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  • 1
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: "Intrinsic Clocks" presents an array of current research activities on intrinsic clocks and their contributions to biology and physiology. It elucidates the current models for the intrinsic clocks, their molecular components and key mechanisms as well as the key brain regions and animal models for their behavioral analysis. It provides a timely view on how these clocks guide behavior, and how their disruption may cause depressive-like behavior and impairment in cognitive functions. Thereby, any specific method by which the mood-related functions of the intrinsic clocks might be influenced bears therapeutic potential and has clinical interest. The importance of some of these mechanisms was highlighted by the 2017 award of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young for their discoveries of the genetic control of the daily biological rhythm. The key to the explanation was the discovery of transcription-translation feedback loops of the so-called “clock genes.”
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RC346-429 ; nocturnal ; circadian ; tanycytes ; hippocampus ; mood ; diurnal ; seasonal ; cryptochrome ; oscillation ; small-molecule ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: In the context of disease pathogenesis, it has been observed that after inadequate administration of antibiotics, animals become more susceptible to intestinal colonization and organ invasion by enteropathogens, these could be related to changes caused in the gastrointestinal microbial community. Therefore, we must reconsider the negative consequences that disruption of the microbiome has in the biology of metazoans (dysbacteriosis). Alternations of the intestinal microbiota composition in animals can be caused by multiple factors, including the misuse of antibiotics, having as a result a negative impact on the development and function of the immune, endocrine, nervous, and digestive systems. For this reason, social concerns regarding the development of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms have resulted in an urgent necessity to find feasible alternatives to maintain animal health and performance without the use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP), in order to sustain livestock production as an economically viable source of food for human consumption. Hence, research about AGP alternatives such as probiotics, prebiotics, phytochemicals, organic acids, enzymes, and vaccines has become a priority for many scientists around the world.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; SF600-1100 ; Feed additives ; Antibiotics ; Livestock ; Antimicrobial resistance ; Microbiome
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: The field of arthroscopy, originating from Denmark in 1912, has rapidly evolved to diagnose and treat a wide range of musculoskeletal pathologies. Although around for sometime, arthroscopy in the field of orthopedics has traditionally focused on the knee, shoulder, or elbow, as arthroscopy of the hip is technically challenging; the deep structures of the hip, including neurovascular bundles, require specialized training and equipment to access. However, with advances in surgical techniques, hip arthroscopy has become increasingly popular given its ability to treat pathologies with previously poor prognoses such as labral tears, hip arthritis and femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). When indicated, hip arthroscopy results in shorter recovery times, low complication rates, and excellent outcomes in quality of life and pain regardless of age, gender or activity level. The purpose of this e-book is to shed light on this expanding field by delving into the common hip pathology femoroacetabular impingement, its clinical relevance, and to explore various surgical techniques and postoperative rehabilitation. It is our hope that this textbook provides valuable knowledge to advance the field of hip arthroscopy, enhance surgical techniques, and ultimately increase the quality of patient care.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RD1-811 ; labral ; preservation ; capsular ; management ; femoroacetabular impingement ; hip arthroscopy ; FAI ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: The considerable number of viral infectious disease threats that have emerged since the beginning of the 21st century have shown the need to dispose global and coordinated responses to fight properly and efficiently against them. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (2003), avian influenza in humans (2005), A(H1N1) pandemic influenza (2009), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) (2012 onward) and Ebola virus disease (2014-2015) are some of the most important examples. The latest emerging and devastating threat was Zika virus, an arbovirus that provoked more than 500,000 suspicious cases in the Americas in 2016 and notable processes of social and medical alarms due to the evidence of a causal link between Zika virus and several congenital injuries, like microcephaly, as well as due to its association with neurological disorders such as Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults (PAHO, 2017). In the framework of this global response and multistrategic approach, the purpose of this Research Topic is to provide updated information and novel researches about control strategies, encompassing virological, entomological and epidemiological data, in order to reach the triad of protagonists of transmission cycles (virus, mosquitoes and humans).
    Keywords: RC346-429 ; R5-920 ; RA1-1270 ; QR1-502 ; Q1-390 ; RC109-216 ; Public Health ; Mosquitoes ; Zika virus ; Arbovirus ; Microcephaly ; Epidemiology ; Flavivirus ; Guillain-Barre Syndrome ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
    Language: English
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: Política, planejamento e gestão em saúde: três pilares do SUS em revisão numa obra que traz a contextualização histórica desde os anos 1970, quando surgiu a Associação Brasileira de Pós Graduação em Saúde Coletiva (Abrasco) e grande parte da produção teórica referia-se apenas às políticas de saúde. Já nos anos 1980, o foco direcionou-se especialmente aos estudos sobre planejamento. A década seguinte foi a era da gestão, do estudo de modelos e de programas; e, enfim, no novo milênio, predominaram investigações sobre avaliação de programas e de serviços. Um movimento do geral ao particular, indicativo de dificuldades ideológicas – enfraquecimento da cultura das políticas públicas – e de contrastes entre as políticas e a gestão em saúde, no nascimento da nova política científica brasileira.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; MEDICAL
    Language: Portuguese
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Macroautophagy, the major lysosomal pathway for recycling intracellular components including whole organelles, has emerged as a key process modulating tumorigenesis, tumor–stroma interactions, and cancer therapy. An impressive number of studies over the past decade have unraveled the plastic role of autophagy during tumor development and dissemination. The discoveries that autophagy may either support or repress neoplastic growth and contextually favor or weaken resistance and impact antitumor immunity have spurred efforts from many laboratories trying to conceptualize the complex role of autophagy in cancer using cellular and preclinical models. This complexity is further accentuated by recent findings highlighting that various autophagy-related genes have roles beyond this catabolic mechanism and interface with oncogenic pathways, other trafficking and degradation mechanisms and the cell death machinery. From a therapeutic perspective, knowledge of how autophagy modulates the tumor microenvironment is crucial to devise autophagy-targeting strategies using smart combination of drugs or anticancer modalities. This eBook contains a collection of reviews by autophagy researchers and provides a background to the state-of-the-art in the field of autophagy in cancer, focusing on various aspects of autophagy regulation ranging from its molecular components to its cell autonomous role, e.g. in cell division and oncogenesis, miRNAs regulation, cross-talk with cell death pathways as well as cell non-autonomous role, e.g. in secretion, interface with tumor stroma and clinical prospects of autophagy-based biomarkers and autophagy modulators in anticancer therapy. This eBook is part of the TransAutophagy initiative to better understand the clinical implications of autophagy in cancer.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RC254-282 ; Pancreatic cancer ; Therapy ; miRNAs ; Cell death ; Tumor Microenvironment ; Anti-tumor immunity ; Hypoxia ; Autophagy ; Cell Division ; Cancer ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: The first real major breakthrough that laid the basis of HLA antibody detection in the field of solid organ transplantation, came with the introduction of the complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) test in 1964 by Terasaki and McClelland. Since then, methods for antibody detection have evolved remarkably from conventional cell-based assays to the current advanced solid phase systems on the Luminex platform, with increasing degree of sensitivity and specificity. The latter have been indispensable for more accurate identification of donor specific HLA antibodies in broadly reactive allo antisera, and to guide donor selection and kidney paired exchange programs through virtual crossmatching, in addition to serving as excellent tools for initiating pre-transplant desensitization and post- transplant antibody monitoring. Consensus is evolving on the optimal routine employment of these methods in donor selection strategies along with an understanding of the clinical relevance of antibodies detected by each of them. The immunoassays based on the Luminex platform and flow cytometric beads are however unable to discriminate complement fixing from non-complement fixing HLA antibodies. This is important because the former are considered clinically more pertinent in the peri-transplant period. The C1q assay which is a modification of the solid phase assay based on Luminex single antigen beads, which can be used effectively to monitor high dose IVIG desensitization is essentially a surrogate complement fixing assay, retaining the exquisite sensitivity and specificity of the Luminex platform. Currently, information obtained from these assays is preliminary and much needs to be done to standardize technologies and set a consensus ‘MFI cut off’ for antibody positivity. Besides the overriding influence of anti-HLA antibodies on overall solid organ graft survival, immune response to non-HLA antigens has become a topic of substantial interest in recent years. An ever expanding list of non-HLA antigens has been implicated in graft rejection for various organs, of which the most noted are the Major Histocompatibility Complex class I chain-related molecule A (MICA), Vimentin, Myosin, Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R), Tubulin and Collagen. MICA is one of the most polymorphic and extensively studied non-HLA antigenic targets especially in renal transplantation. Although there are clear indications of MICA antibodies being associated with adverse graft outcome, to date a definitive consensus on this relationship has not been agreed. Because MICA molecules are not expressed constitutively on immunocompetent cells such as T and B lymphocytes, it is of utmost importance to address the impact of MICA donor specific antibodies (DSA) as compared to those that are non- donor specific (NDSA) on graft outcome. The soluble isoform of MICA molecule (sMICA) that is derived from the proteolytic shedding of membrane bound molecules has the potential to engage the NK-cell activating receptor NKG2D and down-regulate its expression. Consequent to the interaction of NKG2D by sMICA, the receptor ligand complex is endocytosed and degraded and thus suppresses NKG2D mediated lysis of the target by NK cells. Thus interaction between NKG2D and sMICA leads to expansion of immunosuppressive/anergic T cells thereby resulting in suppression of NKG2D mediated host innate immunity. These concept support the possible involvement of an immunosuppressive role for sMICA during allotransplantation as shown recently for heart transplantation. This research topic focuses on the clinical utility of investigating the complete antibody repertoire in solid organ transplantation.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RC581-607 ; HLA matching ; donor specific antibodies ; antibody mediated rejection ; B cell immunity ; Graft outcome ; solid organ transplantation ; non HLA antibodies ; MICA antibodies ; antibody subclass ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: In this Research Topic, we provide a comprehensive overview of current public health leadership research, focusing on understanding the impact of leadership on the delivery of public health services. By bringing together ground-breaking research studies detailing the development and validation of leadership activities and resources that promote effective public health practice in a variety of settings, we seek to provide a basis for leading public health organizations. We encouraged contributions that assess the effectiveness of public health leaders, as well as critical discussions of methods for improving the leadership of public health organizations at all levels. Both ongoing and completed original research was welcome, as well as methods, hypothesis and theory, and opinion papers. The effective practice of public health leadership is a key concept for public health practitioners to clearly understand as the 21st century unfolds. Following the significant lapses of leadership in the for-profit world, leaders in governmental and not-for-profit agencies are required to learn by their failed examples. A major task facing all current and prospective public health practitioners is developing the required leadership skills in order to be effective twenty first century leaders. As a consequence of the rapidly evolving health of the public, as well as the development of the discipline and practice of public health, understanding the principles and attributes of leadership are now required of all public health practitioners. Leadership can be described in a variety of ways. Leadership in public health requires skillful individuals meeting the health challenges of communities and the population as a whole. Leadership may be defined as a process that occurs whenever an individual intentionally attempts to influence another individual or group, regardless of the reason, in an effort to achieve a common goal which may or may not contribute to the success of the organization. Thus leadership is a process involving two or more people. The nature of leadership is an important aspect of the concept as a whole. Submissions relating public health leadership to the management of public health organizations were welcomed. This Research Topic provided the opportunity for authors to consider the concept of leadership from a variety of approaches. Original research papers considering a variety of leadership theories provide methodological approaches to the topic. Hypothesis and theory papers provide the basis for application of leadership to public health practice. Opinion papers provide the opportunity to develop thinking concerning practice of public health leadership.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RA1-1270 ; Leadership ; Leading People ; public health accreditation ; Conditions of Trust ; Managing Organizations ; openness to change ; situational leadership ; Full Range Leadership ; Management ; leadership ethics ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Natural Killer (NK) cells were discovered ca 1975, as the first group of lymphoid cells that were neither T cells nor B cells. Since then, the dissection of the biology of NK cells has been growing exponentially with many seminal discoveries from the identification of MHC class I-specific inhibitory receptors to the discovery of receptor-ligand pairs involved in NK cell activation and to the manipulation of NK cells in cancer. In this research topic, we asked a group of thought leaders in NK cell biology to review recent advances in their origins and biology, and their roles in cancer, infection and inflammation. Together, these 25 articles provide a timely survey of NK cells as critical immunologic components of health and disease. They will hopefully prompt further dialogue and developments in basic and translational immunology.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RC581-607 ; ILCs ; inflammation ; NK cell subsets ; immunotherapy ; anti-viral responses ; anti-tumor responses ; immune checkpoints ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Livestock species are either herbivores or omnivores that are maintained largely on plant-based diets. We have long appreciated the importance of understanding dietary plants from both nutritional and agronomic perspectives. However, it is increasingly clear that the fungi, bacteria and other microorganisms that live in the plants and animals are also significant factors in the ecology of agricultural animals. Many of the effects exerted on animals by dietary plants are attributable to secondary metabolites produced by the plants themselves or commensal microorganisms. Some fungal and plant secondary metabolites have multiple biological effects. We must be careful not to categorize a plant as strictly beneficial or harmful. Furthermore, we must be careful not to categorize even a particular plant or fungal compound as strictly beneficial or harmful. Rather, the harm or benefit of secondary metabolites are often dependent on the metabolic status of the animal, the interaction with other dietary factors including other secondary metabolites, and the dose received through the diet. This collection examines a range of agriculturally important plant and fungal products including essential oils, alkaloids, isoflavones and nitrates.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; SF600-1100 ; TX341-641 ; agriculture ; natural products ; plant toxins ; animal nutrition ; plant secondary metabolites ; ergotism ; essential oils ; food ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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