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  • Articles  (49)
  • Springer Nature  (49)
  • 2010-2014  (49)
  • 1970-1974
  • 2012  (49)
  • Natural Sciences in General  (49)
  • Sociology
  • Technology
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  • Articles  (49)
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  • 2010-2014  (49)
  • 1970-1974
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  • 1
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    Ordering Ag nanowire arrays by a glass capillary: A portable, reusable and durable SERS substrate (2012)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2012-12-18
    Description: Assembly of nanowires into ordered macroscopic structures with new functionalities has been a recent focus. In this Letter, we report a new route for ordering hydrophilic Ag nanowires with high aspect ratio by flowing through a glass capillary. The present glass capillary with well-defined silver nanowire films inside can serve as a portable and reusable substrate for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), which may provide a versatile and promising platform for detecting mixture pollutions. By controlling the flow parameters of nanowire suspensions, initially random Ag nanowires can be aligned to form nanowire arrays with tunable density, forming cambered nanowire films adhered onto the inner wall of the capillary. Compared with the planar ordered Ag nanowire films by the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique, the cambered nanowire films show better SERS performance. Scientific Reports 2 doi: 10.1038/srep00987
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 2
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    Beyond pairwise strategy updating in the prisoner's dilemma game (2012)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2012-10-17
    Description: In spatial games players typically alter their strategy by imitating the most successful or one randomly selected neighbor. Since a single neighbor is taken as reference, the information stemming from other neighbors is neglected, which begets the consideration of alternative, possibly more realistic approaches. Here we show that strategy changes inspired not only by the performance of individual neighbors but rather by entire neighborhoods introduce a qualitatively different evolutionary dynamics that is able to support the stable existence of very small cooperative clusters. This leads to phase diagrams that differ significantly from those obtained by means of pairwise strategy updating. In particular, the survivability of cooperators is possible even by high temptations to defect and over a much wider uncertainty range. We support the simulation results by means of pair approximations and analysis of spatial patterns, which jointly highlight the importance of local information for the resolution of social dilemmas. Scientific Reports 2 doi: 10.1038/srep00740
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 3
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    Microbial diversity in long-term water-flooded oil reservoirs with different in situ temperatures in China (2012)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2012-10-24
    Description: Water-flooded oil reservoirs have specific ecological environments due to continual water injection and oil production and water recycling. Using 16S rRNA gene clone library analysis, the microbial communities present in injected waters and produced waters from four typical water-flooded oil reservoirs with different in situ temperatures of 25°C, 40°C, 55°C and 70°C were examined. The results obtained showed that the higher the in situ temperatures of the oil reservoirs is, the less the effects of microorganisms in the injected waters on microbial community compositions in the produced waters is. In addition, microbes inhabiting in the produced waters of the four water-flooded oil reservoirs were varied but all dominated by Proteobacteria. Moreover, most of the detected microbes were not identified as indigenous. The objective of this study was to expand the pictures of the microbial ecosystem of water-flooded oil reservoirs. Scientific Reports 2 doi: 10.1038/srep00760
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 4
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    Tuning the autophagy-inducing activity of lanthanide-based nanocrystals through specific surface-coating peptides (2012)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2012-08-24
    Description: Tuning the autophagy-inducing activity of lanthanide-based nanocrystals through specific surface-coating peptides Nature Materials 11, 817 (2012). doi:10.1038/nmat3363 Authors: Yunjiao Zhang, Fang Zheng, Tianlong Yang, Wei Zhou, Yun Liu, Na Man, Li Zhang, Nan Jin, Qingqing Dou, Yong Zhang, Zhengquan Li & Long-Ping Wen
    Print ISSN: 1476-1122
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4660
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Hydrogen Bond Nanoscale Networks Showing Switchable Transport Performance (2012)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2012-08-31
    Description: Hydrogen bond is a typical noncovalent bond with its strength only one-tenth of a general covalent bond. Because of its easiness to fracture and re-formation, materials based on hydrogen bonds can enable a reversible behavior in their assembly and other properties, which supplies advantages in fabrication and recyclability. In this paper, hydrogen bond nanoscale networks have been utilized to separate water and oil in macroscale. This is realized upon using nanowire macro-membranes with pore sizes ~tens of nanometers, which can form hydrogen bonds with the water molecules on the surfaces. It is also found that the gradual replacement of the water by ethanol molecules can endow this film tunable transport properties. It is proposed that a hydrogen bond network in the membrane is responsible for this switching effect. Significant application potential is demonstrated by the successful separation of oil and water, especially in the emulsion forms. Scientific Reports 2 doi: 10.1038/srep00612
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 6
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    Evolution of in-group favoritism (2012)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2012-07-09
    Description: Evolution of in-group favoritism Scientific Reports 2, 21062012 doi: 10.1038/srep00460 Feng Fu Corina E. Tarnita Nicholas A. Christakis Long Wang David G. Rand Martin A. Nowak In-group favoritism is a central aspect of human behavior. People often help members of their own group more than members of other groups. Here we propose a mathematical framework for the evolution of in-group favoritism from a continuum of strategies. Unlike previous models, we do not pre-suppose that players never cooperate with out-group members. Instead, we determine the conditions under which preferential in-group cooperation emerges, and also explore situations where preferential out-group helping could evolve. Our approach is not based on explicit intergroup conflict, but instead uses evolutionary set theory. People can move between sets. Successful sets attract members, and successful strategies gain imitators. Individuals can employ different strategies when interacting with in-group versus out-group members. Our framework also allows us to implement different games for these two types of interactions. We prove general results and derive specific conditions for the evolution of cooperation based on in-group favoritism.
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 7
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    Unraveling Metal-insulator Transition Mechanism of VO2 Triggered by Tungsten Doping (2012)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2012-07-09
    Description: Unraveling Metal-insulator Transition Mechanism of VO2 Triggered by Tungsten Doping Scientific Reports 2, 22062012 doi: 10.1038/srep00466 Xiaogang Tan Tao Yao Ran Long Zhihu Sun Yajuan Feng Hao Cheng Xun Yuan Wenqing Zhang Qinghua Liu Changzheng Wu Yi Xie Shiqiang Wei Understanding the mechanism of W-doping induced reduction of critical temperature (TC) for VO2 metal-insulator transition (MIT) is crucial for both fundamental study and technological application. Here, using synchrotron radiation X-ray absorption spectroscopy combined with first-principles calculations, we unveil the atomic structure evolutions of W dopant and its role in tailoring the TC of VO2 MIT. We find that the local structure around W atom is intrinsically symmetric with a tetragonal-like structure, exhibiting a concentration-dependent evolution involving the initial distortion, further repulsion, and final stabilization due to the strong interaction between doped W atoms and VO2 lattices across the MIT. These results directly give the experimental evidence that the symmetric W core drives the detwisting of the nearby asymmetric monoclinic VO2 lattice to form rutile-like VO2 nuclei, and the propagations of these W-encampassed nuclei through the matrix lower the thermal energy barrier for phase transition.
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 8
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    Porous Iron Oxide Ribbons Grown on Graphene for High-Performance Lithium Storage (2012)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2012-07-09
    Description: Porous Iron Oxide Ribbons Grown on Graphene for High-Performance Lithium Storage Scientific Reports 2, 29052012 doi: 10.1038/srep00427 Shubin Yang Yi Sun Long Chen Yenny Hernandez Xinliang Feng Klaus Müllen A well-designed nanostructure of transition metal oxides has been regarded as a key to solve their problems of large volume changes during lithium insertion-desertion processes which are associated with pulverization of the electrodes and rapid capacity decay. Here we report an effective approach for the fabrication of porous iron oxide ribbons by controlling the nucleation and growth of iron precursor onto the graphene surface and followed by an annealing treatment. The resultant iron oxide ribbons possess large aspect ratio, porous structure, thin feature and enhanced open-edges. These characteristics are favorable for the fast diffusion of lithium ions and electrons, and meanwhile can effectively accommodate the volume change of iron oxides during the cycling processes. As a consequence, the graphene-induced porous iron oxide ribbons exhibit a high reversible capacity and excellent cycle stability for lithium storage.
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 9
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    Early Indicators of Disease in Ferrets Infected with a High Dose of Avian Influenza H5N1 (2012)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2012-12-14
    Description: Avian influenza viruses are widespread in birds, contagious in humans, and are categorized as low pathogenicity avian influenza or highly pathogenic avian influenza. Ferrets are susceptible to infection with avian and human influenza A and B viruses and have been widely used as a model to study pathogenicity and vaccine efficacy. In this report, the natural history of the H5N1 influenza virus A/Vietnam/1203/04 influenza infection in ferrets was examined to determine clinical and laboratory parameters that may indicate (1) the onset of disease and (2) survival. In all, twenty of 24 animals infected with 7 × 105 TCID50 of A/Vietnam/1203/04 succumbed. A statistical analysis identified a combination of parameters including weight loss, nasal wash TCID50, eosinophils, and liver enzymes such as alanine amino transferase that might possibly serve as indicators of both disease onset and challenge survival. Scientific Reports 2 doi: 10.1038/srep00972
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 10
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    Production of Graphite Chloride and Bromide Using Microwave Sparks (2012)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2012-09-18
    Description: Chemically modified graphite is an economical material with promising applications in its own right or as an intermediate in the synthesis of graphene. However, because of its extreme chemical inertness, to date only two methods—oxidation and fluorination—have been found which can modify graphite with high yield and large throughput. Herein, we describe a third chemical approach for the synthesis of large quantities of highly modified graphite which uses a microwave-sparks-assisted halogenation reaction. The resulting graphite halide can easily be exfoliated into monolayer graphene in organic solvents. The structure and electronic properties of the original graphene can be recovered after thermal annealing of the graphene halide. Furthermore, the graphene halide can be further modified by a variety of organic functional groups. Solution-processed field-effect transistors based on the graphene halides resulted in device performances were comparable to, or even better than, that of graphene oxide. Scientific Reports 2 doi: 10.1038/srep00662
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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