PS78/244-2; PS78/245-6; PS78/246-2; PS78/247-2; PS78/248-3; PS78/249-2; PS78/250-6; PS78/251-2; PS78/252-2; PS78/253-2; PS78/257-2; PS78/259-3; PS78/271-2; PS78/272-4; PS78/273; PS78/274-2; PS78/276-5; PS78/278-2; PS78/280-5; PS78/283-2; PS78/285-5; PS78 TransArc; PUMP; RaDeCC; Radium; Radium-224; Radium-224, standard deviation; Radium-226; Radium-226, standard deviation; Radium-228; Radium-228, standard deviation; Salinity; Ships non-toxic pump; Station label; Temperature, water, potential; Thorium; TPD; Water pump; δ18O, water
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 460 data points
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2024-07-01
    Description: During the Polarstern TransARC II cruise (PS94) expedition water samples were taken in the Arctic Ocean north of 71 °N, between 17 August and 14 October 2015. The cruise was part of the international GEOTRACES program. Samples for trace metal analysis were taken using 24 trace-metal clean polypropylene samplers of 24 L, each mounted on an all titanium frame with a SEABIRD 911 CTD system. In an ISO Class 6 clean room container the samples were immediately filtered over 〈 0.2 µm Sartobran 300 cartridges and acidified. The dissolved trace metals cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn) were analysed at the Netherlands Institute for Sea Research with a Thermo Finnigan High Resolution Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (HR-ICP-MS) element 2 after pre-concentration and matrix removal. This study provides a baseline to assess future change, and additionally identifies processes driving bio-essential trace metal distributions.
    Keywords: Arctic Ocean; ARK-XXIX/3; Barents Sea; Bottle number; Cadmium, dissolved; Cadmium, dissolved, standard deviation; Cast number; Cobalt, dissolved; Cobalt, dissolved, standard deviation; Copper, dissolved; Copper, dissolved, standard deviation; CTD, Sea-Bird, SBE 911plus; CTD/Rosette; CTD/Rosette, ultra clean; CTD-RO; CTD-UC; DEPTH, water; Dissolved trace metals; Event label; GEOTRACES; Global marine biogeochemical cycles of trace elements and their isotopes; High resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer; HR-ICP-MS; Iron, dissolved; Iron, dissolved, standard deviation; Manganese, dissolved; Manganese, dissolved, standard deviation; Nickel, dissolved; Nickel, dissolved, standard deviation; Norwegian Sea; Polarstern; Pressure, water; PS94; PS94/032-4; PS94/050-3; PS94/054-3; PS94/058-7; PS94/064-2; PS94/069-2; PS94/070-4; PS94/081-10; PS94/087-1; PS94/091-2; PS94/096-4; PS94/099-3; PS94/101-4; PS94/117-3; PS94/119-1; PS94/121-2; PS94/125-3; PS94/130-2; PS94/134-2; PS94/147-2; PS94/149-2; PS94/153-2; PS94/157-2; PS94/161-2; PS94/169-2; PS94/173-2; Quality flag; Salinity; Temperature, water; Zinc, dissolved; Zinc, dissolved, standard deviation
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 14613 data points
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2024-07-01
    Description: We present spatially highly resolved distributions of dissolved seawater rare earth element concentrations and neodymium isotopes along a transect in the central Arctic Ocean from FS Polarstern cruise PS94 (GEOTRACES GN04) in August-October 2015. Seawater samples were collected using Niskin bottles and filtered through AcroPak 500 filter cartridges (pore size 0.8/0.2 µm) directly from the Niskin bottles onboard.
    Keywords: Arctic Ocean; ARK-XXIX/3; Based on definitions by Rudels et al. (2012); Bottle number; Calculated, PAAS-normalized (Rudnick and Gao, 2003); Cerium, dissolved; Cerium anomaly, dissolved; Comment; CTD/Rosette; CTD/Rosette, ultra clean; CTD-RO; CTD-UC; DATE/TIME; DEPTH, water; Dysprosium, dissolved; ELEVATION; Erbium, dissolved; Europium, dissolved; Europium anomaly, dissolved; Event label; Gadolinium, dissolved; Gadolinium anomaly, dissolved; GEOTRACES; Global marine biogeochemical cycles of trace elements and their isotopes; Heavy rare-earth elements/light rare-earth elements ratio, dissolved; Holmium, dissolved; Lanthanum, dissolved; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Lutetium, dissolved; Neodymium, dissolved; Neodymium isotopes; Polarstern; Praseodymium, dissolved; PS94; PS94/032-7; PS94/032-9; PS94/040-1; PS94/040-3; PS94/050-1; PS94/050-4; PS94/050-6; PS94/050-8; PS94/058-1; PS94/058-3; PS94/068-1; PS94/069-2; PS94/069-4; PS94/070-1; PS94/070-4; PS94/081-2; PS94/081-5; PS94/096-2; PS94/096-7; PS94/101-2; PS94/101-5; PS94/101-7; PS94/115-1; PS94/117-2; PS94/117-4; PS94/125-2; PS94/125-5; PS94/134-1; Rare earth elements; Salinity; Samarium, dissolved; Temperature, water; Terbium, dissolved; Thulium, dissolved; Water mass; Ytterbium, dissolved; ε-Neodymium, dissolved; ε-Neodymium, error, dissolved
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 3320 data points
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2024-07-01
    Description: We present spatially highly resolved distributions of particulate seawater rare earth element concentrations and neodymium isotopes along a transect in the central Arctic Ocean from FS Polarstern cruise PS94 (GEOTRACES GN04) in August-October 2015. Particle samples were taken using in-situ pumps and Supor filters (pore size 0.45 μm).
    Keywords: Arctic Ocean; ARK-XXIX/3; Calculated; Cerium, particulate; Cerium anomaly, particulate; Comment; CTD/Rosette, ultra clean; CTD-UC; DATE/TIME; DEPTH, water; Dysprosium, particulate; ELEVATION; Erbium, particulate; Europium, particulate; Europium anomaly, particulate; Event label; Gadolinium, particulate; Gadolinium anomaly, particulate; GEOTRACES; Global marine biogeochemical cycles of trace elements and their isotopes; Heavy rare-earth elements/light rare-earth elements ratio, particulate; Holmium, particulate; In situ pump; ISP; Lanthanum, particulate; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Lutetium, particulate; Neodymium, particulate; Neodymium, particulate, authigenic; Neodymium, particulate, lithogenic; Neodymium isotopes; Polarstern; Praseodymium, particulate; PS94; PS94/032-8; PS94/050-5; PS94/069-2; PS94/070-4; PS94/081-9; PS94/096-5; PS94/101-6; PS94/117-7; PS94/125-8; Rare earth elements; Samarium, particulate; Terbium, particulate; Thulium, particulate; Ytterbium, particulate; ε-Neodymium, error, particulate; ε-Neodymium, particulate
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1492 data points
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2024-07-01
    Description: Oxygen and hydrogen isotopes are key tracers to identify the sources of fresh water in a seawater sample, especially to distinguish meteoric water from sea-ice meltwater. Water samples were collected from CTD-Rosette casts during Polarstern expedition PS100, July - September 2016, to the Fram Strait and East Greenland Shelf area. Unfiltered water was collected in 100-ml glass bottles. The bottles were rinsed three times with the sample and filled through a silicon tube, avoiding gas bubbles, until just below the rim. The bottles were closed air tight, waxed by dipping them upside down in a melted beewax/stearine mixture, and stored at 2-5°C. Mass spectrometric analysis was carried out in the AWI stable isotope laboratory in Potsdam.
    Keywords: 18O; ARK-XXX/2, GN05; AWI_Envi; Bottle number; Calculated; Cast number; CTD, SEA-BIRD SBE 911plus, SN T5101-C3290; CTD/Rosette; CTD-L; CTD Large; CTD-RO; Density, potential; DEPTH, water; derived from SBE43 oxygen sensor; Deuterium excess; Event label; FRAM; GEOTRACES; Global marine biogeochemical cycles of trace elements and their isotopes; GRIFF; Isotope ratio mass spectrometry; North Greenland Sea; Norwegian Sea; Oxygen; Polarstern; Polar Terrestrial Environmental Systems @ AWI; Pressure, water; PS100; PS100/002-1; PS100/015-2; PS100/015-5; PS100/027-1; PS100/028-2; PS100/028-4; PS100/044-2; PS100/044-4; PS100/046-1; PS100/048-1; PS100/052-2; PS100/052-4; PS100/056-2; PS100/056-5; PS100/060-1; PS100/062-1; PS100/066-1; PS100/076-1; PS100/078-1; PS100/079-1; PS100/080-1; PS100/082-2; PS100/086-1; PS100/088-1; PS100/090-2; PS100/109-1; PS100/111-1; PS100/113-1; PS100/115-1; PS100/117-1; PS100/119-1; PS100/130-1; PS100/132-1; PS100/134-1; PS100/135-2; PS100/137-1; PS100/139-1; PS100/141-1; PS100/151-1; PS100/153-1; PS100/160-1; PS100/162-1; PS100/165-2; PS100/166-1; PS100/168-1; PS100/178-1; PS100/179-1; PS100/186-1; PS100/188-1; PS100/189-2; PS100/191-1; PS100/193-1; PS100/195-1; PS100/201-1; PS100/202-2; PS100/203-1; PS100/220-1; PS100/224-1; PS100/228-1; PS100/236-1; PS100/241-2; PS100/250-1; PS100/253-1; PS100/262-2; PS100/274-3; PS100/285-1; PS100/285-3; PS100/288-2; Salinity; Stable isotopes; Station label; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, potential; δ18O, standard deviation; δ18O, water; δ Deuterium; δ Deuterium, standard deviation
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 7937 data points
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2024-07-01
    Description: Radium isotopes are produced by decay of an isotope of thorium, a highly particle reactive element. Radium is relatively soluble in seawater such that once a thorium isotope in suspended or bottom sediments decays, a fraction of the produced radium isotope may be released to solution. 224Ra (3.7-day half-life) and 223Ra (11.4-day half-life) are used extensively as tracers for interaction on the shelf and for submarine groundwater discharge (SGD). 228Ra is strongly enriched in shelf waters and in the Transpolar Drift (TPD) and its half-life (5.8 years) is well suited to study the fate of this shelf-derived water in the central Arctic. This dataset collected in the framework of GEOTRACES during PS94 in 2015 shows that the input of 228Ra in the TPD has increased since previous studies in 2007 and 2011. The distribution of 228Ra-daughter 228Th (1.9 y half-life) and the 228Th/228Ra ratio are measured to trace particle fluxes. The accumulation of 226Ra (1620 y half-life) in the deep Makarov Basin can be used as a measure of basin ventilation time.
    Keywords: Arctic Ocean; Area/locality; ARK-XXIX/3; Barents Sea; DATE/TIME; DEPTH, water; Event label; Gamma spectroscopy; GEOTRACES; Global marine biogeochemical cycles of trace elements and their isotopes; In situ pump; In-Situ-Pump; ISP; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Method comment; Polarstern; PS94; PS94/050-5; PS94/054; PS94/058; PS94/062; PS94/068; PS94/075; PS94/081-9; PS94/087; PS94/091; PS94/096-5; PS94/099; PS94/101-6; PS94/117-7; PS94/119; PS94/121; PS94/123; PS94/125-8; PS94/129; PS94/132; PS94/135; PS94/136; PS94/137; PS94/138; PS94/139; PS94/140; PS94/147; PS94/153-6; PS94/161-5; PS94/169; PS94/173; PUMP; RaDeCC; Radium; Radium-224; Radium-224, standard deviation; Radium-224 excess; Radium-224 excess, standard deviation; Radium-226; Radium-226, standard deviation; Radium-228; Radium-228, standard deviation; Station label; Thorium; Thorium-228; Thorium-228, particulate; Thorium-228, standard deviation; Water pump
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 602 data points
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2024-07-01
    Description: Radium isotopes are produced by decay of an isotope of thorium, a highly particle reactive element. Radium is relatively soluble in seawater such that once a thorium isotope in suspended or bottom sediments decays, a fraction of the produced radium isotope may be released to solution. 228Ra is strongly enriched in shelf waters and in the Transpolar Drift (TPD) and its half-life (5.8 years) is well suited to study the fate of this shelf-derived water in the central Arctic. The 228Th/228Ra ratio in the subsurface water column can be used to trace particle fluxes. In previous studies up to PS94 (2015) we had identified the strong and increasing 228Ra signal in the Transpolar Drift. During PS100 we studied the distribution of 228Ra in Fram Strait to investigate how this 228Ra signal in the TPD is changed by dilution and decay on its way to the East Greenland Current. Water from the ship's seawater intake was filtered and passed over MnO2-coated cartridges to absorb the Ra and Th. On board, short-lived Radium isotopes and 228Th were analysed using RaDeCC counting. In the lab, the cartridges were leached in refluxing HCl and long-lived Radium isotopes were measured by gamma spectroscopy.
    Keywords: ARK-XXX/2, GN05; DATE/TIME; Depth, bathymetric; DEPTH, water; Event label; Gamma spectroscopy; GEOTRACES; Global marine biogeochemical cycles of trace elements and their isotopes; In situ pump; ISP; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; North Greenland Sea; Polarstern; PS100; PS100/015-3; PS100/028-3; PS100/037-3; PS100/044-3; PS100/052-3; PS100/101-3; PS100/103-4; PS100/120; PS100/135; PS100/143; PS100/165-3; PS100/179; PS100/189-3; PS100/241-3; PS100/262; PS100/274; PS100/280; PS100/285-2; PS100/288; PS100/54; PS100/55; PS100/56; PS100/58; PS100/60; PS100/73; PS100/75; PS100/76; PS100/78; PS100/79; PS100/80; PS100/82; PS100/90; PS100/94; PS100/96; PS100/99; PUMP; RaDeCC; Radium; Radium-224; Radium-224, standard deviation; Radium-226; Radium-226, standard deviation; Radium-228; Radium-228, standard deviation; Radium-228/Radium-226 activity ratio; Radium-228/Radium-226 activity ratio, standard deviation; Station label; Thorium; Thorium-228; Thorium-228, standard deviation; Water pump
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 420 data points
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2024-07-01
    Description: Radium isotopes are produced by decay of an isotope of thorium, a highly particle reactive element. Radium is relatively soluble in seawater such that once a thorium isotope in suspended or bottom sediments decays, a fraction of the produced radium isotope may be released to solution. 224Ra (3.7-day half-life) and 223Ra (11.4-day half-life) are used extensively as tracers for interaction on the shelf and for submarine groundwater discharge (SGD). 228Ra is strongly enriched in shelf waters and in the Transpolar Drift (TPD) and its half-life (5.8 years) is well suited to study the fate of this shelf-derived water in the central Arctic. This dataset collected in the framework of GEOTRACES during PS94 in 2015 shows that the input of 228Ra in the TPD has increased since previous studies in 2007 and 2011. The distribution of 228Ra-daughter 228Th (1.9 y half-life) and the 228Th/228Ra ratio are measured to trace particle fluxes. The accumulation of 226Ra (1620 y half-life) in the deep Makarov Basin can be used as a measure of basin ventilation time.
    Keywords: Arctic Ocean; ARK-XXIX/3; Barents Sea; DATE/TIME; Depth, bathymetric; Depth, relative; DEPTH, water; Event label; Fraction; Gamma spectroscopy; GEOTRACES; Global marine biogeochemical cycles of trace elements and their isotopes; In situ pump; In-Situ-Pump; ISP; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Polarstern; PS94; PS94/004-4; PS94/032-8; PS94/050-5; PS94/054; PS94/058; PS94/062; PS94/068; PS94/075; PS94/081-9; PS94/087; PS94/091; PS94/096-5; PS94/099; PS94/101-6; PS94/117-7; PS94/119; PS94/121; PS94/123; PS94/125-8; PS94/129; PS94/132; PS94/134; PS94/135; PS94/136; PS94/137; PS94/138; PS94/139; PS94/140; PS94/147; PS94/153-6; PS94/161-5; PS94/169; PS94/173; PUMP; RaDeCC; Radium; Radium-224; Radium-224, standard deviation; Radium-224/Radium-228 ratio; Radium-224/Radium-228 ratio, error; Radium-224 excess; Radium-224 excess, standard deviation; Radium-226; Radium-226, standard deviation; Radium-228; Radium-228, standard deviation; Salinity; Station label; Temperature, water, potential; Thorium; Thorium-228; Thorium-228, standard deviation; Water pump; δ18O, water
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1501 data points
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