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  • 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology  (7)
  • Elsevier  (4)
  • Seismological Society of America  (3)
  • Springer
  • 2005-2009  (7)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1965-1969
  • 2008  (7)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 2005-2009  (7)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1965-1969
Year
  • 1
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    A geologic contribution to the evaluation of the seismic potential of the Kahrizak fault (Tehran, Iran) (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-16
    Description: In this paper we present the results of preliminary geomorphic and trenching investigations along the Kahrizak fault. This fault is located south of the highly populated metropolis of Tehran and represents one of the main structures in the area containing important seismic potential. The Kahrizak fault has a very clear expression at the surface where it forms a prominent 35-km-long, 15-m-high scarp on Holocene alluvial deposits. The fault strikes N70°-80°W and dips to the north. Movement is prevalently right-lateral with the northern side of the fault up. Trench excavations exposed a sequence of weathered, massive, alluvial deposits which are dated, by means of radiometric methods, to the Holocene. In the trenches the sequence is intensely deformed by north-dipping, high- and low-angle faults within a 30-m-wide zone. On the basis of stratigraphic and structural relations, some evidence for individual Holocene earthquakes is found; however, we were not able to reconstruct the seismic history of the fault nor to evaluate the size of deformation produced by each event. Because of the possible ~10 m offset of ancient linear hydraulic artifacts (qanáts), that cross the fault, we hypothesize that the most recent event may have occurred in historical times (more recent than 5000 yr B.P.) and it may be one of those reported in this area by the current catalogues of seismicity. Based on these preliminary investigations we estimate an elapsed time between 5000 and 800 years, a maximum slip per event dmax of ~10 m, a minimum Holocene vertical slip rate of ~1 mm/yr versus a horizontal slip rate of ~3.5 mm/yr, a maximum of ~3000 years for the average recurrence time, and an expected Mw = 7.0 to 7.4. These can be considered as a first-hand reference for the activity on this fault.
    Description: Published
    Description: 187-199
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Iran ; paleoseismicity ; geomorphology ; seismic hazard assessment ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.03. Geomorphology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    A Reappraisal of the 1894 Atalanti Earthquake Surface Ruptures, Central Greece (2008)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: This article presents the results of new field and aerial photo surveys of the Atalanti fault and of the mesoseismal area of the 20 and 27 April 1894 earthquakes. Coupled with a reanalysis of contemporary reports and previous investigations, these are used to gain a better understanding of the faults responsible for these events and their seismic behavior. The first shock was smaller and probably located inshore or offshore the Malessina peninsula. No resolving field evidence has been found to locate the seismogenic structure responsible for this shock. On the basis of the limited information available, we suggest the Malessina escarpment, a 12-km-long, ENE-trending, NW-dipping fault as a possible structure responsible for this event. On the other hand, the second and largest shock is definitely related to the Atalanti fault sensu stricto, a main WNW-trending, N-dipping active fault extending between the Platirema valley (a few km NW of the town of Atalanti) and Larymna. The total length of the rupture recognized in the field is about 32 km, but it can be extended further SE up to 40 km. No evidence for a longer rupture extending some other 20 km to the NW, between the Karagiozis river and Ag. Kostantinos, is found. The complex geometry of the fault with bends and step overs appears to be controlled by preexisting transverse structures. Minimum coseismic vertical throws, measured in the field after more than a century elapsed from the earthquake, are 30–80 cm, thus consistent with contemporary reports indicating 1-m average. Slip rates are not well constrained. The available estimates fall in the range 0.1–0.5 mm/yr confirming the smaller amount of crustal extension taking place in this area with respect to other nearby regions such as the Corinth gulf. No new data are available to define the average recurrence interval typical of the Atalanti fault. However, a reconsideration of the existing information induced us to rule out the possibility that the famous 426 B.C. earthquake occurred on the Atalanti fault. On the basis of the extent and size of the rupture recognized in the field, a M 6.8 is estimated for the second and largest shock.
    Description: Published
    Description: 760-780
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Surface rupture ; 1894 Atalanti Earthquake ; Greece ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    Paleoseismological Trenching across the Atalanti Fault (Central Greece): Evidence for the Ancestors of the 1894 Earthquake during the Middle Ages and Roman Times (2008)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Atalanti fault bounds to the southwest the Evoikos Gulf, one of the major extensional basins of central Greece. This fault ruptured during the 1894 earthquakes, producing at the surface a complex, ca. 30-km-long rupture. Paleoseismological trenching performed at three sites along this fault provided the first insights on its seismogenic behavior. Unfavorable trench stratigraphy and scarcity of datable material made the identification and characterization of individual paleoearthquakes quite difficult. However, by integrating paleoseismological, geological, historical, and archaeoseismological data, we defined three surface-faulting earthquakes. The most recent event is the 1894 earthquake; the penultimate occurred during the Middle Ages between A.D. 770 and 1160, whereas the third event back occurred in Roman times between 50 B.C. and A.D. 230 and is interpreted to be the Opus earthquake of A.D. 105. These results suggest that 1894-type earthquakes repeat each 660–1120 yr. The average minimum slip per event and vertical slip rates are of the order of 45 cm and 0.4–1.6 mm/yr, respectively. These values are in agreement with other geological estimates and with geodetic measurements. Because of the short time elapsed since the 1894 earthquake, the Atalanti fault does not appear to contain an important seismogenic potential. On the other hand, these results may shed light on the potential of other seismogenic sources threatening the area.
    Description: Published
    Description: 531-549
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: palaeoseismology ; 1894 Atalanti Earthquake ; Greece ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    Trench investigation on the main strand of the Boconó fault in its central section, at Mesa del Caballo, Mérida Andes, Venezuela (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-25
    Description: The Mesa del Caballo trench assessment confirms the Holocene activity of the main strand of the Boconó fault at the Apartaderos pull-apart basin. Fifteen earthquakes, of which fourteen have been radiocarbon dated, have been recognized, spanning the last 20,500 yr. Recurrence intervals of these ≥7 magnitude events are variable. The dominant mode of recurrence is 400–450 yr, and the second one is 900 yr. Eventually some events are 1400–1800 yr apart. We suspect that our seismic record may be incomplete. This could be easily justified by several conditions: most of the earthquake recognitions is based on open-crack filling and they superpose spatially (eventually masking or destroying older fills), trenching may miss some events because the fault is made of en echelon Riedel shears, and a short return period may lead to faint differences between paleosoils few hundreds years of age apart. This trench also images an older activity of the fault, as evidenced by plentiful earthquake-triggered liquefaction features, as well as slumping and rotational sliding. By comparing paleoseismic results between the Morro de Los Hoyos and Mesa del Caballo trenches, it appears that both fault strands bounding the Apartaderos pull-apart basin move simultaneously. Besides, the main strand also coseismically slips twice in between those common events. In other words, the seismic scenario could be that the northern strand recurs every 1200–1350 yr while the southern does every 400– 450 yr. This is also in agreement with a respective slip share of 25 and 75% of the 9–10 mm/yr average slip of the Boconó fault in the Mérida Andes central sector.
    Description: Published
    Description: 38-53
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Active faults ; South America ; Paleoseismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
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    Late Holocene Earthquakes on the Aeropuerto Fault, Managua, Nicaragua (2008)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Managua, capital of Nicaragua, is built on the shore of Lake Managua, within a densely faulted graben at a major discontinuity in the Central American volcanic chain. Shallow moderate earthquakes (Ms 6–6.2) ruptured faults with devastating effect at the heart of urban Managua in 1931 and 1972, and damaging earthquakes are cataloged in the earlier history of the surrounding region. The Aeropuerto fault is a major structure in the Managua Graben, but like other faults in this area its behavior is little understood. Paleoseismic investigations now suggest that the most recent large earthquake on this fault occurred sometime during the interval A.D. 1650–1810. An earlier earthquake on this fault occurred prior to A.D. 1390 and possibly around 2000 B.P. On the basis of stratigraphic correlations we estimate the ages of two shorelines associated with former high stands of Lake Managua to be less than 6.4 ka and approximately 2 ka, respectively. Deformation of these abandoned shorelines adjacent to the Aeropuerto fault implies a vertical slip rate of 0.3 to 0.9 mm/yr. Strikeslip movement on this fault is also expected, but no direct measurement could be performed. By comparison with faults of similar geometry in the Managua area that ruptured in 1931 and 1972, we suspect a left-lateral component of horizontal slip that is higher than the vertical one but less than 5 mm/yr. Additional data on slip rate and timing of paleoearthquakes are needed to better assess the Holocene behavior of the Managua faults and to investigate the influence of magmatic processes on the nature of faulting in the Managua Graben.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1694-1707
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: palaeoseismology ; Aeropuerto Fault ; Managua, Nicaragua ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
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    Twenty Years of Paleoseismology in Italy (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Italy has one of the most complete and historically extensive seismic catalogues in the World due to a unique and uninterrupted flow of written sources that have narrated its seismic history since about the end of the Iron Age. Seismic hazard studies have therefore always been mainly based upon this huge mass of data. Nevertheless, the Italian catalogue probably “lacks” many M≥6.5 events, the seismogenetic structures responsible for which are characterized by recurrence times that are longer than the time span covered by our historical sources. For these reasons, and as in other countries, earthquake data that in Italy have been derived from paleoseismological studies should finally become a necessary ingredient in seismic risk assessment. Indeed, over the past 20 years, some hundred trenches have been excavated, supplying reliable and conclusive data on the recent activities of many faults. Through to many robust datings of surface fault events, these studies have provided the ages of several unknown or poorly known M≥6.5 earthquakes. Here, we summarize the state of the art of paleoseismology in Italy, and present a first catalogue of 56 paleoearthquakes (PCI) that occurred mainly in the past 6 kyr. The PCI integrates the historical/instrumental seismic catalogue, and extends it beyond the recurrence time of the seismogenetic faults (2000±1000 yr). We feel confident that the use of the PCI will enhance future probabilistic seismic hazard assessment, and thus contribute to more reliable seismic risk mitigation programs.
    Description: Published
    Description: 89-117
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Italy ; paleoearthquakes ; catalogue of paleoseismicity ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 7
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    Palaeoseismological investigations of the Aigion Fault (Gulf of Corinth, Greece) (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We performed palaeoseismological investigations along the Aigion Fault, one of the main faults that bound the southern side of the Corinth Gulf. The mapped trace of the Aigion Fault onland is about 8 km long and may extend as much as 14 km if one includes its offshore trace. We made detailed studies at two sites adjacent to the Meganitas River. Although dating of faulted sediments was a bit problematic, we present a preliminary estimate of the faults short-term slip rate and recurrence interval. Slip rates range from 1.6 to 4.3 mmyr−1, with a maximum up to 6.3 mmyr−1. Three surface faulting events occurred in the seven centuries prior to 1888 AD, yielding an average (maximum) recurrence interval of 360 yr.
    Description: Published
    Description: 335-342
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: palaeoseismology ; Aigion Fault ; Corinth Gulf ; Greece ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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