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  • 2015-2019  (6)
  • 2016  (6)
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  • 2015-2019  (6)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2016-01-21
    Description: Single-span membrane proteins (ssMPs) represent approximately one-half of all membrane proteins and play important roles in cellular communications. However, like all membrane proteins, ssMPs are prone to misfolding and aggregation because of the hydrophobicity of transmembrane helices, making them difficult to study using common aqueous solution-based approaches. Detergents and membrane...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2016-05-06
    Description: RNA polymerase II (pol II) utilizes a complex interaction network to select and incorporate correct nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) substrates with high efficiency and fidelity. Our previous ‘synthetic nucleic acid substitution’ strategy has been successfully applied in dissecting the function of nucleic acid moieties in pol II transcription. However, how the triphosphate moiety of substrate influences the rate of P-O bond cleavage and formation during nucleotide incorporation is still unclear. Here, by employing β, -bridging atom-‘substituted’ NTPs, we elucidate how the methylene substitution in the pyrophosphate leaving group affects cognate and non-cognate nucleotide incorporation. Intriguingly, the effect of the β, -methylene substitution on the non-cognate UTP/dT scaffold (~3-fold decrease in k pol ) is significantly different from that of the cognate ATP/dT scaffold (~130-fold decrease in k pol ). Removal of the wobble hydrogen bonds in U:dT recovers a strong response to methylene substitution of UTP. Our kinetic and modeling studies are consistent with a unique altered transition state for bond formation and cleavage for UTP/dT incorporation compared with ATP/dT incorporation. Collectively, our data reveals the functional interplay between NTP triphosphate moiety and base pair hydrogen bonding recognition during nucleotide incorporation.
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2016-04-07
    Description: In recent years, surface-wave dispersion has been used to image lithospheric structure jointly with receiver function or Rayleigh-wave ellipticity. Because surface-wave dispersion is the total propagation effect of the travel path, the joint inversion relies on dense seismic arrays or high seismicity to obtain local velocity structure. However, both receiver function and Rayleigh-wave ellipticity are single-station measurements with localized sensitivities and could be combined for joint inversion naturally. In this article, we explored the feasibility of the joint inversion of Rayleigh-wave ellipticity and receiver function. We performed sensitivity tests with forward modeling and found that the receiver function is sensitive to sharp velocity interfaces but shows weak sensitivity to long-wavelength structure, almost complementary to Rayleigh-wave ellipticity. Therefore, joint inversion with two single-station measurements provides tighter constraints on the velocity structure beneath the seismic station. A joint inversion algorithm based on the fast simulated-annealing method is developed to invert Rayleigh-wave ellipticity and receiver function for the lithospheric structure. Application of the algorithm to the Indian craton and the Williston basin in the United States demonstrates its effectiveness in reducing the nonuniqueness of the inversion. However, the joint inversion may fail to resolve the average crustal velocity, suggesting the need to combine surface-wave dispersion (or other type of observations), receiver function, and Rayleigh-wave ellipticity to more accurately resolve the velocity structure.
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2016-01-07
    Description: BindingDB, www.bindingdb.org , is a publicly accessible database of experimental protein-small molecule interaction data. Its collection of over a million data entries derives primarily from scientific articles and, increasingly, US patents. BindingDB provides many ways to browse and search for data of interest, including an advanced search tool, which can cross searches of multiple query types, including text, chemical structure, protein sequence and numerical affinities. The PDB and PubMed provide links to data in BindingDB, and vice versa; and BindingDB provides links to pathway information, the ZINC catalog of available compounds, and other resources. The BindingDB website offers specialized tools that take advantage of its large data collection, including ones to generate hypotheses for the protein targets bound by a bioactive compound, and for the compounds bound by a new protein of known sequence; and virtual compound screening by maximal chemical similarity, binary kernel discrimination, and support vector machine methods. Specialized data sets are also available, such as binding data for hundreds of congeneric series of ligands, drawn from BindingDB and organized for use in validating drug design methods. BindingDB offers several forms of programmatic access, and comes with extensive background material and documentation. Here, we provide the first update of BindingDB since 2007, focusing on new and unique features and highlighting directions of importance to the field as a whole.
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2016-04-15
    Description: In recent years, surface-wave dispersion has been used to image lithospheric structure jointly with receiver function or Rayleigh-wave ellipticity. Because surface-wave dispersion is the total propagation effect of the travel path, the joint inversion relies on dense seismic arrays or high seismicity to obtain local velocity structure. However, both receiver function and Rayleigh-wave ellipticity are single-station measurements with localized sensitivities and could be combined for joint inversion naturally. In this article, we explored the feasibility of the joint inversion of Rayleigh-wave ellipticity and receiver function. We performed sensitivity tests with forward modeling and found that the receiver function is sensitive to sharp velocity interfaces but shows weak sensitivity to long-wavelength structure, almost complementary to Rayleigh-wave ellipticity. Therefore, joint inversion with two single-station measurements provides tighter constraints on the velocity structure beneath the seismic station. A joint inversion algorithm based on the fast simulated-annealing method is developed to invert Rayleigh-wave ellipticity and receiver function for the lithospheric structure. Application of the algorithm to the Indian craton and the Williston basin in the United States demonstrates its effectiveness in reducing the nonuniqueness of the inversion. However, the joint inversion may fail to resolve the average crustal velocity, suggesting the need to combine surface-wave dispersion (or other type of observations), receiver function, and Rayleigh-wave ellipticity to more accurately resolve the velocity structure.
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2016-11-02
    Description: RNA polymerase II (pol II) encounters numerous barriers during transcription elongation, including DNA strand breaks, DNA lesions, and nucleosomes. Pyrrole-imidazole (Py-Im) polyamides bind to the minor groove of DNA with programmable sequence specificity and high affinity. Previous studies suggest that Py-Im polyamides can prevent transcription factor binding, as well as...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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