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  • Elsevier  (178)
  • Wiley  (86)
  • Molecular Diversity Preservation International
  • 2020-2022
  • 2015-2019  (281)
  • 2015  (281)
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  • 2020-2022
  • 2015-2019  (281)
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  • 1
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    Platelet membrane variations and their effects on δ-granule secretion kinetics and aggregation spreading among different species (2015)
    Elsevier
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0005-2736
    Digitale ISSN: 1879-2642
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Physik
    Publiziert von Elsevier
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  • 2
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    Improved Empirical Representation of Plant Responses to Waterlogging for Simulating Crop Yield (2015)
    Wiley
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0002-1962
    Digitale ISSN: 1435-0645
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Publiziert von Wiley
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  • 3
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    Genetic and environmental effects on the morphological asymmetry in the scale-eating cichlid fish, Perissodus microlepis (2015)
    Wiley
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-09-11
    Beschreibung: The scale-eating cichlid fish, Perissodus microlepis , from Lake Tanganyika are a well-known example of an asymmetry dimorphism because the mouth/head is either left-bending or right-bending. However, how strongly its pronounced morphological laterality is affected by genetic and environmental factors remains unclear. Using quantitative assessments of mouth asymmetry, we investigated its origin by estimating narrow-sense heritability ( h 2 ) using midparent–offspring regression. The heritability estimates [field estimate: h 2  = 0.22 ± 0.06, P  =   0.013; laboratory estimate: h 2  = 0.18 ± 0.05, P  =   0.004] suggest that although variation in laterality has some additive genetic component, it is strongly environmentally influenced. Family-level association analyses of a putative microsatellite marker that was claimed to be linked to gene(s) for laterality revealed no association of this locus with laterality. Moreover, the observed phenotype frequencies in offspring from parents of different phenotype combinations were not consistent with a previously suggested single-locus two-allele model, but they neither were able to reject with confidence a random asymmetry model. These results reconcile the disputed mechanisms for this textbook case of mouth asymmetry where both genetic and environmental factors contribute to this remarkable case of morphological asymmetry. Using quantitative assessments of mouth asymmetry of scale-eating cichlid fish Perissodus microlepis, we investigated its origin by estimating narrow-sense heritability ( h 2 ) using midparent-offspring regression. The heritability estimates [field-estimate: h 2  = 0.22 ± 0.06, P  = 0.013; laboratory-estimate: h 2  = 0.18 ± 0.05, P  = 0.004] suggest that although variation in laterality has some additive genetic component, it is strongly environmentally influenced. These results reconcile the disputed mechanisms for this textbook case of mouth asymmetry where both genetic and environmental factors contribute to this remarkable case of morphological asymmetry.
    Digitale ISSN: 2045-7758
    Thema: Biologie
    Publiziert von Wiley
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  • 4
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    Carbon Centered Trigonal Prismatic Tungsten Clusters [W6CCl18]n– (n = 1, 2) containing Copper(I) and Copper(II) (2015)
    Wiley
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-09-17
    Beschreibung: The solid state reaction of WCl 6 with copper powder and a reactive source of carbon leads to a new trigonal prismatic carbon-centered tungsten cluster containing copper ions. Cu[W 6 CCl 18 ] dissolves in organic solvents (dimethylsulfoxide, acetone), resulting in two air stable products Cu(C 2 H 6 OS) 6 [W 6 CCl 18 ] and Cu(C 2 H 6 OS) 4 [W 6 CCl 18 ] 2 . Both of them contain carbon-centered trigonal prismatic tungsten clusters [W 6 CCl 18 ] n – ( n = 1, 2) and Jahn-Teller distorted octahedral copper(II) ions. Crystal structures of all compounds were investigated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The presence of carbon as an interstitial atom in the cluster is confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
    Print ISSN: 0044-2313
    Digitale ISSN: 1521-3749
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Publiziert von Wiley
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  • 5
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    Simultaneously inferring above-cloud absorbing aerosol optical thickness and underlying liquid phase cloud optical and microphysical properties using MODIS (2015)
    Wiley
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-05-09
    Beschreibung: The regional haze over the southeast (SE) Atlantic Ocean induced by biomass burning in southern Africa can be problematic for passive imager-based retrievals of the underlying quasi-permanent marine boundary layer (MBL) clouds and for estimates of top-of-atmosphere (TOA) aerosol direct radiative effect (DRE). Here, an algorithm is introduced to simultaneously retrieve above-cloud aerosol optical thickness (AOT) and the cloud optical thickness (COT) and effective particle radius (CER) of the underlying MBL clouds while also providing pixel-level estimates of retrieval uncertainty. This approach utilizes reflectance measurements at six MODIS channels from the visible to the shortwave infrared. Retrievals are run under two aerosol model assumptions on eight years (2006–2013) of June-October Aqua MODIS data over the SE Atlantic, from which a regional cloud and above-cloud aerosol climatology is produced. The cloud retrieval methodology is shown to yield COT and CER consistent with those from the MODIS operational cloud product (MOD06) when forcing AOT to zero, while the full COT-CER-AOT retrievals that account for the above-cloud aerosol attenuation increase regional monthly mean COT and CER by up to 9% and 2%, respectively. Retrieved AOT is roughly 3 to 5 times larger than the collocated 532nm CALIOP retrievals, though closer agreement is observed with the CALIOP 1064nm retrievals, a result consistent with previous case study analyses. Regional cloudy sky above-cloud aerosol DRE calculations are also performed that illustrate the importance of the aerosol model assumption and underlying cloud retrievals.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Publiziert von Wiley im Namen von American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 6
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    Validation of modeled daily erythemal exposure along tropical and subtropical shipping routes by ship-based and satellite-based measurements (2015)
    Wiley
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-04-09
    Beschreibung: The P ersonal ER ythemal EX posure (PEREX) model for seafarers working on decks of vessels has been developed to be used for retrospective estimates of personal occupational erythemal exposure in dependence of work-profile, time period and sea route. Extremely high UV index values up to 22 and daily erythemal exposure up to 89 SED (Standard Erythemal Dose) have been derived from ship-based measurements in tropical oceans. Worldwide climatological maps of daily solar erythemal exposure derived from 10-year (2004 – 2013) hourly grid-point radiative transfer model calculations for both cloudless sky and cloudy sky serve as the data base of PEREX. The PEREX data base is compared with ship-based measurements taken along 4 routes of merchant vessels, continuous UV radiation measurements taken on the Research Vessel METEOR on its mainly tropical and subtropical routes for two years, daily cloudless-sky erythemal exposure derived from 10-minute LibRadtran radiative transfer model calculations, and two years of satellite-based erythemal exposure data of the Ozone Monitoring Instrument on the Aura satellite along the ship routes. Systematic differences between PEREX model data, ship-based data and satellite-based daily erythemal exposure for all-sky conditions are only 1 to 3%, while short-term variations of cloudiness results in standard deviations of differences around 30%. Measured ratios between cloudless-sky erythemal radiation at vertical to horizontal incidence decrease with decreasing solar zenith angle, while clouds flatten their diurnal course.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Publiziert von Wiley im Namen von American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 7
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    Frequency and causes of failed MODIS cloud property retrievals for liquid phase clouds over global oceans (2015)
    Wiley
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-04-10
    Beschreibung: MODIS retrieves cloud droplet effective radius ( r e ) and optical thickness ( τ ) by projecting observed cloud reflectances onto a pre-computed look-up-table (LUT). When observations fall outside of the LUT, the retrieval is considered “ failed ” because no combination of τ and r e within the LUT can explain the observed cloud reflectances. In this study, the frequency and potential causes of failed MODIS retrievals for marine liquid phase (MLP) clouds are analyzed based on one year of Aqua MODIS Collection 6 products and collocated CALIOP and CloudSat observations. The retrieval based on the 0.86μm and 2.1μm MODIS channel combination has an overall failure rate of about 16% (10% for the 0.86μm and 3.7μm combination). The failure rates are lower over stratocumulus regimes and higher over the broken trade-wind cumulus regimes. The leading type of failure is the “ r e too large” failure accounting for 60%~85% of all failed retrievals. The rest is mostly due to the “ r e too small” or τ retrieval failures. Enhanced retrieval failure rates are found when MLP cloud pixels are partially cloudy or have high sub-pixel inhomogeneity, are located at special sun-satellite viewing geometries such as sunglint, large viewing or solar zenith angles, or cloudbow and glory angles, or are subject to cloud masking, cloud overlapping and/or cloud phase retrieval issues. The majority (more than 84%) of failed retrievals along the CALIPSO track can be attributed to at least one or more of these potential reasons. The collocated CloudSat radar reflectivity observations reveal that the remaining failed retrievals are often precipitating. It remains an open question whether the extremely large r e values observed in these clouds are the consequence of true cloud microphysics or still due to artifacts not included in this study.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Publiziert von Wiley im Namen von American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 8
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    Quasi-thermal noise measurements on STEREO; kinetic temperature deduction using electron shot noise model (2015)
    Wiley
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-12-13
    Beschreibung: Quasi-thermal noise (QTN) spectroscopy is an accurate technique for in situ measurements of electron density and temperature in space plasmas. A QTN spectrum is determined by plasma and antenna properties. On STEREO/WAVES, since the antennas are relatively short and thick, the QTN spectrum is dominated by electron shot noise, especially at low frequencies, which reduces the accuracy of the method. Here, we use the STEREO Low Frequency Receiver (LFR), proton density measured by PLASTIC instrument and a QTN and shot noise models to provide electron temperature data from both STEREO A and B spacecraft. This derivation is important since no reliable measurements of electron temperature exist on-board these spacecraft. We compare the results of our analysis with the electron temperature provided by the WIND spacecraft during the period when WIND and STEREO B were close to each other. The comparison shows that our technique is reliable when results are integrated on a timescale of the order of 50 to 60 minutes.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Publiziert von Wiley im Namen von American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 9
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    Deglacial subarctic Pacific surface water hydrography and nutrient dynamics and links to North Atlantic climate variability and atmospheric CO2 (2015)
    Wiley
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-06-26
    Beschreibung: The glacial-to-Holocene evolution of subarctic Pacific surface water stratification and silicic acid (Si) dynamics is investigated based on new combined diatom oxygen (δ 18 O diat ) and silicon (δ 30 Si diat ) isotope records, along with new biogenic opal, subsurface foraminiferal δ 18 O, alkenone-based sea surface temperature, sea-ice, diatom and core logging data from the NE Pacific. Our results suggest that δ 18 O diat values are primarily influenced by changes in freshwater discharge from the Cordilleran Ice Sheet (CIS), while corresponding δ 30 Si diat are primarily influenced by changes in Si supply to surface waters. Our data indicate enhanced glacial to mid-HS1 NE Pacific surface water stratification, generally limiting the Si supply to surface waters. However, we suggest that an increase in Si supply during early HS1, when surface waters were still stratified, is linked to increased North Pacific Intermediate Water formation. The coincidence between fresh surface waters during HS1 and enhanced ice-rafted debris sedimentation in the North Atlantic indicates a close link between CIS and Laurentide Ice Sheet dynamics and a dominant atmospheric control on CIS deglaciation. The Bølling/Allerød (B/A) is characterized by destratification in the subarctic Pacific and an increased supply of saline, Si-rich waters to surface waters. This change towards increased convection occurred prior to the Bølling warming and is likely triggered by a switch to sea-ice-free conditions during late HS1. Our results furthermore indicate a decreased efficiency of the biological pump during late HS1 and the B/A (possibly also the Younger Dryas), suggesting that the subarctic Pacific has then been a source region of atmospheric CO 2 .
    Print ISSN: 0883-8305
    Digitale ISSN: 1944-9186
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Publiziert von Wiley im Namen von American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 10
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    Alkalinity regulation in calcium carbonate-buffered lakes (2015)
    Wiley
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-10-20
    Beschreibung: Biogenic calcite precipitation is the removal of calcite (CaCO 3 ) from the epilimnion to the sediments of hard-water lakes during summer stratification, caused by increased pH during algal blooms and by nucleation of calcite crystals on surfaces of micro-algae. Although this phenomenon has been studied for decades, details of the underlying mechanisms are still debated. Using results of approximately 70,000 alkalinity measurements from 13 hard-water Swiss lakes (each with approximately 30 yr to 50 yr of monitoring), we demonstrate that (i) calcium carbonate-buffered lakes act as alkalinity sinks during summer stratification but act as CO 2 sources during and immediately after spring overturn; (ii) as the alkalinity concentration ([Alk mix ]) and the total phosphorus concentration ([TP mix ]) at spring overturn increase, increasingly more alkalinity is lost from the epilimnion during summer stratification; (iii) [Alk mix ] is determined by the lake's discharge-weighted average inflow concentration ([Alk in ]), flushing rate, mean depth and [TP mix ]; and (iv) [Alk in ] depends on the mineralogy and the land use affecting in-soil nitrification of ammonia and subsequent calcite dissolution in the catchment.
    Print ISSN: 0024-3590
    Digitale ISSN: 1939-5590
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Publiziert von Wiley im Namen von The Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography (ASLO).
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