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  • Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration  (45)
  • ASTROPHYSICS
  • Life and Medical Sciences
  • 2010-2014
  • 2005-2009  (45)
  • 1975-1979
  • 1970-1974
  • 1950-1954
  • 2006  (45)
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  • 2010-2014
  • 2005-2009  (45)
  • 1975-1979
  • 1970-1974
  • 1950-1954
Year
  • 1
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    Characterization and Petrologic Interpretation of Olivine-Rich Basalts at Gusev Crater, Mars (2006)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Rocks on the floor of Gusev crater are basalts of uniform composition and mineralogy. Olivine, the only mineral to have been identified or inferred from data by all instruments on the Spirit rover, is especially abundant in these rocks. These picritic basalts are similar in many respects to certain Martian meteorites (olivine-phyric shergottites). The olivine megacrysts in both have intermediate compositions, with modal abundances ranging up to 20-30%. Associated minerals in both include low-calcium and high-calcium pyroxenes, plagioclase of intermediate composition, iron-titanium-chromium oxides, and phosphate. These rocks also share minor element trends, reflected in their nickel-magnesium and chromium-magnesium ratios. Gusev basalts and shergottites appear to have formed from primitive magmas produced by melting an undepleted mantle at depth and erupted without significant fractionation. However, apparent differences between Gusev rocks and shergottites in their ages, plagioclase abundances, and volatile contents preclude direct correlation. Orbital determinations of global olivine distribution and compositions by thermal emission spectroscopy suggest that olivine-rich rocks may be widespread. Because weathering under acidic conditions preferentially attacks olivine and disguises such rocks beneath alteration rinds, picritic basalts formed from primitive magmas may even be a common component of the Martian crust formed during ancient and recent times.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
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  • 2
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    Imaging Thermal He(+) from the Lunar Surface (2006)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: Extreme ultraviolet observations of He(+) ions by the EUV instrument on the IMAGE spacecraft have dramatically improved our ability to observe plasmasphere dynamics in the inner magnetosphere. These primarily high latitude observations have revealed the phenomenology of thermal density structures and continue to lead us toward a more complete understanding of inner magnetospheric electric fields and plasmaspheric refilling. Recent analyses have brought attention to the disposition of thermal plasma eroded from the plasmasphere and convected into the outer dayside magnetosphere. The extent to which this plasma is lost into the solar wind or recirculated across the polar cap or through the magnetospheric flanks is an important outstanding question that relates to the influence this plasma has on space weather processes in Geospace. A concept for implementation of enhanced EUV observations from the lunar surface to resolve questions about the global circulation of He(+) plasma in the magnetosphere will be presented. The instrument and science package subsystem elements, including anticipated component capabilities and limitations will be discussed. Attention will also be given to the potential impact of dust contamination.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: 2006 Fall American Geophysical Union Meeting; Dec 11, 2006 - Dec 15, 2006; San Francisco, CA; United States
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  • 3
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    The Fourier-Kelvin Stellar Interferometer a Low Complexity, Low Cost Space Mission for High-Resolution Astronomy and Direct Exoplanet Detection (2006)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Fourier-Kelvin Stellar Interferometer (FKSI) is a mission concept for a spacecraft-borne nulling interferometer for high-resolution astronomy and the direct detection of exoplanets and assay of their environments and atmospheres. FKSI is a high angular resolution system operating in the near to midinfrared spectral region and is a scientific and technological pathfinder to the Darwin and Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF) missions. The instrument is configured with an optical system consisting, depending on configuration, of two 0.5 - 1.0 m telescopes on a 12.5 - 20 m boom feeding a symmetric, dual Mach- Zehnder beam combiner. We report on progress on our nulling testbed including the design of an optical pathlength null-tracking control system and development of a testing regime for hollow-core fiber waveguides proposed for use in wavefront cleanup. We also report results of integrated simulation studies of the planet detection performance of FKSI and results from an in-depth control system and residual optical pathlength jitter analysis.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation 2006; May 24, 2006 - May 31, 2006; Orlando, FL; United States
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  • 4
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    The Future of Asset Management for Human Space Exploration: Supply Classification and an Integrated Database (2006)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: One of the major logistical challenges in human space exploration is asset management. This paper presents observations on the practice of asset management in support of human space flight to date and discusses a functional-based supply classification and a framework for an integrated database that could be used to improve asset management and logistics for human missions to the Moon, Mars and beyond.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Space 2006; Sep 19, 2006 - Sep 21, 2006; San Jose, CA; United States
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  • 5
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    Gravity Fields and Interiors of the Saturnian Satellites (2006)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This viewgraph presentation reviews the Gravity Science Objectives and accomplishments of the Cassini Radio Science Team: (1) Mass and density of icy satellites (2) Quadrupole field of Titan and Rhea (3) Dynamic Love number of Titan (4) Moment of inertia of Titan (in collaboration with the Radar Team) (5) Gravity field of Saturn. The proposed measurements for the extended tour are: (1) Quadrupole field of Enceladus (2) More accurate measurement of Titan k2 (3) Local gravity/topography correlations for Iapetus (4) Verification/disproof of "Pioneer anomaly".
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Third Annual Meeting of the Asia--Oceania Geosciences Society; Jul 10, 2006 - Jul 14, 2006; Singapore
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  • 6
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    Asteroid-Meteorite Links: The Vesta Conundrum(s) (2006)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-11
    Description: Although a direct link between the HED meteorites and the asteroid 4 Vesta is generally acknowledged, several issues continue to be actively examined that tie Vesta to early processes in the solar system. Vesta is no longer the only basaltic asteroid in the Main belt. In addition to the Vestoids of the Vesta family, the small asteroid Magnya is basaltic but appears to be unrelated to Vesta. Similarly, diversity now identified in the collection of basaltic meteorites requires more than one basaltic parent body, consistent with the abundance of differentiated parent bodies implied by iron meteorites. The timing of the formation of the Vestoids (and presumably the large crater at the south pole of Vesta) is unresolved. Peaks in Ar-Ar dates of eucrites suggest this impact event could be related to a possible late heavy bombardment at least 3.5 Gyr ago. On the other hand, the optically fresh appearance of both Vesta and the Vestoids requires either a relatively recent resurfacing event or that their surfaces do not weather in the same manner thought to occur on other asteroids such as the ordinary chondrite parent body. Diversity across the surface of Vesta has been observed with HST and there are hints of compositional variations (possibly involving minor olivine) in near-infrared spectra.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: IAU
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  • 7
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    Enceladus' Water Vapour Plumes (2006)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-11
    Description: A viewgraph presentation on the discovery of Enceladus water vapor plumes is shown. Conservative modeling of this water vapor is also presented and also shows that Enceladus is the source of most of the water required to supply the neutrals in Saturn's system and resupply the E-ring against losses.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
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  • 8
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    Experiences applying Formal Approaches in the Development of Swarm-Based Space Exploration Systems (2006)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-06
    Description: NASA is researching advanced technologies for future exploration missions using intelligent swarms of robotic vehicles. One of these missions is the Autonomous Nan0 Technology Swarm (ANTS) mission that will explore the asteroid belt using 1,000 cooperative autonomous spacecraft. The emergent properties of intelligent swarms make it a potentially powerful concept, but at the same time more difficult to design and ensure that the proper behaviors will emerge. NASA is investigating formal methods and techniques for verification of such missions. The advantage of using formal methods is the ability to mathematically verify the behavior of a swarm, emergent or otherwise. Using the ANTS mission as a case study, we have evaluated multiple formal methods to determine their effectiveness in modeling and ensuring desired swarm behavior. This paper discusses the results of this evaluation and proposes an integrated formal method for ensuring correct behavior of future NASA intelligent swarms.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
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  • 9
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    NASA Exploration Launch Projects Systems Engineering Approach for Astronaut Missions to the Moon, Mars, and Beyond (2006)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: The U.S. Vision for Space Exploration directs NASA to design and develop a new generation of safe, reliable, and cost-effective transportation systems to hlfill the Nation s strategic goals and objectives. These launch vehicles will provide the capability for astronauts to conduct scientific exploration that yields new knowledge from the unique vantage point of space. American leadership in opening new fi-ontiers will improve the quality of life on Earth for generations to come. The Exploration Launch Projects office is responsible for delivering the Crew Launch Vehicle (CLV) that will loft the Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) into low-Earth orbit (LEO) early next decade, and for the heavy lift Cargo Launch Vehicle (CaLV) that will deliver the Lunar Surface Access Module (LSAM) to LEO for astronaut return trips to the Moon by 2020 in preparation for the eventual first human footprint on Mars. Crew travel to the International Space Station will be made available as soon possible after the Space Shuttle retires in 2010.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: 6th NRO/AIAA Space Launch Integration Forum; 12-13 Sept. 2006; Chantilly, VA; United States
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  • 10
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    Degradation of Organics in a Glow Discharge Under Martian Conditions (2006)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The primary objective of this project is to understand the consequences of glow electrical discharges on the chemistry and biology of Mars. The possibility was raised some time ago that the absence of organic material and carbonaceous matter in the Martian soil samples studied by the VikinG Landers might be due in part to an intrinsic atmospheric mechanism such as glow discharge. The high probability for dust interactions during Martian dust storms and dust devils, combined with the cold, dry climate of Mars most likely results in airborne dust that is highly charged. Such high electrostatic potentials generated during dust storms on Earth are not permitted in the low-pressure CO2 environment on Mars; therefore electrostatic energy released in the form of glow discharges is a highly likely phenomenon. Since glow discharge methods are used for cleaning and sterilizing surfaces throughout industry, the idea that dust in the Martian atmosphere undergoes a cleaning action many times over geologic time scales appears to be a plausible one.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: KSC-2006-024 , Lunar and Planetary Science Conference; Mar 13, 2013 - Mar 17, 2013; League City, TX; United States
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