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  • Launch Vehicles and Launch Operations  (10)
  • Astrophysics  (2)
  • STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
  • 2010-2014  (12)
  • 2005-2009
  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984
  • 2010  (12)
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  • 2010-2014  (12)
  • 2005-2009
  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984
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  • 1
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    The Abundance Pattern in the Hot ISM of NGC 4472: Insights and Anomalies (2010)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-06
    Description: Important clues to the chemical and dynamical history of elliptical galaxies are encoded in the abundances of heavy elements in the X-ray emitting plasma. We derive the hot ISM abundance pattern in inner (0.2.3R(sub e)) and outer (2.3.4.6R(sub e)) regions of NGC 4472 from analysis of Suzaku spectra, supported by analysis of co- spatial XMM-Newton spectra. The low background and relatively sharp spectral resolution of the Suzaku XIS detectors, combined with the high luminosity and temperature in NGC 4472, enable us to derive a particularly extensive abundance pattern that encompasses O, Ne, Mg, Al, Si, S, Ar, Ca, Fe, and Ni in both regions. We apply simple chemical evolution models to these data, and conclude that the abundances are best explained by a combination of alpha-element enhanced stellar mass loss and direct injection of Type Ia supernova (SNIa) ejecta. We thus confirm the inference, based on optical data, that the stars in elliptical galaxies have supersolar [alpha/Fe] ratios, but find that that the present-day SNIa rate is approximately 4.6 times lower than the standard value. We find SNIa yield sets that reproduce Ca and Ar, or Ni, but not all three simultaneously. The low abundance of O relative to Ne and Mg implies that standard core collapse nucleosynthesis models overproduce O by approximately 2.
    Keywords: Astrophysics
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  • 2
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    Focusing X-Ray Telescopes (2010)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: During the half-century history of x-ray astronomy, focusing x-ray telescopes, through increased effective area and finer angular resolution, have improved sensitivity by 8 orders of magnitude. Here, we review previous and current x-ray-telescope missions. Next, we describe the planned next-generation x-ray-astronomy facility, the International X-ray Observatory (IXO). We conclude with an overview of a concept for the next next-generation facility, Generation X. Its scientific objectives will require very large areas (about 10,000 sq m) of highly-nested, lightweight grazing-incidence mirrors, with exceptional (about 0.1-arcsec) resolution. Achieving this angular resolution with lightweight mirrors will likely require on-orbit adjustment of alignment and figure.
    Keywords: Astrophysics
    Type: M10-0308
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  • 3
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    Ares I-X Flight Test Development Challenges and Success Factors (2010)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-13
    Description: The NASA Constellation Program's Ares I-X rocket launched successfully on October 28, 2009 collecting valuable data and providing risk reduction for the Ares I project. The Ares I-X mission was formulated and implemented in less than four years commencing with the Exploration Systems Architecture Study in 2005. The test configuration was founded upon assets and processes from other rocket programs including Space Shuttle, Atlas, and Peacekeeper. For example, the test vehicle's propulsion element was a Shuttle Solid Rocket Motor. The Ares I-X rocket comprised a motor assembly, mass and outer mold line simulators of the Ares I Upper Stage, Orion Spacecraft and Launch Abort System, a roll control system, avionics, and other miscellaneous components. The vehicle was 327 feet tall and weighed approximately 1,800,000 pounds. During flight the rocket reached a maximum speed of Mach 4.8 and an altitude of 150,000 feet. The vehicle demonstrated staging at 130,000 feet, tested parachutes for recovery of the motor, and utilized approximately 900 sensors for data collection. Developing a new launch system and preparing for a safe flight presented many challenges. Specific challenges included designing a system to withstand the environments, manufacturing large structures, and re-qualifying heritage hardware. These and other challenges, if not mitigated, may have resulted in test cancellation. Ares I-X succeeded because the mission was founded on carefully derived objectives, led by decisive and flexible management, implemented by an exceptionally talented and dedicated workforce, and supported by a thorough independent review team. Other major success factors include the use of proven heritage hardware, a robust System Integration Laboratory, multi-NASA center and contractor team, concurrent operations, efficient vehicle assembly, effective risk management, and decentralized element development with a centralized control board. Ares I-X was a technically complex test that required creative thinking, risk taking, and a passion to succeed.
    Keywords: Launch Vehicles and Launch Operations
    Type: M10-0686 , M11-0064 , JANNAF 40th SMBS/36th PEDCS/27th RNTS/25th SEPS Joint Subcommittee meetings; Dec 06, 2010 - Dec 10, 2010; Orlando, FL; United States
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  • 4
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    Constellation's First Flight Test: Ares I-X (2010)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-13
    Description: On October 28, 2009, NASA launched Ares I-X, the first flight test of the Constellation Program that will send human beings to the Moon and beyond. This successful test is the culmination of a three-and-a-half-year, multi-center effort to design, build, and fly the first demonstration vehicle of the Ares I crew launch vehicle, the successor vehicle to the Space Shuttle. The suborbital mission was designed to evaluate the atmospheric flight characteristics of a vehicle dynamically similar to Ares I; perform a first stage separation and evaluate its effects; characterize and control roll torque; stack, fly, and recover a solid-motor first stage testing the Ares I parachutes; characterize ground, flight, and reentry environments; and develop and execute new ground hardware and procedures. Built from existing flight and new simulator hardware, Ares I-X integrated a Shuttle-heritage four-segment solid rocket booster for first stage propulsion, a spacer segment to simulate a five-segment booster, Peacekeeper axial engines for roll control, and Atlas V avionics, as well as simulators for the upper stage, crew module, and launch abort system. The mission leveraged existing logistical and ground support equipment while also developing new ones to accommodate the first in-line rocket for flying astronauts since the Saturn IB last flew from Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in 1975. This paper will describe the development and integration of the various vehicle and ground elements, from conception to stacking in KSC s Vehicle Assembly Building; hardware performance prior to, during, and after the launch; and preliminary lessons and data gathered from the flight. While the Constellation Program is currently under review, Ares I-X has and will continue to provide vital lessons for NASA personnel in taking a vehicle concept from design to flight.
    Keywords: Launch Vehicles and Launch Operations
    Type: M10-0071 , M10-0463 , M10-0487 , 4th Spacecraft Propulsion Joint Subcommittee Meeting; May 03, 2010 - May 07, 2010; Colorado Springs, CO; United States|5th Liquid Propulsion Meeting; May 03, 2010 - May 07, 2010; Colorado Springs, CO; United States|7th Modeling and Simulation Meeting; May 03, 2010 - May 07, 2010; Colorado Springs, CO; United States|57th JANNAF Joint Propulsion Meeting; May 03, 2010 - May 07, 2010; Colorado Springs, CO; United States
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  • 5
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    Ares I-X: First Flight of a New Generation (2010)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Ares I-X suborbital development flight test demonstrated NASA s ability to design, develop, launch and control a new human-rated launch vehicle (Figure 14). This hands-on missions experience will provide the agency with necessary skills and insights regardless of the future direction of space exploration. The Ares I-X team, having executed a successful launch, will now focus on analyzing the flight data and extracting lessons learned that will be used to support the development of future vehicles.
    Keywords: Launch Vehicles and Launch Operations
    Type: M10-0871 , JPC Meeting; Jul 25, 2010 - Jul 28, 2010; Nashville, TN; United States
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  • 6
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    Ares I Upper Stage Update (2010)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: These presentation slides review the progress in the development of the Ares I upper stage. The development includes development of a manufacturing and processing assembly that will reduce the time required over 100 days, development of a weld tool that is a robotic tool that is the largest welder of its kind in the United States, development of avionics and software, and development of logisitics and operations systems.
    Keywords: Launch Vehicles and Launch Operations
    Type: M09-0100 , Ares I Upper Stage Update; Oct 21, 2008; Huntsville, AL; United States
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  • 7
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    ARES I-X: The First Test Flight of a New Era (2010)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: On October 28th, 2009, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) launched the Ares I-X Flight Test Vehicle (FTV) from pad 39B, providing the first set of flight test data for NASA's Ares I vehicle design team. This test was critical in providing insight into areas were significant design challenges existed. This paper discusses the objectives of the mission and how they were satisfied. It discusses the overall results of the flight test and look at the data retrieved from the flight. Ares I-X was highly instrumented with over 700 channels of Developmental Flight Instrumentation (DFI). Significant insight was gained in the areas of thrust oscillation, vibro-acoustics, predicting jet interactions and slag ejection from solid rocket systems with submerged nozzles. The paper outlines results from the Guidance Navigation & Control (GN&C), Thermal, Vibro-acoustic, Structures, Aero, Aero-Acoustic and Trajectory teams.
    Keywords: Launch Vehicles and Launch Operations
    Type: IAC-10-D2.6.5 , NF1676L-11374 , 61st International Astronautical Congress; Sep 21, 2010 - Oct 01, 2010; Prague; Czech Republic
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  • 8
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    Space Operations for a New Era of Exploration Launch Vehicles (2010)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Since 2005, Ares has made substantial progress on designing, developing, and testing the Ares I crew launch vehicle and has continued its in-depth studies of the Ares V cargo launch vehicles. The combined Ares I/Ares V architecture was designed to reduce the complexity and labor intensity of ground operations for America s next journeys beyond low-Earth orbit (LEO). The Ares Projects goal is to instill operability as part of the vehicles requirements development, design, and operations. Since completing the Preliminary Design Review in 2008, work has continued to push the Ares I beyond the concept phase and into full vehicle development, while tackling fresh engineering challenges and performing pathfinding activities related to vehicle manufacturing and ground operations.
    Keywords: Launch Vehicles and Launch Operations
    Type: M10-0611 , M10-0382 , SpaceOps 2010: Delivering on the Dream; Apr 25, 2010 - Apr 30, 2010; Huntsville, AL; United States
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  • 9
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    Lessons Learned in Launching Ares I-X (2010)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: The Ares I-X flight test, scheduled for 2009, is the first opportunity for the Constellation Program and Ares Projects to obtain important data on the in-flight loads, first stage recovery, and ground-handling characteristics of the Ares I crew launch vehicle. The flight test vehicle will incorporate a mix of flight and mockup hardware, reflecting an acceptable representation of the mass and outer mold line characteristics of the operational Ares I vehicle. It will be powered by a four-segment solid rocket motor from the Space Shuttle inventory and will include a fifth, inert spacer segment and new forward structures to make it the same shape as the Ares I first stage. The vehicle also includes mass simulators for the upper stage, Orion crew module, and launch abort system to match the outer mold line of Ares I; an active roll control system; and avionics derived from Shuttle and Atlas hardware. This suborbital mission will take the flight test vehicle from stacking in the Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) at Kennedy Space Center (KSC) through liftoff, maximum dynamic pressure, first stage separation, and recovery. Ares I-X presented NASA with unique project management challenges. This presentation will address those unique challenges, including managing a virtual nationwide team under a constrained timeline; designing and building the launch vehicle and ground systems; working concurrently with Space Shuttle activities; and integrating technical and management functions. It also will identify key data collected and lessons learned from the flight that will be applied to future exploration missions.
    Keywords: Launch Vehicles and Launch Operations
    Type: M09-0613 , NASA PM Challenge; Feb 09, 2010 - Feb 10, 2010; Galveston, TX; United States
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  • 10
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    Ares I-X: First Flight of a New Era (2010)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Since 2005, NASA s Constellation Program has been designing, building, and testing the next generation of launch and space vehicles to carry humans beyond low-Earth orbit (LEO). The Ares Projects at Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) are developing the Ares I crew launch vehicle and Ares V cargo launch vehicle. On October 28, 2009, the first development flight test of the Ares I crew launch vehicle, Ares I-X, lifted off from a launch pad at Kennedy Space Center (KSC) on successful suborbital flight. Basing exploration launch vehicle designs on Ares I-X information puts NASA one step closer to full-up "test as you fly," a best practice in vehicle design. Although the final Constellation Program architecture is under review, the Ares I-X data and experience in vehicle design and operations can be applied to any launch vehicle. This paper presents the mission background as well as results and lessons learned from the flight.
    Keywords: Launch Vehicles and Launch Operations
    Type: M10-0070 , AIAA Joint Propulsion Conference; Jul 25, 2010 - Jul 28, 2010; Nashville, TN; United States
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