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  • Other Sources  (6)
  • Life Sciences (General)  (2)
  • Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance  (2)
  • Banda  (1)
  • Man/System Technology and Life Support
  • 2005-2009  (6)
  • 2005  (6)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Earthquake ; Tsunami(s) ; Earthquake hazard ; Indonesia ; Banda ; Aceh ; seismic Moment ; Surface waves ; Source ; Modelling ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; slow ; red ; silent ; contribution ; Camp
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Defining optimal nutrient requirements is critical for ensuring crew health during long-duration space exploration missions. Data pertaining to such nutrient requirements are extremely limited. The primary goal of this study was to better understand nutritional changes that occur during long-duration space flight. We examined body composition, bone metabolism, hematology, general blood chemistry, and blood levels of selected vitamins and minerals in 11 astronauts before and after long-duration (128-195 d) space flight aboard the International Space Station. Dietary intake and limited biochemical measures were assessed during flight. Crew members consumed a mean of 80% of their recommended energy intake, and on landing day their body weight was less (P = 0.051) than before flight. Hematocrit, serum iron, ferritin saturation, and transferrin were decreased and serum ferritin was increased after flight (P 〈 0.05). The finding that other acute-phase proteins were unchanged after flight suggests that the changes in iron metabolism are not likely to be solely a result of an inflammatory response. Urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine concentration was greater and RBC superoxide dismutase was less after flight (P 〈 0.05), indicating increased oxidative damage. Despite vitamin D supplement use during flight, serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol was decreased after flight (P 〈 0.01). Bone resorption was increased after flight, as indicated by several markers. Bone formation, assessed by several markers, did not consistently rise 1 d after landing. These data provide evidence that bone loss, compromised vitamin D status, and oxidative damage are among critical nutritional concerns for long-duration space travelers.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: The Journal of nutrition (ISSN 0022-3166); Volume 135; 3; 437-43
    Format: text
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The discrepancy between predicted and measured H2O2 formation during iron deposition with recombinant heavy human liver ferritin (rHF) was attributed to reaction with the iron protein complex [Biochemistry 40 (2001) 10832-10838]. This proposal was examined by stopped-flow kinetic studies and analysis for H2O2 production using (1) rHF, and Azotobacter vinelandii bacterial ferritin (AvBF), each containing 24 identical subunits with ferroxidase centers; (2) site-altered rHF mutants with functional and dysfunctional ferroxidase centers; and (3) rccombinant human liver light ferritin (rLF), containing 110 ferroxidase center. For rHF, nearly identical pseudo-first-order rate constants of 0.18 per second at pH 7.5 were measured for Fe(2+) oxidation by both O2 and H2O2, but for rLF, the rate with O2 was 200-fold slower than that for H2O2 (k-0.22 per second). A Fe(2+)/O2 stoichiometry near 2.4 was measured for rHF and its site altered forms, suggesting formation of H2O2. Direct measurements revealed no H2O2 free in solution 0.5-10 min after all Fe(2+) was oxidized at pH 6.5 or 7.5. These results are consistent with initial H2O2 formation, which rapidly reacts in a secondary reaction with unidentified solution components. Using measured rate constants for rHF, simulations showed that steady-state H2O2 concentrations peaked at 14 pM at approx. 600 ms and decreased to zero at 10-30 s. rLF did not produce measurable H2O2 but apparently conducted the secondary reaction with H2O2. Fe(2+)/O2 values of 4.0 were measured for AvBF. Stopped-flow measurements with AvBF showed that both H2O2 and O2 react at the same rate (k=0.34 per second), that is faster than the reactions with rHF. Simulations suggest that AvBF reduces O2 directly to H2O without intermediate H2O2 formation.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Biophysical Chemistry; 114; 235-244
    Format: text
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: The Space Shuttle Program (SSP) has a zero-fault-tolerant design related to an inadvertent firing of the primary reaction control jets on the Orbiter during mated operations with the International Space Station (ISS). Failure modes identified by the program as a wire-to-wire "smart" short or a Darlington transistor short resulting in a failed-on primary thruster during mated operations with ISS can drive forces that exceed the structural capabilities of the docked Shuttle/ISS structure. The assessment team delivered 17 observations, 6 findings and 15 recommendations to the Space Shuttle Program.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: NASA/TM-2005-213750/VERSION1.0 , L-19119/VERSION1.0 , NESC-RP-05-18-Version-1.0
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: High-test hydrogen peroxide (HP) is an energetic liquid with widespread use in a variety of industrial and aerospace applications. In recent years, there has been increased interest in its use as a "green" or environmentally benign propellant in spacecraft and defense propulsion and power systems. HP, however, can be a significant hazard if not properly handled. In addition, hydrogen peroxide is unstable when exposed to trace contaminants, which may catalyze decomposition and result in violent thermal runaway. Many advanced and newly developed alloys, polymers, composites and other construction materials (such as those used in tankage and piping systems) have not been tested for compatibility with hydrogen peroxide. The reliability of extrapolating from short-term compatibility test results to long-term compatibility has not yet been fully assessed. Therefore, the users and designers of HP systems must be aware of these hazards and unknowns and take the appropriate precautions.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: NASA/TM-2004-213151 , S-936 , JSC-CN-8960 , JSC-E-DAA-TN63718
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: NASA has deemed it necessary to perform the Toxicity Test (offgassing of toxic products) on all non-metallic materials proposed for use in habitable environments onboard the Shuttle and International Space Station flS,!J. This requirement stems from the desire to maintain a healthy, breathable atmosphere for the astronauts. As Shuttle missions have lengthened and with the habitation of the International Space Station, the need for understanding and controlling the contaminants in breathable atmospheres has increased. The increased duration of humans in space present two concerns to the astronauts with regard to their breathing air: 1. Breathing the on-board air. 2. Improved cleaning/filtering of existing air. Trends using existing toxicity data for materials and an understanding of the air cleaning/filtering capabilities in relation to Spacecraft Maximum Allowable Concentrations (SMAC) of offgassed components are explored. Recommendations are made for materials selection practices that should be followed to ensure a safe and healthy breathing environment for astronauts aboard these long term projects. The importance and relevance of Toxicity testing and materials selection in conjunction with the new NASA missions of creating a human presence on the Moon and traveling to Mars are described.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: National Space and Missile Materials Symposium; Jun 27, 2005 - Jul 01, 2005; Summerlin, NV; United States
    Format: text
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