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  • Molecular Diversity Preservation International  (4)
  • Springer  (2)
  • 2020-2022  (6)
  • 1975-1979
  • 2021  (6)
  • 1
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    100% Renewable Energy for Austria’s Industry: Scenarios, Energy Carriers and Infrastructure Requirements (2021)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-18
    Description: The need for decarbonization raises several questions. How can renewable energy supply for the industrial sector be realized in the long term? Furthermore, how must the existing energy system be transformed to achieve the ambitious climate targets in place? In Austria, the share of renewable energy supplying industrial energy demand currently accounts for only 45% of final energy consumption. This clearly shows that a conversion of industrial energy systems is necessary. Different ambitious perspectives for a renewable energy supply for the Austrian industrial sector are calculated for three defined scenarios (base, efficiency, transition) in this paper. In addition, corresponding requirements for the energy infrastructures are discussed. The scenario results show a range of industrial final energy consumption from 78 TWh (efficiency) to 105 TWh (transition) through decarbonizing the industrial energy supply (cf. 87 TWh in 2019). Decarbonization requires an increasing shift towards electrical energy, especially in the transition scenario, whereas in the base and efficiency scenarios, biogenic fuels play an important role. Comprehensive decarbonization and the associated substitution of energy carriers in industry pose significant challenges for the existing energy infrastructure, its expansion, and optimization.
    Electronic ISSN: 2076-3417
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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  • 2
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    Aeroacoustic noise reduction by application of end plates on wall-mounted finite airfoils (2021)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2021-04-24
    Description: Abstract One known method to reduce vortex shedding from the tip of a blade is the use of end plates or winglets. Although the aerodynamic impact of such end plates has been investigated in the past, no studies exist on the effect of such end plates on the far-field noise. The aeroacoustic noise reduction of three different end-plate geometries is experimentally investigated. The end plates are applied to the free end of a wall-mounted symmetric NACA 0012 airfoil and a cambered NACA 4412 airfoil with an aspect ratio of 2 and natural boundary layer transition. Microphone array measurements are taken in the aeroacoustic open-jet wind tunnel at BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg for chord-based Reynolds numbers between 75,000 and 225,000 and angles of attack from 0$$^circ$$ ∘ to 30$$^circ$$ ∘ . The obtained acoustic spectra show a broad frequency hump for the airfoil base configurations at higher angles of attack that is attributed to tip noise. Hot-wire measurements taken for one configuration show that the application of an end plate diffuses the vorticity at the tip. The aeroacoustic noise contribution of the tip can be reduced when the endplates are applied. This reduction is most effective for higher angles of attack, when the tip vortex is the dominant sound source. Graphic abstract
    Print ISSN: 0723-4864
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1114
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Springer
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  • 3
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    Effects of a Prenatal Lifestyle Intervention in Routine Care on Maternal Health Behaviour in the First Year Postpartum—Secondary Findings of the Cluster-Randomised GeliS Trial (2021)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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    Publication Date: 2021-04-15
    Description: Lifestyle interventions during pregnancy were shown to beneficially influence maternal dietary behaviour and physical activity, but their effect on health behaviour after delivery is unclear. The objective of this secondary analysis was to investigate the sustained effect of a lifestyle intervention in routine care on maternal health behaviour during the first year postpartum. The cluster-randomised controlled “Healthy living in pregnancy” (GeliS) study included 2286 pregnant women. Data on maternal health behaviour were collected at 6–8 weeks (T1pp) and one year postpartum (T2pp) using validated questionnaires. The intervention group showed a lower mean intake of fast food (T1pp: p = 0.016; T2pp: p 〈 0.001) and soft drinks (T1pp: p 〈 0.001), a higher mean intake of vegetables (T2pp: p = 0.015) and was more likely to use healthy oils for meal preparation than the control group. Dietary quality rated by a healthy eating index was higher in the intervention group (T1pp: p = 0.093; T2pp: p = 0.043). There were minor trends towards an intervention effect on physical activity behaviour. The proportion of smokers was lower in the intervention group (p 〈 0.001, both time points). The lifestyle intervention within routine care modestly improved maternal postpartum dietary and smoking behaviours.
    Electronic ISSN: 2072-6643
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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  • 4
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    Absence of Objective Differences between Self-Identified Addicted and Healthy Smartphone Users? (2021)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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    Publication Date: 2021-04-01
    Description: Smartphones are used by billions of people worldwide. However, some psychologists have argued that use of this technology is addictive, even though little research utilises objective smartphone usage records to verify this claim. We conducted an exploratory study to identify whether behavioural differences exist between those who self-identify as addicted smartphone users and those who do not. We gathered retrospective smartphone usage data from 131 Android users and asked them about their past use to compare their perception of their usage against their actual usage. We could not identify any reliable differences between the smartphone activity of those self-identified as addicted smartphone users and other users. Furthermore, smartphone scales are generally good at identifying who believes themselves to be addicted, although they do not reflect objective smartphone use. This study questions the use of self-report measures to diagnosis behavioural addictions without relevant psychopathological constructs and emphasises the need for more rigorous study to conceptualise smartphone addiction.
    Print ISSN: 1661-7827
    Electronic ISSN: 1660-4601
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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  • 5
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    An Algorithm to Minimize Energy Consumption and Elapsed Time for IoT Workloads in a Hybrid Architecture (2021)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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    Publication Date: 2021-04-21
    Description: Advances in communication technologies have made the interaction of small devices, such as smartphones, wearables, and sensors, scattered on the Internet, bringing a whole new set of complex applications with ever greater task processing needs. These Internet of things (IoT) devices run on batteries with strict energy restrictions. They tend to offload task processing to remote servers, usually to cloud computing (CC) in datacenters geographically located away from the IoT device. In such a context, this work proposes a dynamic cost model to minimize energy consumption and task processing time for IoT scenarios in mobile edge computing environments. Our approach allows for a detailed cost model, with an algorithm called TEMS that considers energy, time consumed during processing, the cost of data transmission, and energy in idle devices. The task scheduling chooses among cloud or mobile edge computing (MEC) server or local IoT devices to achieve better execution time with lower cost. The simulated environment evaluation saved up to 51.6% energy consumption and improved task completion time up to 86.6%.
    Electronic ISSN: 1424-8220
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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  • 6
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    Carbon isotope ratios of endogenous steroids found in human serum—method development, validation, and reference population-derived thresholds (2021)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-18
    Description: In order to detect the misuse of testosterone (T), urinary steroid concentrations and concentration ratios are quantified and monitored in a longitudinal manner to enable the identification of samples exhibiting atypical test results. These suspicious samples are then forwarded to isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS)–based methods for confirmation. Especially concentration ratios like T over epitestosterone (E) or 5α-androstanediol over E proved to be valuable markers. Unfortunately, depending on the UGT2B17 genotype and/or the gender of the athlete, these markers may fail to provide evidence for T administrations when focusing exclusively on urine samples. In recent years, the potential of plasma steroids has been investigated and were found to be suitable to detect T administrations especially in female volunteers. A current drawback of this approach is the missing possibility to confirm that elevated steroid concentrations are solely derived from an administration of T and cannot be attributed to confounding factors. Therefore, an IRMS method for plasma steroids was developed and validated taking into account the comparably limited sample volume. As endogenous reference compounds, unconjugated cholesterol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate were found suitable, while androsterone and epiandrosterone (both sulfo-conjugated) were chosen as target analytes. The developed method is based on multi-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to IRMS in order to optimize the overall assay sensitivity. The approach was validated, and a reference population encompassing n = 65 males and females was investigated to calculate population-based thresholds. As proof-of-concept, samples from volunteers receiving T replacement therapies and excretion study samples were investigated. Graphical abstract
    Print ISSN: 1618-2642
    Electronic ISSN: 1618-2650
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Springer
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