Call number:
AWI A5-12-0038
Description / Table of Contents:
Murry Salby's new book provides an integrated treatment of the processes controlling the Earth-atmosphere system developed from first principles through a balance of theory and applications. This book builds on Salby's previous book Fundamentals of Atmospheric Physics. The scope has been expanded to include climate, while streamlining the presentation for undergraduates in scinece, mathematics, and engineering. Advanced material, suitable for graduate students and researchers, has been retained but distingushed from the basic development. The book offers a conceptual yet quantitative understanding of the controlling influences integrated through theory and major applications. It leads readers through a methodical development of the diverse physical processes that shape weather, global energetics, and climate. End-of-chapter problems of varying difficulty develop student knowledge and ist quanitative application, supported by answers and detailed solutions online for instructors.
Type of Medium:
Monograph available for loan
Pages:
XIX, 666 Seiten
,
Illustrationen
Edition:
First published 2012, 2nd edition
ISBN:
9780521767187
,
978-0-521-76718-7
URL:
https://swbplus.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/result_katan.pl?item=bsz361923406inh.htm
Language:
English
Note:
Contents
Preface
Prelude
1 The Earth-atmosphere system
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 Descriptions of atmospheric behavior
1.1.2 Mechanisms influencing atmospheric behavior
1.2 Composition and structure
1.2.1 Description of air
1.2.2 Stratification of mass
1.2.3 Thermal and dynamical structure
1.2.4 Trace constituents
1.2.5 Cloud
1.3 Radiative equilibrium of the Earth
1.4 The global energy budget
1.4.1 Global-mean energy balance
1.4.2 Horizontal distribution of radiative transfer
1.5 The general circulation
1.6 Historical perspective: Global-mean temperature
1.6.1 The instrumental record
1.6.2 Proxy records
Suggested references
Problems
2 Thermodynamics of gases
2.1 Thermodynamic concepts
2.1.1 Thermodynamic properties
2.1.2 Expansion work
2.1.3 Heat transfer
2.1.4 State variables and thermodynamic processes
2.2 The First Law
2.2.1 Internal energy
2.2.2 Diabatic changes of state
2.3 Heat capacity
2.4 Adiabatic processes
2.4.1 Potential temperature
2.4.2 Thermodynamic behavior accompanying vertical motion
2.5 Diabatic processes
2.5.1 Polytropic processes
Suggested references
Problems
3 The Second Law and its implications
3.1 Natural and reversible processes
3.1.1 The Carnot cycle
3.2 Entropy and the Second Law
3.3 Restricted forms of the Second Law
3.4 The fundamental relations
3.4.1 The Maxwell Relations
3.4.2 Noncompensated heat transfer
3.5 Conditions for thermodynamic equilibrium
3.6 Relationship of entropy to potential temperature
3.6.1 Implications for vertical motion
Suggested references
Problems
4 Heterogeneous systems
4.1 Description of a heterogeneous system
4.2 Chemical equilibrium
4.3 Fundamental relations for a mufti-component system
4.4 Thermodynamic degrees of freedom
4.5 Thermodynamic characteristics of water
4.6 Equilibrium phase transformations
4.6.1 Latent heat
4.6.2 Clausius-Clapeyron Equation
Suggested references
Problems
5 Transformations of moist air
5.1 Description of moist air
5.1.1 Properties of the gas phase
5.1.2 Saturation properties
5.2 Implications for the distribution of water vapor
5.3 State variables of the two-component system
5.3.1 Unsaturated behavior
5.3.2 Saturated behavior
5.4 Thermodynamic behavior accompanying vertical motion
5.4.1 Condensation and the release of latent heat
5.4.2 The pseudo-adiabatic process
5.4.3 The Saturated Adiabatic Lapse Rate
5.5 The pseudo-adiabatic chart
Suggested references
Problems
6 Hydrostatic equilibrium
6.1 Effective gravity
6.2 Geopotential coordinates
6.3 Hydrostatic balance
6.3.1 Hypsometric equation
6.3.2 Meteorological Analyses
6.4 Stratification
6.4.1 Idealized stratification
6.5 Lagrangian interpretation of stratification
6.5.1 Adiabatic stratification: A paradigm of the troposphere
6.5.2 Diabatic stratification: A paradigm of the stratosphere
Suggested references
Problems
7 Static stability
7.1 Reaction to vertical displacement
7.2 Stability categories
7.2.1 Stability in terms of temperature
7.2.2 Stability in terms of potential temperature
7.2.3 Moisture dependence
7.3 Implications for vertical motion
7.4 Finite displacements
7.4.1 Conditional instability
7.4.2 Entrainment
7.4.3 Potential instability
7.4.4 Modification of stability under unsaturated conditions
7.5 Stabilizing and destabilizing influences
7.6 Turbulent dispersion
7.6.1 Convective mixing
7.6.2 Inversions
7.6.3 Life cycle of the nocturnal inversion
7.7 Relationship to observed thermal structure
Suggested references
Problems
8 Radiative transfer
8.1 Shortwave and longwave radiation
8.1.1 Spectra of observed SW and LW radiation
8.2 Description of radiative transfer
8.2.1 Radiometric quantities
8.2.2 Absorption
8.2.3 Emission
8.2.4 Scattering
8.2.5 The Equation of Radiative Transfer
8.3 Absorption characteristics of gases
8.3.1 Interaction between radiation and molecules
8.3.2 Line broadening
8.4 Radiative transfer in a plane parallel atmosphere
8.4.1 Transmission function
8.4.2 Two-stream approximation
8.5 Thermal equilibrium
8.5.1 Radiative equilibrium in a gray atmosphere
8.5.2 Radiative-convective equilibrium
8.5.3 Radiative heating
8.6 Thermal relaxation
8.7 The greenhouse effect
8.7.1 Feedback in the climate system
8.7.2 Unchecked feedback
8.7.3 Simulation of climate
Suggested references
Problems
9 Aerosol and cloud
9.1 Morphology of atmospheric aerosol
9.1.1 Continental aerosol
9.1.2 Marine aerosol
9.1.3 Stratospheric aerosol
9.2 Microphysics of cloud
9.2.1 Droplet growth by condensation
9.2.2 Droplet growth by collision
9.2.3 Growth of ice particles
9.3 Macroscopic characteristics of cloud
9.3.1 Formation and classification of cloud
9.3.2 Microphysical properties of cloud
9.3.3 Cloud dissipation
9.3.4 Cumulus detrainment: Influence on the environment
9.4 Radiative transfer in aerosol and cloud
9.4.1 Scattering by molecules and particles
9.4.2 Radiative transfer in a cloudy atmosphere
9.5 Roles of cloud and aerosol in climate
9.5.1 Involvement in the global energy budget
9.5.2 Involvement in chemical processes
Suggested references
Problems
10 Atmospheric motion
10.1 Description of atmospheric motion
10.2 Kinematics of fluid motion
10.3 The material derivative
10.4 Reynolds'transport theorem
10.5 Conservation of mass
10.6 The momentum budget
10.6.1 Cauchy's Equations of Motion
10.6.2 Momentum equations in a rotating reference frame
1 0.7 The first law of thermodynamics
Suggested references
Problems
11 Atmospheric equations of motion
11.1 Curvilinear coordinates
11.2 Spherical coordinates
11.2.1 The traditional approximation
11.3 Special forms of motion
11.4 Prevailing balances
11.4.1 Motion-related stratification
11.4.2 Scale analysis
11.5 Thermodynamic coordinates
11.5.1 Isobaric coordinates
11.5.2 Log-pressure coordinates
11.5.3 Isentropic coordinates
Suggested references
Problems
12 Large-scale motion
12.1 Ceostrophic equilibrium
12.1.1 Motion on an f plane
1 2.2 Vertical shear of the geostrophic wind
12.2.1 Classes of stratification
12.2.2 Thermal wind balance
12.3 Frictional geostrophic motion
1 2.4 Curvilinear motion
12.4.1 Inertial motion
12.4.2 Cyclostrophic motion
12.4.3 Gradient motion
12.5 Weakly divergent motion
12.5.1 Barotropic nondivergent motion
12.5.2 Vorticity budget under baroclinic stratification
12.5.3 Quasi-geostrophic motion
Suggested references
Problems
13 The planetary boundary layer
13.1 Description of turbulence
13.1.1 Reynolds decomposition
13.1.2 Turbulent diffusion
13.2 Structure of the boundary layer
13.2.1 The Ekman Layer
13.2.2 The surface layer
1 3.3 Influence of stratification
1 3.4 Ekman pumping
Suggested references
Problems
14 Wave propagation
14.1 Description of wave propagation
14.1.1 Surface water waves
14.1.2 Fourier synthesis
14.1.3 Limiting behavior
14.1.4 Wave dispersion
14.2 Acoustic waves
14.3 Buoyancy waves
14.3.1 Shortwave limit
14.3.2 Propagation of gravity waves in an inhomogeneous medium
14.3.3 The WKB approximation
14.3.4 Method of geometric optics
1 4.4 The Lamb wave
14.5 Rossby waves
14.5.1 Barotropic nondivergent Rossby waves
14.5.2 Rossby wave propagation in three dimensions
14.5.3 Planetary wave propagation in sheared mean flow
14.5.4 Transmission of planetary wave activity
14.6 Wave absorption
14.7 Nonlinear considerations
Suggested references
Problems
15 The general circulation
15.1 Forms of atmospheric energy
15.1.1 Moist static energy
15.1.2 Total potential energy
15.1.3 Available potential energy
1 5.2 Heat transfer in a zonally symmetric circulation
1 5.3 Heat transfer in a laboratory analogue
1 5.4 Quasi-permanent features
15.4.1 Thermal properties of the Earth's surface
1 5.4.2 Surface pressure and wind systems
1 5.4.3 Tropical circulations
15.5 Fluctuations of the circulation
15.5.1 Interannual changes
15.5.2 Intraseasonal variations
Suggested references
Problems
16 Dynamic stability
16.1 Inertial instability
16.2 Shear instability
16.2.1 Necessary conditions for instability
16.2.2
Location:
AWI Reading room
Branch Library:
AWI Library
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