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  • Wiley  (40)
  • 2010-2014  (40)
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  • 2014  (40)
  • 1
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    The Boso slow slip events in 2007 and 2011 as a driving process for the accompanying earthquake swarm (2014)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-14
    Description: Near the Boso Peninsula, central Japan, slow slip events (SSEs) accompanied by earthquake swarms repeatedly occur every 4 to 7 years. We apply a Network Inversion Filter to tilt change and GNSS displacement data simultaneously in order to obtain the spatiotemporal slip evolution of the Boso Peninsula SSEs in 2007 and 2011. Slip initiates on the eastern offshore area in both of the events and propagates to the northwestward in 2007, whereas the 2011 slip propagates to the west. These slip propagations correlate well both spatially and temporally with the migration of the accompanying seismicity. This indicates that the Boso slow slip is a major driving process for earthquake swarm activities, and that monitoring of interplate slip has the potential to be used in assessing the possibility of an earthquake in near real time.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 2
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    An intercomparison of Arctic ice drift products to deduce uncertainty estimates (2014)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, Wiley, 119(8), pp. 4887-4921, ISSN: 0148-0227
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-24
    Description: An intercomparison of four low-resolution remotely sensed ice-drift products in the Arctic Ocean is presented. The purpose of the study is to examine the uncertainty in space and time of these different drift products. The comparison is based on monthly mean ice drifts from October 2002 to December 2006. The ice drifts were also compared with available buoy data. The result shows that the differences of the drift vectors are not spatially uniform, but are covariant with ice concentration and thickness. In high (low) ice-concentration areas, the differences are small (large), and in thick (thin) ice-thickness areas, the differences are small (large). A comparison with the drift deduced from buoys reveals that the error of the drift speed depends on the magnitude of the drift speed: larger drift speeds have larger errors. Based on the intercomparison of the products and comparison with buoy data, uncertainties of the monthly mean drift are estimated. The estimated uncertainty maps reasonably reflect the difference between the products in relation to ice concentration and the bias from the buoy drift in relation to drift speed. Examinations of distinctive features of Arctic sea ice motion demonstrate that the transpolar drift speed differs among the products by 13% (0.32 cm s−1) on average, and ice drift curl in the Amerasian Basin differs by up to 24% (3.3 × 104 m2 s−1). These uncertainties should be taken into account if these products are used, particularly for model validation and data assimilation within the Arctic.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
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    An Investigation of the Nanomechanical Properties of 0.5Ba(Ti0.8Zr0.2)O3–0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 Thin Films (2014)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-27
    Description: For practical application, the functional piezoelectric film in microelectromechanical systems should meet the requirement of physical properties, as well as the mechanical properties. In this article, 0.5 Ba ( Ti 0.8 Zr 0.2 ) O 3 –0.5( Ba 0.7 Ca 0.3 ) TiO 3 (0.5BZT–0.5BCT) thin films with varied properties were prepared on (100) Si substrates via a sol–gel technique at different annealing temperatures. The effects of the annealing temperature on the morphology, piezoelectricity, hardness, and elastic modulus were studied. Particular attention was paid to the surface frictional behavior of films, and the changes in the friction force can be radically explained in terms of differences in the hardness/elastic modulus ratio and the residual stress of films. And, it reveals that the higher ratio of hardness to elastic modulus and tensile residual stress can contribute to a lower friction force for 0.5BZT–0.5BCT film during sling friction.
    Print ISSN: 0002-7820
    Electronic ISSN: 1551-2916
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 4
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    An important role of endothelial Hairy-related transcription factors in mouse vascular development (2014)
    Wiley
    In: Genesis
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-28
    Description: ABSTRACT The Hairy-related transcription factor family of Notch- and ALK1-downstream transcriptional repressors, called Hrt/Hey/Hesr/Chf/Herp/Gridlock, has complementary and indispensable functions for vascular development. While mouse embryos null for either Hrt1/Hey1 or Hrt2/Hey2 did not show early vascular phenotypes, Hrt1/Hey1; Hrt2/Hey2 double null mice (H1 ko /H2 ko ) showed embryonic lethality with severe impairment of vascular morphogenesis. It remained unclear, however, whether Hrt/Hey functions are required in endothelial cells or vascular smooth muscle cells. In this study, we demonstrate that mice with endothelial-specific deletion of Hrt2/Hey2 combined with global Hrt1/Hey1 deletion (H1 ko /H2 eko ) show abnormal vascular morphogenesis and embryonic lethality. Their defects were characterized by the failure of vascular network formation in the yolk sac, abnormalities of embryonic vascular structures and impaired smooth muscle cell recruitment, and were virtually identical to the H1 ko /H2 ko phenotypes. Among signaling molecules implicated in vascular development, Robo4 expression was significantly increased and activation of Src family kinases was suppressed in endothelial cells of H1 ko /H2 eko embryos. The present study indicates an important role of Hrt1/Hey1 and Hrt2/Hey2 in endothelial cells during early vascular development, and further suggests involvement of Robo4 and Src family kinases in the mechanisms of embryonic vascular defects caused by the Hrt/Hey deficiency. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley
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  • 5
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    An intercomparison of Arctic ice drift products to deduce uncertainty estimates (2014)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-17
    Description: An intercomparison of four low-resolution remotely sensed ice-drift products in the Arctic Ocean is presented. The purpose of the study is to examine the uncertainty in space and time of these different drift products. The comparison is based on monthly mean ice drifts from October 2002 to December 2006. The ice drifts were also compared with available buoy data. The result shows that the differences of the drift vectors are not spatially uniform, but are covariant with ice concentration and thickness. In high (low) ice-concentration areas, the differences are small (large), and in thick (thin) ice-thickness areas, the differences are small (large). A comparison with the drift deduced from buoys reveals that the error of the drift speed depends on the magnitude of the drift speed: larger drift speeds have larger errors. Based on the intercomparison of the products and comparison with buoy data, uncertainties of the monthly mean drift are estimated. The estimated uncertainty maps reasonably reflect the difference between the products in relation to ice concentration and the bias from the buoy drift in relation to drift speed. Examinations of distinctive features of Arctic sea ice motion demonstrate that the transpolar drift speed differs among the products by 13% (0.32 cm s -1 ) on average, and ice drift curl in the Amerasian Basin differs by up to 24% (3.3 x 10 4 m 2 s -1 ). These uncertainties should be taken into account if these products are used, particularly for model validation and data assimilation within the Arctic.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 6
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    Diverse magmatic effects of subducting a hot slab in SW Japan: Results from forward modeling (2014)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-06
    Description: In response to the subduction of the young Shikoku Basin of the Philippine Sea Plate, arc magmas erupted in SW Japan throughout the late Cenozoic. Many magma types are present including ocean island basalt (OIB), shoshonite (SHO), arc-type alkali basalt (AB), typical sub-alkalic arc basalt (SAB), high-Mg andesite (HMA), and adakite (ADK). OIB erupted since the Japan Sea back-arc basin opened, whereas subsequent arc magmas accompanied subduction of the Shikoku Basin. However, there the origin of the magmas in relation to hot subduction is debated. Using new major and trace element and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotope analyses of 324 lava samples from seven Quaternary volcanoes, we investigated the genetic conditions of the magma suites using a geochemical mass balance model, Arc Basalt Simulator version 4 (ABS4), that uses these data to solve for the parameters such as pressure/temperature of slab dehydration/melting and slab flux fraction, pressure, and temperature of mantle melting. The calculations suggest that those magmas originated from slab melts that induced flux-melting of mantle peridotite. The suites differ mostly in the mass fraction of slab melt flux, increasing from SHO through AB, SAB, HMA, to ADK. The pressure and temperature of mantle melting decreases in the same order. The suites differ secondarily in the ratio of altered oceanic crust to sediment in the source of the slab melt. The atypical suites associated with hot subduction result from unusually large mass fractions of slab melt and unusually cool mantle temperatures.
    Electronic ISSN: 1525-2027
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
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  • 7
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    Calculation of water-bearing primary basalt and estimation of source mantle conditions beneath arcs: PRIMACALC2 model for WINDOWS (2014)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-11
    Description: We present a new method for estimating the composition of water bearing primary arc basalt and its source mantle conditions. The PRIMACALC2 model uses a thermodynamic fractional crystallization model COMAGMAT 3.72, and runs with an Excel macro to examine the mantle equilibrium and trace element calculations of a primary basalt. COMAGMAT 3.72 calculates magma fractionation in 0–10 kb at various compositions, pressure, oxygen fugacity, and water content, but is only applicable for forward calculations. PRIMACALC2 first calculates the provisional composition of a primary basalt from an observed magma. The basalt composition is then calculated by COMAGMAT 3.72 for crystallization. Differences in elemental concentrations between observed and the closest-match calculated magmas are then adjusted in the primary basalt. Further iteration continues until the calculated magma composition converges with the observed magma, resulting in the primary basalt composition. Once the fitting is satisfied, back calculations of trace elements are made using stepwise addition of fractionated minerals. Mantle equilibrium of the primary basalt is tested using the Fo-NiO relationship of olivine in equilibrium with the primary basalt, and thus with the source mantle. Source mantle pressure, temperature, and degree of melting are estimated using petrogenetic grids based on experimental data obtained in anhydrous systems. Mantle melting temperature in a hydrous system is computed by adjusting T with a parameterization for a water-bearing system. PRIMACALC2 can be used either in dry or water-bearing arc magmas, and is also applicable to mid ocean ridge basalts and non-alkalic ocean island basalts.
    Electronic ISSN: 1525-2027
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
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  • 8
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    Real-Time Fluorescence Imaging of the DNA Damage Repair Response During Mitosis (2014)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-23
    Description: ABSTRACT The response to DNA damage during mitosis was visualized using real-time fluorescence imaging of focus formation by the DNA-damage repair (DDR) response protein 53BP1 linked to green fluorescent protein (GFP) (53BP1-GFP) in the MiaPaCa-2 Tet-On pancreatic cancer line. To observe 53BP1-GFP foci during mitosis, MiaPaCa-2 Tet-On 53BP1-GFP cells were imaged every 30 minutes by confocal microscopy. Time lapse imaging demonstrated that 11.4 ± 2.1% of the mitotic MiaPaCa-2 Tet-On 53BP1-GFP cells had increased focus formation over time. Non-mitotic cells did not have an increase in 53BP1-GFP focus formation over time. Some of the mitotic MiaPaCa-2 Tet-On 53BP1-GFP cells with focus formation became apoptotic. The results of the present report suggest that DNA strand breaks occur during mitosis and undergo repair, which may cause some of the mitotic cells to enter apoptosis in a phenomenon possibly relative to mitotic catastrophe. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
    Electronic ISSN: 0091-7419
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley
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  • 9
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    Bed morphological changes around a finite patch of vegetation (2014)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-16
    Description: ABSTRACT For the appropriate management and restoration of rivers, isolated vegetation is often practical for improving stream habitat and ecology. The effect of a finite vegetation patch on flow and bed morphology in an open channel was investigated using laboratory experiments. The patch containing emergent and submerged vegetation was modeled using circular cylinders and located mid-channel along a side wall. Several configurations of the patch and submergence ratio (i.e., water depth to the height of vegetation), and two flow conditions (i.e., below and above the sediment motion threshold) were considered. For flows below the sediment motion threshold, erosion primarily occurred on the opposite side of the patch and near the leading edge of the patch. The degree of scouring depth observed in both these regions was affected by the submergence ratio and it increased with the non-dimensional flow blockage (i.e., the product of the patch density and width). In contrast, for flows above the sediment motion threshold, sediment accumulated within and around the patch due to a reduction in bed shear stress, which was strongly influenced by the flow blockage and the obstruction ratio (i.e., the ratio of patch width to channel width). The eroded area observed within the patch was consistent with the interior adjustment region where the deceleration and diversion of flow occurred through the patch. As the flow blockage increased or as the obstruction ratio decreased, the deposition rate within and behind the patch decreased. Furthermore, the deposition rate increased with an increase in the ratio of flow rate through the patch to total flow rate regardless of the submergence ratio. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0197-9337
    Electronic ISSN: 1096-9837
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
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  • 10
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    Long-term evolution of an accretionary prism: the case study of the Shimanto Belt, Kyushu, Japan (2014)
    Wiley
    In: Tectonics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-08
    Description: The Shimanto Belt in SW Japan is commonly described as a paleo-accretionary prism, whose structure is explained by continuous accretion like in modern accretionary prisms such as Nankai. We carried out a structural study of the Cretaceous to Miocene part of the Shimanto Belt on Kyushu to test this hypothesis of continuous accretion. Most deformation structures observed on the field are top-to-the-SE thrusts fitting well the scheme of accretionary wedge growth by frontal accretion or underplating. In particular, the tectonic mélange at the top of the Hyuga Group records a penetrative deformation reflecting burial within the subduction channel. In contrast, we documented two stages of extension that require modifying the traditional model of the Belt as a “simple” giant accretionary wedge. The first one, in the early Middle Eocene, is mostly ductile and localized in the foliated bases of the Morotsuka and Kitagawa Groups. The second one, postdating the Middle Miocene, is a brittle deformation spread over the whole belt on Kyushu. Integrating these new tectonic features to existing data, we propose 2D reconstructions of the belt evolution, leading to the following conclusions: (1) Erosion and extension of the margin in the early Middle Eocene resulted from the subduction of a trench-parallel ridge. (2) The Late Eocene to Early Miocene evolution is characterized by rapid growth of the prism, followed by a Middle Miocene stage where large displacements occurred along low-angle out-of-sequence thrusts such as the Nobeoka Tectonic Line. (3) From Middle Miocene on the strain regime was extensional.
    Print ISSN: 0278-7407
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-9194
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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