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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2010-04-30
    Description: In sensory cortex regions, neurons are tuned to specific stimulus features. For example, in the visual cortex, many neurons fire predominantly in response to moving objects of a preferred orientation. However, the characteristics of the synaptic input that cortical neurons receive to generate their output firing pattern remain unclear. Here we report a novel approach for the visualization and functional mapping of sensory inputs to the dendrites of cortical neurons in vivo. By combining high-speed two-photon imaging with electrophysiological recordings, we identify local subthreshold calcium signals that correspond to orientation-specific synaptic inputs. We find that even inputs that share the same orientation preference are widely distributed throughout the dendritic tree. At the same time, inputs of different orientation preference are interspersed, so that adjacent dendritic segments are tuned to distinct orientations. Thus, orientation-tuned neurons can compute their characteristic firing pattern by integrating spatially distributed synaptic inputs coding for multiple stimulus orientations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jia, Hongbo -- Rochefort, Nathalie L -- Chen, Xiaowei -- Konnerth, Arthur -- England -- Nature. 2010 Apr 29;464(7293):1307-12. doi: 10.1038/nature08947.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Neuroscience and Center for Integrated Protein Science, Technical University Munich, Biedersteinerstrasse 29, 80802 Munich, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20428163" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Calcium Signaling ; Dendrites/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Models, Neurological ; Sensory Receptor Cells/cytology/*physiology ; Synapses/metabolism ; Visual Cortex/*cytology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2010-06-12
    Description: T cells develop in the thymus and are critical for adaptive immunity. Natural killer (NK) lymphocytes constitute an essential component of the innate immune system in tumor surveillance, reproduction, and defense against microbes and viruses. Here, we show that the transcription factor Bcl11b was expressed in all T cell compartments and was indispensable for T lineage development. When Bcl11b was deleted, T cells from all developmental stages acquired NK cell properties and concomitantly lost or decreased T cell-associated gene expression. These induced T-to-natural killer (ITNK) cells, which were morphologically and genetically similar to conventional NK cells, killed tumor cells in vitro, and effectively prevented tumor metastasis in vivo. Therefore, ITNKs may represent a new cell source for cell-based therapies.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3628452/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3628452/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Peng -- Burke, Shannon -- Wang, Juexuan -- Chen, Xiongfeng -- Ortiz, Mariaestela -- Lee, Song-Choon -- Lu, Dong -- Campos, Lia -- Goulding, David -- Ng, Bee Ling -- Dougan, Gordon -- Huntly, Brian -- Gottgens, Bertie -- Jenkins, Nancy A -- Copeland, Neal G -- Colucci, Francesco -- Liu, Pentao -- 076962/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 077186/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- G0501150/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0800784/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G116/187/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 2;329(5987):85-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1188063. Epub 2010 Jun 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20538915" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; *Cell Lineage ; Cells, Cultured ; Coculture Techniques ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Gene Deletion ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Gene Knock-In Techniques ; Genes, T-Cell Receptor beta ; Killer Cells, Natural/cytology/immunology/*physiology ; *Lymphopoiesis/genetics ; Melanoma, Experimental/immunology/therapy ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Precursor Cells, T-Lymphoid/cytology/physiology ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism ; Repressor Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Stromal Cells/cytology/physiology ; T-Lymphocytes/cytology/immunology/*physiology/transplantation ; Tamoxifen/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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