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  • 1
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    Simulation of a Vibrant Membrane Using a 2-Dimensional Cellular Automaton (2015)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-19
    Description: This paper proposes a 2-dimensional cellular automaton (CA) model and how to derive the model evolution rule to simulate a two-dimensional vibrant membrane. The resulting model is compared with the analytical solution of a two-dimensional hyperbolic partial differential equation (PDE), linear and homogeneous. This models a vibrant membrane with specific conditions, initial and boundary. The frequency spectrum is analysed as well as the error between the data produced by the CA model. Then it is compared to the data provided by the solution evaluation to the differential equation. This shows how the CA obtains a behavior similar to the PDE. Moreover, it is possible to simulate nonclassical initial conditions for which there is no exact solution using PDE. Very interesting information could be obtained from the CA model such as the fundamental frequency.
    Print ISSN: 1026-0226
    Electronic ISSN: 1607-887X
    Topics: Mathematics
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 2
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    Determination of Lipoxygenase Activity in Cereals Grains Using a Silver Nanoparticles Assay (2015)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-09
    Description: A spectrophotometric method based on the use of silver nanoparticles is presented for the determination of lipoxygenase activity in cereal grains. The method involves the synthesis of prism silver nanoparticles with a maximum absorption at 752 nm, followed by the abatement of the signal as a consequence of the oxidation produced by hydroperoxides generated in the enzymatic reaction. The quantification of the hydroperoxides produced by reaction of lipoxygenase with linoleic acid allows the determination of the enzyme activity in cereal grains. Under optimal conditions, the linear range of the calibration curve ranges from 1.0 to 5.0 μM, with a limit of detection of 0.34 μM. The method was validated comparing the results with those obtained by ferrous-xylenol orange method. A relative standard deviation 〈 5.0% was obtained in all cases and no significant differences were observed ().
    Print ISSN: 2090-9063
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 3
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    Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Psychoeducational Intervention in Treatment-Naïve Patients with Antidepressant Medication in Primary Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2015)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-26
    Description: Background. There is evidence supporting the effectiveness of psychoeducation (PE) in patients with symptoms of depression in primary care (PC), but very few studies have assessed this intervention in antidepressant-naïve patients. The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of a PE program in these patients, since the use of antidepressant (AD) medication may interfere with the effects of the intervention. Methods. 106 participants were included, 50 from the PE program (12 weekly 1.5-hour sessions) and 56 from the control group (CG) that received the usual care. Patients were assessed at baseline and at 3, 6, and 9 months. The main outcome measures were the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and remission based on the BDI. The analysis was carried out on an intention-to-treat basis. Results. The PE program group showed remission of symptoms of 40% () posttreatment and 42% () at 6 months. The analysis only showed significant differences in the BDI score posttreatment (; effect size Cohen’s ). Conclusions. The PE intervention is an effective treatment in the depressive population not treated with AD medication. Before taking an AD, psychoeducational intervention should be considered.
    Electronic ISSN: 1537-744X
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 4
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    Large-Scale Mobile Sensing Enabled Internet-of-Things Testbed for Smart City Services (2015)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-21
    Description: Smart cities are one of the key application domains for the Internet-of-Things paradigm. Extending the Web into the physical realm of a city, by means of the widespread deployment of spatially distributed Internet-addressable devices with sensing and/or actuation capabilities, allows improving efficiency of city services. Vehicles moving around the city become excellent probes when the objective is to gather information across the city in a cost effective manner. Public transportation fleets, taxis, or vehicles such as waste collection trucks cover most of the urban areas with a limited number of vehicles. This paper presents the deployment of a large scale Internet-of-Things testbed that has been carried out in the city of Santander. It extends previous descriptions by providing a specification of one of the unique features of the testbed, namely, the devices that have been installed on 140 buses, taxis, and vans that every day drive around the city. Besides the physical characteristics of the devices installed and the lessons learnt during the deployment, the paper introduces the three mobile sensing network strategies used for distributing the data gathered. Finally, the paper sketches some of smart city services which might be provided using the information coming from the mobile IoT devices.
    Print ISSN: 1550-1329
    Electronic ISSN: 1550-1477
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 5
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    The Strategic Role of Nonbinding Communication (2015)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-02
    Description: This paper studies the conditions that improve bargaining power using threats and promises. We develop a model of strategic communication, based on the conflict game with perfect information, in which a noisy commitment message is sent by a better-informed sender to a receiver who takes an action that determines the welfare of both. Our model captures different levels of aligned-preferences, for which classical games such as stag hunt, hawk-dove, and prisoner’s dilemma are particular cases. We characterise the Bayesian perfect equilibrium with nonbinding messages under truth-telling beliefs and sender’s bargaining power assumptions. Through our equilibrium selection we show that the less conflict the game has, the more informative the equilibrium signal is and less credibility is necessary to implement it.
    Print ISSN: 1110-757X
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-0042
    Topics: Mathematics
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 6
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    Comparison of Stationary and Dynamic Conceptual Models in a Mountainous and Data-Sparse Catchment in the South-Central Chilean Andes (2015)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-03
    Description: In recent years, it has been documented that climatic variability influences hydrological processes; however, these influences, such as hydrologic dynamics, have not yet been incorporated into models, which have been assumed as stationary with regard to climatic conditions. In this study, the temporal variability of hydrological processes and their influence on the water balance of a mountainous and data-sparse catchment in Chile are observed and modeled through the comparison of a stationary (time-invariant parameters) and dynamic (time-variant parameters) model. Since conceptual models are the most adequate option for a data-scarce basin, a conceptual model integrated with the Monte Carlo Analysis Toolbox is used to perform the analyses. Simple analyses aimed at increasing the amount of information obtained from models were used. The General and Dynamic Identifiability Analyses were used to perform stationary and dynamic calibration strategies, respectively. As a result we concluded that the dynamic model is more robust than the stationary one. Additionally, DYNIA helped us to observe the temporal variability of hydrological processes. This analysis contributed to a better understanding of hydrological processes in a data-sparse Andean catchment and thus could potentially help reduce uncertainties in the outputs of hydrological models under scenarios of climate change and/or variability.
    Print ISSN: 1687-9309
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-9317
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 7
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    Characterization of Calcium Compounds in Opuntia ficus indica as a Source of Calcium for Human Diet (2015)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-30
    Description: Analyses of calcium compounds in cladodes, soluble dietary fiber (SDF), and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) of Opuntia ficus indica are reported. The characterization of calcium compounds was performed by using Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive Spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and titrimetric methods were used for quantification of total calcium and calcium compounds. Whewellite (CaC2O4·H2O), weddellite (CaC2O4·(H2O)2.375), and calcite (CaCO3) were identified in all samples. Significant differences () in the total calcium contents were detected between samples. CaC2O4·H2O content in cladodes and IDF was significantly higher () in comparison to that observed in SDF, whereas minimum concentration of CaCO3 was detected in IDF with regard to CaCO3 contents observed in cladodes and SDF. Additionally, molar ratio oxalate : Ca2+ in all samples changed in a range from 0.03 to 0.23. These results support that calcium bioavailability in O. ficus indica modifies according to calcium compounds distribution.
    Print ISSN: 2090-9063
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 8
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    Stochastic DES Fault Diagnosis with Coloured Interpreted Petri Nets (2015)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-18
    Description: This proposal presents an online method to detect and isolate faults in stochastic discrete event systems without previous model. A coloured timed interpreted Petri Net generates the normal behavior language after an identification stage. The next step is fault detection that is carried out by comparing the observed event sequences with the expected event sequences. Once a new fault is detected, a learning algorithm changes the structure of the diagnoser, so it is able to learn new fault languages. Moreover, the diagnoser includes timed events to represent and diagnose stochastic languages. Finally, this paper proposes a detectability condition for stochastic DES and the sufficient and necessary conditions are proved.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
    Electronic ISSN: 1563-5147
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 9
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    Comparison of Stationary and Dynamic Conceptual Models in a Mountainous and Data-Sparse Catchment in the South-Central Chilean Andes (2015)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-01
    Description: In recent years, it has been documented that climatic variability influences hydrological processes; however, these influences, such as hydrologic dynamics, have not yet been incorporated into models, which have been assumed as stationary with regard to climatic conditions. In this study, the temporal variability of hydrological processes and their influence on the water balance of a mountainous and data-sparse catchment in Chile are observed and modeled through the comparison of a stationary (time-invariant parameters) and dynamic (time-variant parameters) model. Since conceptual models are the most adequate option for a data-scarce basin, a conceptual model integrated with the Monte Carlo Analysis Toolbox is used to perform the analyses. Simple analyses aimed at increasing the amount of information obtained from models were used. The General and Dynamic Identifiability Analyses were used to perform stationary and dynamic calibration strategies, respectively. As a result we concluded that the dynamic model is more robust than the stationary one. Additionally, DYNIA helped us to observe the temporal variability of hydrological processes. This analysis contributed to a better understanding of hydrological processes in a data-sparse Andean catchment and thus could potentially help reduce uncertainties in the outputs of hydrological models under scenarios of climate change and/or variability.
    Print ISSN: 1687-9309
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-9317
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 10
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    Stochastic DES Fault Diagnosis with Coloured Interpreted Petri Nets (2015)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-01
    Description: This proposal presents an online method to detect and isolate faults in stochastic discrete event systems without previous model. A coloured timed interpreted Petri Net generates the normal behavior language after an identification stage. The next step is fault detection that is carried out by comparing the observed event sequences with the expected event sequences. Once a new fault is detected, a learning algorithm changes the structure of the diagnoser, so it is able to learn new fault languages. Moreover, the diagnoser includes timed events to represent and diagnose stochastic languages. Finally, this paper proposes a detectability condition for stochastic DES and the sufficient and necessary conditions are proved.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
    Electronic ISSN: 1563-5147
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Published by Hindawi
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