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  • Animals  (211)
  • Humans  (160)
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  • Life and Medical Sciences
  • 2000-2004  (293)
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  • 2003  (293)
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  • 2000-2004  (293)
  • 1980-1984
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2003-12-20
    Description: The ecosystem response to the 1989 spill of oil from the Exxon Valdez into Prince William Sound, Alaska, shows that current practices for assessing ecological risks of oil in the oceans and, by extension, other toxic sources should be changed. Previously, it was assumed that impacts to populations derive almost exclusively from acute mortality. However, in the Alaskan coastal ecosystem, unexpected persistence of toxic subsurface oil and chronic exposures, even at sublethal levels, have continued to affect wildlife. Delayed population reductions and cascades of indirect effects postponed recovery. Development of ecosystem-based toxicology is required to understand and ultimately predict chronic, delayed, and indirect long-term risks and impacts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Peterson, Charles H -- Rice, Stanley D -- Short, Jeffrey W -- Esler, Daniel -- Bodkin, James L -- Ballachey, Brenda E -- Irons, David B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Dec 19;302(5653):2082-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Institute of Marine Sciences, Morehead City, NC 28557, USA. cpeters@email.unc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14684812" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alaska ; Animals ; Animals, Wild/*physiology ; *Ecosystem ; *Environmental Pollution ; Geologic Sediments ; Petroleum/*toxicity ; Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/*toxicity ; Population Density ; Reproduction ; Time Factors ; Toxicity Tests ; Water Pollution/*adverse effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2003-03-29
    Description: The complete genome sequence of Enterococcus faecalis V583, a vancomycin-resistant clinical isolate, revealed that more than a quarter of the genome consists of probable mobile or foreign DNA. One of the predicted mobile elements is a previously unknown vanB vancomycin-resistance conjugative transposon. Three plasmids were identified, including two pheromone-sensing conjugative plasmids, one encoding a previously undescribed pheromone inhibitor. The apparent propensity for the incorporation of mobile elements probably contributed to the rapid acquisition and dissemination of drug resistance in the enterococci.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Paulsen, I T -- Banerjei, L -- Myers, G S A -- Nelson, K E -- Seshadri, R -- Read, T D -- Fouts, D E -- Eisen, J A -- Gill, S R -- Heidelberg, J F -- Tettelin, H -- Dodson, R J -- Umayam, L -- Brinkac, L -- Beanan, M -- Daugherty, S -- DeBoy, R T -- Durkin, S -- Kolonay, J -- Madupu, R -- Nelson, W -- Vamathevan, J -- Tran, B -- Upton, J -- Hansen, T -- Shetty, J -- Khouri, H -- Utterback, T -- Radune, D -- Ketchum, K A -- Dougherty, B A -- Fraser, C M -- AI40963-02/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Mar 28;299(5615):2071-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Genomic Research, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. ipaulsen@tigr.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12663927" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adhesins, Bacterial/genetics ; Bacterial Adhesion ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; *Biological Evolution ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Chromosomes, Bacterial/genetics ; Conjugation, Genetic ; Conserved Sequence ; DNA Transposable Elements ; Digestive System/microbiology ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Enterococcus faecalis/drug effects/*genetics/pathogenicity/physiology ; Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; *Genome, Bacterial ; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/microbiology ; Humans ; *Interspersed Repetitive Sequences ; Lysogeny ; Open Reading Frames ; Oxidative Stress ; Plasmids ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Synteny ; Vancomycin Resistance/*genetics ; Virulence/genetics ; Virulence Factors/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2003-03-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bass, Gary D -- Blumenthal, Paul D -- Corfman, Phil -- Darney, Philip D -- Gonsalves, Gregg -- Levin, Arthur A -- Trussell, James -- Shields, Wayne C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Feb 28;299(5611):1313.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12610277" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/prevention & control ; *Advisory Committees ; Federal Government ; Humans ; *Politics ; *Public Health ; *Science ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2003-12-20
    Description: Alternative pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) splicing plays important roles in development, physiology, and disease, and more than half of human genes are alternatively spliced. To understand the biological roles and regulation of alternative splicing across different tissues and stages of development, systematic methods are needed. Here, we demonstrate the use of microarrays to monitor splicing at every exon-exon junction in more than 10,000 multi-exon human genes in 52 tissues and cell lines. These genome-wide data provide experimental evidence and tissue distributions for thousands of known and novel alternative splicing events. Adding to previous studies, the results indicate that at least 74% of human multi-exon genes are alternatively spliced.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Johnson, Jason M -- Castle, John -- Garrett-Engele, Philip -- Kan, Zhengyan -- Loerch, Patrick M -- Armour, Christopher D -- Santos, Ralph -- Schadt, Eric E -- Stoughton, Roland -- Shoemaker, Daniel D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Dec 19;302(5653):2141-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Rosetta Inpharmatics LLC, Merck & Co., Inc., 12040 115th Avenue N.E., Kirkland, WA 98034, USA. jason_johnson@merck.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14684825" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Alternative Splicing ; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/analysis/genetics ; Cell Line ; DNA, Complementary ; *Exons ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases/analysis/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; *Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases ; Protein Isoforms/analysis ; Proteins/analysis/genetics ; RNA Precursors/*genetics ; ROC Curve ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tissue Distribution
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2003-03-01
    Description: Nonhuman primates represent the most relevant model organisms to understand the biology of Homo sapiens. The recent divergence and associated overall sequence conservation between individual members of this taxon have nonetheless largely precluded the use of primates in comparative sequence studies. We used sequence comparisons of an extensive set of Old World and New World monkeys and hominoids to identify functional regions in the human genome. Analysis of these data enabled the discovery of primate-specific gene regulatory elements and the demarcation of the exons of multiple genes. Much of the information content of the comprehensive primate sequence comparisons could be captured with a small subset of phylogenetically close primates. These results demonstrate the utility of intraprimate sequence comparisons to discover common mammalian as well as primate-specific functional elements in the human genome, which are unattainable through the evaluation of more evolutionarily distant species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boffelli, Dario -- McAuliffe, Jon -- Ovcharenko, Dmitriy -- Lewis, Keith D -- Ovcharenko, Ivan -- Pachter, Lior -- Rubin, Edward M -- HL66728/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01-HG02362-01/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Feb 28;299(5611):1391-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12610304" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apolipoproteins A/genetics ; Biological Evolution ; Cebidae/genetics ; Cercopithecidae/genetics ; Computational Biology ; Conserved Sequence ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay ; Exons ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genome ; *Genome, Human ; Hominidae/genetics ; Humans ; Hylobates/genetics ; Likelihood Functions ; *Phylogeny ; Primates/*genetics ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Species Specificity ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2003-06-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Garsin, Danielle A -- Villanueva, Jacinto M -- Begun, Jakob -- Kim, Dennis H -- Sifri, Costi D -- Calderwood, Stephen B -- Ruvkun, Gary -- Ausubel, Frederick M -- GM48707/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jun 20;300(5627):1921.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12817143" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics/immunology/*microbiology/*physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Enterococcus faecalis/*pathogenicity/physiology ; Escherichia coli/*pathogenicity/physiology ; Forkhead Transcription Factors ; Longevity ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics/physiology ; Receptor, Insulin/genetics/*physiology ; Staphylococcus aureus/*pathogenicity/physiology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2003-01-18
    Description: Trophoblast adhesion to the uterine wall is the requisite first step of implantation and, subsequently, placentation. At the maternal-fetal interface, we investigated the expression of selectin adhesion systems that enable leukocyte capture from the bloodstream. On the maternal side, human uterine epithelial cells up-regulated selectin oligosaccharide-based ligands during the window of receptivity. On the fetal side, human trophoblasts expressed L-selectin. This ligand-receptor system was functional, because beads coated with the selectin ligand 6-sulfo sLe(x) bound to trophoblasts, and trophoblasts bound to ligand-expressing uterine luminal epithelium in tissue sections. These results suggest that trophoblast L-selectin mediates interactions with the uterus and that this adhesion mechanism may be critical to establishing human pregnancy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Genbacev, Olga D -- Prakobphol, Akraporn -- Foulk, Russell A -- Krtolica, Ana R -- Ilic, Dusko -- Singer, Mark S -- Yang, Zhi-Qiang -- Kiessling, Laura L -- Rosen, Steven D -- Fisher, Susan J -- DE 07244/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- HL 64597/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R37GM23547/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U01 HD 42283/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jan 17;299(5605):405-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Stomatology, Anatomy, and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12532021" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies ; Blastocyst/physiology ; Cell Adhesion ; Cells, Cultured ; *Embryo Implantation ; Endometrium/cytology/metabolism/*physiology ; Epithelial Cells/metabolism ; Female ; Follicular Phase ; Humans ; Immunoblotting ; Jurkat Cells ; L-Selectin/immunology/*metabolism ; Ligands ; Luteal Phase ; Mice ; Microspheres ; Oligosaccharides/*metabolism ; Organ Culture Techniques ; Pregnancy ; Trophoblasts/metabolism/*physiology ; Up-Regulation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2003-10-04
    Description: The most common inherited [correct] form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a neurodegenerative disease affecting adult motor neurons, is caused by dominant mutations in the ubiquitously expressed Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1). In chimeric mice that are mixtures of normal and SOD1 mutant-expressing cells, toxicity to motor neurons is shown to require damage from mutant SOD1 acting within nonneuronal cells. Normal motor neurons in SOD1 mutant chimeras develop aspects of ALS pathology. Most important, nonneuronal cells that do not express mutant SOD1 delay degeneration and significantly extend survival of mutant-expressing motor neurons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clement, A M -- Nguyen, M D -- Roberts, E A -- Garcia, M L -- Boillee, S -- Rule, M -- McMahon, A P -- Doucette, W -- Siwek, D -- Ferrante, R J -- Brown, R H Jr -- Julien, J-P -- Goldstein, L S B -- Cleveland, D W -- AG 12992/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG 13846/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- HD 30249/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS 27036/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 31248/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 37912/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R37 NS027036/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 3;302(5642):113-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0670, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14526083" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/*pathology ; Animals ; Axons/pathology ; Cell Survival ; Chimera ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Mice, Transgenic ; Motor Neurons/metabolism/pathology/*physiology ; Mutation ; Nerve Degeneration ; Neurofilament Proteins/metabolism ; Spinal Cord/metabolism/*pathology ; Superoxide Dismutase/*genetics/metabolism ; Survival Rate ; Ubiquitin/analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2003-01-11
    Description: Most gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) have activating mutations in the KIT receptor tyrosine kinase, and most patients with GISTs respond well to Gleevec, which inhibits KIT kinase activity. Here we show that approximately 35% (14 of 40) of GISTs lacking KIT mutations have intragenic activation mutations in the related receptor tyrosine kinase, platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA). Tumors expressing KIT or PDGFRA oncoproteins were indistinguishable with respect to activation of downstream signaling intermediates and cytogenetic changes associated with tumor progression. Thus, KIT and PDGFRA mutations appear to be alternative and mutually exclusive oncogenic mechanisms in GISTs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heinrich, Michael C -- Corless, Christopher L -- Duensing, Anette -- McGreevey, Laura -- Chen, Chang-Jie -- Joseph, Nora -- Singer, Samuel -- Griffith, Diana J -- Haley, Andrea -- Town, Ajia -- Demetri, George D -- Fletcher, Christopher D M -- Fletcher, Jonathan A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jan 31;299(5607):708-10. Epub 2003 Jan 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University Cancer Institute and Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, OR 97201, USA. heinrich@ohsu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12522257" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; CHO Cells ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Cricetinae ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Exons ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/*genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Karyotyping ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Mutation ; Oncogenes ; Phosphorylation ; *Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit/*genetics/metabolism ; Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha/*genetics/metabolism ; STAT1 Transcription Factor ; STAT3 Transcription Factor ; Signal Transduction ; Trans-Activators/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 20
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-02-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Causey, Douglas -- Trimble, Jeremiah -- Hallwachs, Winnie -- Brooks, Daniel -- Janzen, Daniel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Feb 7;299(5608):821.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12575705" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Migration ; Animals ; Bird Diseases/epidemiology/*transmission ; Birds ; Costa Rica/epidemiology ; West Nile Fever/epidemiology/transmission/*veterinary
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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